61 research outputs found
Evaluation de différentes stratégies thérapeutiques antisens pour le traitement de la maladie de Huntington
Huntingtonâs disease (HD) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the exon 1 of huntingtin gene (htt), encoding for a mutant protein. It has been shown that the silencing/down regulation of huntingtin protein is a promising therapeutic lead. In this project, I have explored and compared three strategies using the antisense approach: a non-allele specific strategy, aiming to silence the global expression of htt; an allele specific strategy targeting CAG repeats to silence preferentially the mutant allele; and an exon-skipping strategy in order to remove cleavage sites which originally cause a shorter and toxic form of the htt protein. These strategies have been evaluated using two different tools: tricyclo-DNA (TcDNA), a new class of antisense oligonucleotides (AON) more efficient than the previous chemistries, and a vectorized approach using U7snRNA system allowing a stable expression of antisense sequences. Firstly, these different molecules have been assessed in vitro in HD fibroblasts quantifying mRNA and htt protein levels with RTqPCR and Western blot respectively. Subsequently, the most efficient sequences have been selected and intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections have been performed with corresponding AON and AAV-U7snRNA in a HD mouse model (YAC128). The most encouraging results have been obtained with the TcDNA-NS (for Non Specific allele), allowing a significant decrease of htt expression in cortex, hippocampus and striatum 2 and 6 weeks after ICV injection. These promising results suggest the potential of TcDNA as a new therapeutic tool for HD.La maladie de Huntington (MH) est causĂ©e par une expansion de rĂ©pĂ©titions CAG sur lâexon 1 du gĂšne huntingtine (htt), codant pour une protĂ©ine mutĂ©e. Il a Ă©tĂ© montrĂ© que la diminution dâexpression de cette protĂ©ine est une piste thĂ©rapeutique trĂšs prometteuse. Dans ce projet, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© et comparĂ© trois approches dites «antisens» : une stratĂ©gie allĂšle non-spĂ©cifique, visant Ă diminuer de maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale lâexpression de htt ; une stratĂ©gie allĂšle spĂ©cifique ciblant les rĂ©pĂ©titions CAG afin dâimpacter prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement lâallĂšle mutĂ© ; et enfin une stratĂ©gie de saut dâexon permettant dâenlever des sites de clivage Ă lâorigine dâune forme raccourcie et toxique de la protĂ©ine htt. Nous avons Ă©valuĂ© ces approches grĂące Ă deux outils diffĂ©rents : les tricyclo-DNA (TcDNA), qui sont une nouvelle classe dâoligonuclĂ©otides antisens (AON) plus performante que les chimies prĂ©cĂ©dentes, et le systĂšme U7snRNA vectorisĂ©, permettant dâinduire une expression stable des sĂ©quences antisens. Dans un premier temps, ces diffĂ©rentes molĂ©cules ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es in vitro dans des lignĂ©es de fibroblastes de patients en quantifiant le niveau dâARNm et de protĂ©ines htt par RTqPCR et Western blot respectivement. Par la suite, les sĂ©quences les plus efficaces in vitro ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©es et les AON et AAV-U7snRNA correspondants ont Ă©tĂ© injectĂ©s en intracĂ©rĂ©broventriculaire (ICV) dans un modĂšle murin de la MH (souris YAC128). Les rĂ©sultats les plus encourageants ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus avec le TcDNA-NS (pour allĂšle Non SpĂ©cifique), permettant une diminution significative de lâexpression de htt dans le cortex, lâhippocampe et le striatum 2 et 6 semaines aprĂšs une injection ICV. Ces rĂ©sultats prometteurs suggĂšrent le potentiel des TcDNA comme nouvel outil thĂ©rapeutique pour la MH
Therapeutic strategies for Huntingtonâs disease based on the antisense approach
La maladie de Huntington (MH) est causĂ©e par une expansion de rĂ©pĂ©titions CAG sur lâexon 1 du gĂšne huntingtine (htt), codant pour une protĂ©ine mutĂ©e. Il a Ă©tĂ© montrĂ© que la diminution dâexpression de cette protĂ©ine est une piste thĂ©rapeutique trĂšs prometteuse. Dans ce projet, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© et comparĂ© trois approches dites «antisens» : une stratĂ©gie allĂšle non-spĂ©cifique, visant Ă diminuer de maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale lâexpression de htt ; une stratĂ©gie allĂšle spĂ©cifique ciblant les rĂ©pĂ©titions CAG afin dâimpacter prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement lâallĂšle mutĂ© ; et enfin une stratĂ©gie de saut dâexon permettant dâenlever des sites de clivage Ă lâorigine dâune forme raccourcie et toxique de la protĂ©ine htt. Nous avons Ă©valuĂ© ces approches grĂące Ă deux outils diffĂ©rents : les tricyclo-DNA (TcDNA), qui sont une nouvelle classe dâoligonuclĂ©otides antisens (AON) plus performante que les chimies prĂ©cĂ©dentes, et le systĂšme U7snRNA vectorisĂ©, permettant dâinduire une expression stable des sĂ©quences antisens. Dans un premier temps, ces diffĂ©rentes molĂ©cules ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es in vitro dans des lignĂ©es de fibroblastes de patients en quantifiant le niveau dâARNm et de protĂ©ines htt par RTqPCR et Western blot respectivement. Par la suite, les sĂ©quences les plus efficaces in vitro ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©es et les AON et AAV-U7snRNA correspondants ont Ă©tĂ© injectĂ©s en intracĂ©rĂ©broventriculaire (ICV) dans un modĂšle murin de la MH (souris YAC128). Les rĂ©sultats les plus encourageants ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus avec le TcDNA-NS (pour allĂšle Non SpĂ©cifique), permettant une diminution significative de lâexpression de htt dans le cortex, lâhippocampe et le striatum 2 et 6 semaines aprĂšs une injection ICV. Ces rĂ©sultats prometteurs