Metals impact into the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (Brazil) during the exceptional flood of 2011

Abstract Particulate and dissolved metal concentrations were determined after the largest flood in the last 30 years on the east-west axis of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) and compared to the those of the dry period at two stations. Results confirmed that the flood greatly affected riverine outflows and the behavior of metals in the PEC. In particular, a sharp decrease in salinity was followed by extremely high SPM concentrations leading to a decrease in DO concentrations at both stations. For the dissolved phase, ANOSIM analysis showed a significant dissimilarity at each station between the sampled periods, whereas for the particulate phase this dissimilarity was found only for the samplings taken at the Antonina Station. KD values suggested dissolved Cu behavior was related to the presence of organic complexes and dissolved Mn had sediment resuspension of redox sediments and or/pore water injection as sources. Metal concentrations were lower than in polluted estuaries, though high enrichment factors found after the flood pointed to the influence of anthropogenic sources. In conclusion, the flood's influence was more evident at the Antonina Station, due to its location in the upper estuary, whereas in Paranaguá a high SPM content with low metal concentration was found, following the common pattern generally found in other marine systems subject to heavy rainfall events

Germination dynamics of sesame seeds under salt stress

Sesame crops have large economic potential; however, the scarcity of good quality water in the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil can affect production systems, which requires the search for cultivars that can better be adapted to the local conditions. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the germination dynamics of sesame seed lots subjected to different electrical conductivities of the imbibition solution. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Seeds and Seedling Analysis of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal campus, Paraíba, Brazil. A completely randomized design was used, in an 8×6 factorial arrangement, corresponding to eight seed lots (BRS Seda; BRS Seda (S2); BRS G2 (S1); BRS G2 (S2); BRS G3 (S1); BRS G3 (S2); BRS G4 (S1) and BRS G4 (S2), where S1 and S2 represent the grown environments, saline (2.4 dS m-1) and non-saline, respectively; and six electrical conductivities of the imbibition solution (0.3; 1.2; 2.1; 3.0; 3.9; and 4.8 dS m-¹), with four replications. The variables seed germination, vigor, germination speed index, mean time for germination, mean germination speed, and radicle length were evaluated. The sesame seeds are sensitive to salinity, regardless of the lot analyzed and their germination power decreases when they are subjected to high salt concentrations.Sesame crops have large economic potential; however, the scarcity of good quality water in the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil can affect production systems, which requires the search for cultivars that can better be adapted to the local conditions. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the germination dynamics of sesame seed lots subjected to different electrical conductivities of the imbibition solution. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Seeds and Seedling Analysis of the Federa

Internações hospitalares por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em idosos do meio oeste catarinense, entre 2008 a 2015.

Introduction: the Brazilian List of Hospitalizations for Conditions Sensitive to Primary Care (CSAP) is used as an instrument to evaluate the resolving power of primary care and hospital care. The ICSAP found a high prevalence in the elderly population, occupying a large part of the hospital beds. Objective: To analyze the temporal evolution of hospitalizations due to conditions sensitive to primary care (ICSAP) in elderly residents in the region of the Association of Municipalities of Midwest Santa Catarina (AMMOC). Methods: Exploratory and descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach of all hospitalizations of the elderly by CSAP occurred and made available from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH-SUS) database from 2008 to 2015 in the AMMOC region. Results: The main ICSAP were pulmonary diseases (1,740), heart failure (1,396), and the third largest cause were infectious gastroenteritis with (861) hospitalizations. There was a 21,9% reduction in the ICSAP rate throughout the analyzed period. Conclusion: The reduction of these indices seems to indicate improvements in basic health care services. This study contributed to a diagnosis of the real situation, functionality and effectiveness of the services provided in the cities surveyed. Keywords: Primary Health Care. Aged. Hospitalization. Morbidity.Introdução: a Lista Brasileira de Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (ICSAP) é utilizada como instrumento de avaliação do poder de resolutividade da atenção primária e da atenção hospitalar. As ICSAP encontram grande prevalência na população idosa, ocupando grande parte dos leitos hospitalares. Objetivo: analisar a evolução temporal das Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (ICSAP) em idosos residentes na região da Associação dos Municípios do Meio Oeste Catarinense (AMMOC). Métodos: estudo de análise exploratória e descritiva com abordagem quantitativa de todas internações de idosos por CSAP ocorridas e disponibilizadas do banco de dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do SUS (SIH-SUS) entre 2008 a 2015, na região da AMMOC. Resultados: As principais ICSAP foram doenças pulmonares (1.740) casos, insuficiência cardíaca (1.396) e terceira maior causa foram gastroenterites infecciosas com (861) internações. Houve redução de 21,9% na taxa de ICSAP durante todo o período analisado. Conclusão: A redução destes índices parece indicar melhorias nos serviços de atenção básica. Este estudo contribuiu para um diagnóstico da real situação, funcionalidade e eficácia dos serviços prestados nos municípios pesquisados. Palavras-chave: Atenção Primária à Saúde. Idosos. Hospitalização. Morbidade

