La liberalidad hoy. Los contenidos básicos comunes de formación ética y ciudadana en la EGB en la reforma educativa argentina

La proliferación de conceptos éticos que observamos en la modernidad, junto con el aumento de la equivocidad entre muchos de ellos, no contribuyen a clarificar y orientar la acción moral, ni la educación encaminada a ella. En este artículo, en una primera parte, tratamos de precisar uno de esos conceptos, el de liberalidad y su posición respecto a términos próximos y concomitantes tales como la solidaridad, la generosidad, el respeto y la tolerancia. En la segunda parte, nos centramos en ver en qué medida está presente la promoción de esta virtud social —la liberalidad— en la propuesta de Formación Ética y Ciudadana que la reforma educativa argentina (1993), concretamente en los Contenidos Básicos Comunes, sugiere. Se concluye subrayando la necesidad de profundizar en un marco teórico adecuado en el que estén presentes las virtudes sociales aunque sin ninguna duda, la propuesta que la Ley Federal de Educación nos ofrece constituye una base aceptable de discusión e investigación presente y futura.---------------------The proliferation of ethical concepts that can be found in modem thinking, together with the increasing confusion between them, make no contribution for defining clear guide fines for moral action: nor moral education. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a more accurate definition of one of these concepts, liberality, and their relation to related notions such as solidarity, generosity, respect for others, and above all, tolerance. Then we focus on the presence of this social virtue within the project of Ethical and Civic Education in the 1993 Argentinian Education Bill. The conclusions underline the need for an adequate theoretical frame. In this regard, the "Ley Federal de Educacion" offers an interesting basis, for discussion and practical and research development

Agrupamiento de Filas y Columnas Homogéneas en Modelos de Correspondencia

Goodman(1981) proposed homogeneity and structures criterias in Associaton Models which allow to determine if certain rows or columns in a contingency table should be grouped. In later works, he showed the relations between canonicals scores and the one corresponding to an Association Models. Gilula (1986) developed grouping results suggested by the canonical scores in a contingency table under a RC Canonical Correlation Model. On the other hand, Correspondence Analysis can be seen like a reparametrization of Canonical Correlation Model by virtue of Goodman (1986) and Van der Heijden et al. (1994) result.Goodman (1981) propone criterios de homogeneidad y estructura para Modelos de Asociación que permiten determinar si pueden agruparse ciertas filas o columnas en una tabla de contingencia. Luego muestra las relaciones entre scores canónicos y los scores correspondientes a Modelos de Asociación. Gilula (1986) desarrolla resultados de agrupamiento sugeridos por los scores canónicos asociados en una tabla de contingencia bajo un modelo de Correlación Canónica RC. Por otra parte, el Análisis de Correspondencia se puede ver como una reparametrización del Modelo de Correlación Canónica en virtud de la propuesta de Goodman (1986) y van der Heijden et al (1994)

TRPV1 channels are critical brain inflammation detectors and neuropathic pain biomarkers in mice

The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 has been widely characterized in the sensory system as a key component of pain and inflammation. A large amount of evidence shows that TRPV1 is also functional in the brain although its role is still debated. Here we report that TRPV1 is highly expressed in microglial cells rather than neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex and other brain areas. We found that stimulation of microglial TRPV1 controls cortical microglia activation per se and indirectly enhances glutamatergic transmission in neurons by promoting extracellular microglial microvesicles shedding. Conversely, in the cortex of mice suffering from neuropathic pain, TRPV1 is also present in neurons affecting their intrinsic electrical properties and synaptic strength. Altogether, these findings identify brain TRPV1 as potential detector of harmful stimuli and a key player of microglia to neuron communication

Locais de reprodução são fator limitante para o sapo-de-barrigavermelha de Tandil (Bufonidae) nas serras dos Pampas?

The selection of breeding sites in response to temporary pond characteristics has been frequently documented in several anuran species. Small and shallow temporary ponds are usually preferred. The Tandilean red-belly toad, Melanophryniscus aff. montevidensis, is an endemic species that breeds in temporary ponds of remnants of highland grasslands in Tandilia mountain system, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The goals of this work are to characterize breeding sites of Tandilean red-belly toad, and to assess the availability of potential breeding sites at remnants of highland grasslands. Tandilean red-belly toad was observed using ponds and temporary creeks in valleys and slopes of mountains. The median of dimensions for the breeding sites was 8m length, 4m wide and 10cm depth (n = 40). The majority of the breeding sites were circular and of natural origin. The dominant breeding site substrates were mud and vegetation. We found 115 potential breeding sites in grassland remnants of surroundings of Tandil city, giving a density of 7.1 potential breeding sites/km2. The density of potential breeding sites in highland grasslands of Tandilia Mountains was similar in most surveyed remnants. Therefore, our results suggest that size of remnant is not affecting the breeding habitat availability.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Assessing the sensitivity of leeches as indicators of water quality