suggĂšrent le potentiel des TcDNA comme nouvel outil thĂ©rapeutique pour la MH.Huntingtonâs disease (HD) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the exon 1 of huntingtin gene (htt), encoding for a mutant protein. It has been shown that the silencing/down regulation of huntingtin protein is a promising therapeutic lead. In this project, I have explored and compared three strategies using the antisense approach: a non-allele specific strategy, aiming to silence the global expression of htt; an allele specific strategy targeting CAG repeats to silence preferentially the mutant allele; and an exon-skipping strategy in order to remove cleavage sites which originally cause a shorter and toxic form of the htt protein. These strategies have been evaluated using two different tools: tricyclo-DNA (TcDNA), a new class of antisense oligonucleotides (AON) more efficient than the previous chemistries, and a vectorized approach using U7snRNA system allowing a stable expression of antisense sequences. Firstly, these different molecules have been assessed in vitro in HD fibroblasts quantifying mRNA and htt protein levels with RTqPCR and Western blot respectively. Subsequently, the most efficient sequences have been selected and intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections have been performed with corresponding AON and AAV-U7snRNA in a HD mouse model (YAC128). The most encouraging results have been obtained with the TcDNA-NS (for Non Specific allele), allowing a significant decrease of htt expression in cortex, hippocampus and striatum 2 and 6 weeks after ICV injection. These promising results suggest the potential of TcDNA as a new therapeutic tool for HD
Contribution du pharmacien dans la prise en charge thérapeutique et sociale de la douleur chronique chez la personne ùgée
LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocRENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Viral Vector-Mediated Antisense Therapy for Genetic Diseases
RNA plays complex roles in normal health and disease and is becoming an important target for therapeutic intervention; accordingly, therapeutic strategies that modulate RNA function have gained great interest over the past decade. Antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) are perhaps the most promising strategy to modulate RNA expression through a variety of post binding events such as gene silencing through degradative or non-degradative mechanisms, or splicing modulation which has recently demonstrated promising results. However, AO technology still faces issues like poor cellular-uptake, low efficacy in target tissues and relatively rapid clearance from the circulation which means repeated injections are essential to complete therapeutic efficacy. To overcome these limitations, viral vectors encoding small nuclear RNAs have been engineered to shuttle antisense sequences into cells, allowing appropriate subcellular localization with pre-mRNAs and permanent correction. In this review, we outline the different strategies for antisense therapy mediated by viral vectors and provide examples of each approach. We also address the advantages and limitations of viral vector use, with an emphasis on their clinical application
Lowering Mutant Huntingtin Using Tricyclo-DNA Antisense Oligonucleotides As a Therapeutic Approach for Huntington's Disease
Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of huntingtin gene (HTT) encoding for a toxic polyglutamine protein. This disease is characterized by motor, psychiatric, and cognitive impairments. Currently, there is no disease modifying treatment. However, reducing the expression of the huntingtin protein (HTT) using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) has been shown as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, we explore the therapeutic potential of ASO made of tricyclo-DNA (tcDNA), a conformationally constrained DNA analog, to silence HTT. We used a gapmer ASO, containing central DNA nucleotides flanked by tcDNA modifications on 5' and 3' ends, allowing the recruitment of RNAse H and subsequent degradation of the messenger RNA. After transfection of tcDNA-ASO in patient-derived fibroblast cell lines, we show a strong decrease of HTT mRNA and protein levels. As a control, 2'O-methyl-RNA targeting the same region of HTT was also tested and did not induce a significant effect. tcDNA-ASO were also evaluated in vivo in the YAC128 mice, containing the full-length human HTT gene with 128 CAG repeat expansion. Single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of tcDNA induce a significant decrease of HTT messenger and protein levels in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum of treated mice. tcDNA-ASO were found well distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and show long lasting effect with protein levels still low, 12 weeks after a single ICV injection. This proof of concept study suggests the therapeutic potential of gapmer tcDNA ASO to downregulate huntingtin in vitro and in vivo
Détection et identification de décharges partielles dans un cùble aéronautique
International audienceLâaugmentation des niveaux de tension dans les rĂ©seaux aĂ©ronautiques embarquĂ©s peut engendrer le phĂ©nomĂšne de dĂ©charges Ă©lectriques. Il est montrĂ© que sur un cĂąble aĂ©ronautique neuf, les dĂ©charges partielles peuvent ĂȘtre amorcĂ©es et entretenues Ă lâinterface entre la surface externe de lâisolant avec un conducteur de masse (dĂ©charges externes), et entre lâĂąme et la face interne de lâisolant du cĂąble (dĂ©charges internes). La localisation des dĂ©charges internes est confirmĂ©e par la dĂ©pendance des tensions dâamorçage avec la pression imposĂ©e et par les relevĂ©s Ă©lectriques
Partial Discharge Detection in an Aeronautical Power Cable
International audienc
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