Avaliação de fatores imunológicos e Endocrino-metabólicos nos paciente diabéticos acometidos por Covid-19: uma revisão de literatura / Evaluation of immunological and Endocrine-metabolic factors in diabetic patients affected by Covid-19: a literature review

Introdução: Em dezembro de 2019 ocorreu o primeiro surto da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave por Coronavírus em Wuhan na China. É fundamental compreender a razão de alguns indivíduos evoluírem para formas graves, quais os fatores de gravidade relacionados e os principais efeitos sistêmicos desencadeados pela infecção. Doenças como diabetes mellitus, hipertensão e obesidade grave são mais propensos a serem infectados e evoluem com mais complicações tendo maior risco de morte. Objetivos: identificar e relacionar os fatores imunológicos, endócrinos e metabólicos em pacientes portadores crônicos de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 ao pior prognostico em infectados pela COVID- 19. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura com análise qualitativa descritiva.  Foram incluídas publicações de dezembro de 2019 a maio de 2021 disponibilizados na íntegra, online e gratuitos. Dentre os artigos publicados com os descritores determinados foram encontrados 142 artigos, contudo foram utilizados 18 artigos para o embasamento teórico. Resultados: Nas pesquisas realizadas na China, a taxa de mortalidade em pacientes acometidos por COVID-19 de 7,3% em pacientes portadores de DM quando comparados a população em geral com a taxa de mortalidade de 2,3%. Em outro estudo foram analisados 48 pacientes diabéticos principalmente entre homens, com maior tempo de diagnóstico da doença crônica, maior idade, com sintomas de respiratórios, que foram tratados com glicocorticoides e ventilação mecânica estavam associados a maior gravidade. No Brasil, segundo o boletim epidemiológico do ministério da Saúde de 04 de janeiro de 2021 portaria n°44, foram registrados 49.149 óbitos em diabéticos acima de 60 anos e 12.363 óbitos com idade inferior a 60 anos, em um total de 188.584 mortos. Nesse contexto a diabetes mellitus é a segunda patologia com maior associação a óbitos por SRAG desencadeados pelo coronavírus. Conclusões: Nota-se a evidente influencia da diabetes mellitus como fator de mau prognostico para infecção da covid-19, sendo necessário acompanhamento clínico atento para possíveis complicações e desfechos desfavoráveis.  

Metals impact into the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (Brazil) during the exceptional flood of 2011

Abstract Particulate and dissolved metal concentrations were determined after the largest flood in the last 30 years on the east-west axis of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) and compared to the those of the dry period at two stations. Results confirmed that the flood greatly affected riverine outflows and the behavior of metals in the PEC. In particular, a sharp decrease in salinity was followed by extremely high SPM concentrations leading to a decrease in DO concentrations at both stations. For the dissolved phase, ANOSIM analysis showed a significant dissimilarity at each station between the sampled periods, whereas for the particulate phase this dissimilarity was found only for the samplings taken at the Antonina Station. KD values suggested dissolved Cu behavior was related to the presence of organic complexes and dissolved Mn had sediment resuspension of redox sediments and or/pore water injection as sources. Metal concentrations were lower than in polluted estuaries, though high enrichment factors found after the flood pointed to the influence of anthropogenic sources. In conclusion, the flood's influence was more evident at the Antonina Station, due to its location in the upper estuary, whereas in Paranaguá a high SPM content with low metal concentration was found, following the common pattern generally found in other marine systems subject to heavy rainfall events