The objective of this work was assessing the sensitivity of leeches to several water quality attributes in lowlands streams.Weused occupancymodelling that account explicitly for detectability, to estimate the influence of four variables (dissolved oxygen, 5-days biochemicals oxygen demand, conductivity, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen) affecting nine species. We described the sensitivity as a change in the occupancy along the range of water quality attributes.We found at least one species of Helobdella in 81% of sites and Helobdella, as genus, was detected along the entire gradient of each attribute. However, differences in the sensitivitywere observed between species. For example, if we analyse the sensitivity of the genus Helobdella to dissolved oxygen, we can say that it is very tolerant. However, if we analyse the response to dissolved oxygen of each one of the species of Helobdella,wewill realize that H. michaelseni, and H. simplex showed a high occupancy at high levels of dissolved oxygen; while H. hyalina and H. triserialis lineata showed high occupancy at low levels. Describe the sensitivity of the species in terms of occupancy, offers a new methodology to understand how the species behave along a stressor gradient.Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Long lasting MDM2/Translocator protein modulator: a new strategy for irreversible apoptosis of human glioblastoma cells

The development of multi-target drugs and irreversible modulators of deregulated signalling proteins is the major challenge for improving glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment. Reversible single-target drugs are not sufficient to sustain a therapeutic effect over time and may favour the activation of alternative signalling pathways and the onset of resistance phenomena. Thus, a multi-target compound that has a long-lasting mechanism of action might have a greater and longer life span of anti-proliferative activity. Recently, a dual-target indol-3ylglyoxyldipeptide derivative, designed to bind to the Translocator Protein (TSPO) and reactivate p53 function via dissociation from its physiological inhibitor, murine double minute 2 (MDM2), has been developed as a potent GBM pro-apoptotic agent. In this study, this derivative was chemically modified to irreversibly bind MDM2 and TSPO. The new compound elicited a TSPO-mediated mitochondrial membrane dissipation and restored p53 activity, triggering a long-lasting apoptosis of GBM cells. These effects were sustained over time, involved a stable activation of extracellular signal regulated kinases and were specifically observed in cancer cells, in which these protein kinases are deregulated. Dual-targeting and irreversible binding properties combined in the same molecule may represent a useful strategy to overcome the time-limited effects elicited by classical chemotherapies

Combined inhibition of AKT/mTOR and MDM2 enhances Glioblastoma Multiforme cell apoptosis and differentiation of cancer stem cells

The poor prognosis of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is due to a high resistance to conventional treatments and to the presence of a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Combination therapies targeting survival/self-renewal signals of GBM and GSCs are emerging as useful tools to improve GBM treatment. In this context, the hyperactivated AKT/mammalian target of the rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) and the inhibited wild-type p53 appear to be good candidates. Herein, the interaction between these pathways was investigated, using the novel AKT/mTOR inhibitor FC85 and ISA27, which re-activates p53 functionality by blocking its endogenous inhibitor murine double minute 2 homologue (MDM2). In GBM cells, FC85 efficiently inhibited AKT/mTOR signalling and reactivated p53 functionality, triggering cellular apoptosis. The combined therapy with ISA27 produced a synergic effect on the inhibition of cell viability and on the reactivation of p53 pathway. Most importantly, FC85 and ISA27 blocked proliferation and promoted the differentiation of GSCs. The simultaneous use of these compounds significantly enhanced GSC differentiation/apoptosis. These findings suggest that FC85 actively enhances the downstream p53 signalling and that a combination strategy aimed at inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway and re-activating p53 signalling is potentially effective in GBM and in GSCs

Macrophytes, epipelic biofilm, and invertebrates as biotic indicators of physical habitat degradation of lowland streams (Argentina)

Our objective was to assess the effect of the physical habitat degradation in three lowland streams of Argentina that are subject to different land uses. To address this matter, we looked into some physical habitat alterations, mainly the water quality and channel changes, the impact on macrophytes’ community, and the structural and functional descriptors of the epipelic biofilm and invertebrate assemblages. As a consequence of physical and chemical perturbations, we differentiated sampling sites with different degradation levels. The low degraded sites were affected mainly for the suburban land use, the moderately degraded sites for the rural land use, and the highly degraded sites for the urban land use. The data shows that the biotic descriptors that best reflected the environmental degradation were vegetation cover and macrophytes richness, the dominance of tolerant species (epipelic biofilm and invertebrates), algal biomass, O₂ consumption by the epipelic biofilm, and invertebrates’ richness and diversity. Furthermore, the results obtained highlight the importance of the macrophytes in the lowland streams, where there is a poor diversification of abiotic substrates and where the macrophytes not only provide shelter but also a food source for invertebrates and other trophic levels such as fish. We also noted that both in benthic communities, invertebrates and epipelic biofilm supplied different information: the habitat’s physical structure provided by the macrophytes influenced mainly the invertebrate descriptors; meanwhile, the water quality mainly influenced most of the epipelic biofilm descriptors.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoInstituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet

Occupancy and abundance of large macaws in the Beni savannahs, Bolivia

Fil: Berkunsky, Igor. Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Cepeda, Rosana E.. Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Marinelli, Claudia. Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Simoy, María Verónica. Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Daniele, Gonzalo. Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Kacoliris, Federico Pablo. Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Luque, José A.. Blue-throated Macaw Conservation Project. World Parrot Trust. Trinidad; BoliviaFil: Gandoy, Facundo. Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Aramburú, Rosana Mariel. División Zoología Vertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Gilardi, James D.. Blue-throated Macaw Conservation Project. World Parrot Trust. Trinidad; Bolivi