Detecting long-term temporal trends in sediment-bound metals in the western Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea)

Major and trace metal concentrations were determined in western Adriatic sediment cores. Based on sediment chronology, the earliest anthropogenic influence appeared as a Zn and Pb increase in the Po River prodelta starting from ~. 1914. The increasing contamination signal of these trace metals propagated southward as far as 450. km with a growing delay, taking ~. 10. years to reach the south Adriatic Sea. Although greater inventories of excess trace metals in the northern sector pointed to the influence of the intense human activities in the Po River drainage basin and Venice lagoon system, we observed a reduction of excess trace metals from mid-1980s, related to the implementation of stricter environmental regulations on chemical wastewaters. In contrast, an increase in trace metal accumulation in surficial sediment from the 2000s in front of the cities of Ancona and Bari suggested a recent local input of trace metals, probably due to harbor activities

Metals impact into the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (Brazil) during the exceptional flood of 2011

Abstract Particulate and dissolved metal concentrations were determined after the largest flood in the last 30 years on the east-west axis of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) and compared to the those of the dry period at two stations. Results confirmed that the flood greatly affected riverine outflows and the behavior of metals in the PEC. In particular, a sharp decrease in salinity was followed by extremely high SPM concentrations leading to a decrease in DO concentrations at both stations. For the dissolved phase, ANOSIM analysis showed a significant dissimilarity at each station between the sampled periods, whereas for the particulate phase this dissimilarity was found only for the samplings taken at the Antonina Station. KD values suggested dissolved Cu behavior was related to the presence of organic complexes and dissolved Mn had sediment resuspension of redox sediments and or/pore water injection as sources. Metal concentrations were lower than in polluted estuaries, though high enrichment factors found after the flood pointed to the influence of anthropogenic sources. In conclusion, the flood's influence was more evident at the Antonina Station, due to its location in the upper estuary, whereas in Paranaguá a high SPM content with low metal concentration was found, following the common pattern generally found in other marine systems subject to heavy rainfall events

Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo safety of the by-product of Agave sisalana as a new cosmetic raw material: development and clinical evaluation of a nanoemulsion to improve skin moisturizing

Agave sisalana (sisal) is the important global source of hard fiber, which is widely used in the production of wires, ropes, and handicrafts. The decortication process of the A. sisalana leaf produces large amounts of by-product that is discarded and can cause environmental damage. Studies have shown the potential of the by-product of A. sisalana in different applications. The aim of this study was to obtain a polysaccharide-enriched fraction (EF) from the by-product of A. sisalana, assess its safety in vitro and in vivo, to develop a cosmetic nanoemulsion and to evaluate its moisturizing clinical efficacy. EF was obtained and total sugar, total phenolic, and protein content were quantified. The safety of EF was determined using in vitro and in vivo assays. Nanoemulsions were developed and their stability evaluated for 90 days at different temperature conditions. The clinical moisturizing efficacy was evaluated by biophysical techniques using capacitance measurement and transepidermal Water loss. The fraction exhibited high concentrations of sugar (65.49 +/- 0.51%) and the presence of phenolic compounds (2.53 +/- 0.04%) as well as protein (0.04 +/- 0.01%). The EF did not exhibit potential cytotoxic or phototoxic effects and did not present the potential to induce skin irritant reaction in clinical tests. Nanoemulsion containing 40% oil phase, 50% aqueous phase and 10% surfactants, added fraction or not (vehicle), was stable for 90 days. The nanoemulsion containing 0.5% of the fraction increased the water content of stratum cornetun by 10.13% vs. vehicle and by 19.28% vs. baseline values and maintained skin barrier function after 5 h of a single application. The EF obtained from the industrial by-product of A. sisalana demonstrated a promising profile as a moisturizing cosmetic raw material. This is important because it shows the possibility to increase the commercial value to the industrial by-product of sisal, and thus reduce the environmental impact caused by the disposal of this material