Açores, um destino cultural e paisagístico sustentável

A dissertação em ênfase procura demonstrar a validade da simbiose existente entre a cultura e a natureza e a sua potencialidade em termos de comercialização turística neste caso aplicado à realidade turística do Destino Açores. Assim sendo, a investigação prende-se por aferir os benefícios que a introdução do produto Touring Cultural e Paisagístico acarreta e a sugestão de modelos de aplicação para a sua viabilização considerando as vertentes inerentes ao princípio da sustentabilidade, a ecológica nomeadamente a salvaguarda dos recursos naturais, a económica visando a sustentabilidade da oferta turística e a sociocultural levando ao envolvimento da população local com a actividade turística. O estudo analisou a opinião dos intervenientes turísticos do subsector dos operadores turísticos e agências de viagens e dos responsáveis das instituições culturais. A finalidade da investigação foi perceber o estado actual do turismo na região, os factores imprescindíveis para a sustentabilidade e diversificação da oferta turística, o que falta aos Açores para potencializar novos produtos. De que forma o Touring Cultural e Paisagístico pode diversificar a oferta turística, a interpretação turística através dos guias intérpretes regionais e da população local e o que falta no interface entre o turismo e a cultura.The dissertation seeks to demonstrate the validity of the symbiosis between nature and culture and its economic and marketing potential applied to the Azores tourism destination reality. Thus, the research aims to assess the benefits of the introduction of the Cultural & Landscape Touring and develop conceptual models for its application according to sustainability principles, namely environmental protection of natural resources, economic sustainability of tourism supply and through involvement of local communities with tourism activities associated with the socio-cultural pillar. The purpose of the research was also to analyse the current state of tourism in the region, to identify the key factors for the diversification and sustainability of tourism supply, understand the lack of development of different tourism products in the Azores region and how Cultural & Landscape Touring could fulfil this gap. As well as, how local communities and regional tour guides involvement could contribute in tourism enhancement and identify the main gaps in the interface between tourism and culture. Concerning data collection, stakeholders linked to travel agencies and tour operators, as well as, local cultural institutions were inquired. Unfortunately the dimension of the sample study was reduced due to the reluctance of many contacted stakeholders to participate. An inventory of cultural and natural resources of Ponta Delgada’s Heritage Centre in S. Miguel island performed, enable us to argue the potential of such resources although a lack of correct resource aggregation in a tourism product was identified

Chromosomal analyses of Salticinae and Lyssomaninae reveal a broad occurrence of the 2n male=28, X(1)X(2)0 karyotype within Salticidae

Brazil possesses the richest fauna of Salticidae in the world, including 560 specieshowever, no representative of the Brazilian fauna has been cytogenetically analyzed up to now. It has been demonstrated that karyotype data are a useful source for discussions on the phylogeny and chromosome differentiation of some salticid lineages. In this work, the first chromosome study of salticid species from Brazil is presented, with the addition of five genera to the 38 previously investigated worldwide. The analysis of mitotic and/or meiotic cells revealed 2n male = 28, X(1)X(2)0 in Asaracus sp., Coryphasia sp., Chira sp., Frigga quintensis (Tullgren, 1905), and Lyssomanes pauper Mello-Leitao, 1945. This karyotype constitution is the most common for Salticidae, occurring in species of distinct clades. The diploid number 2n female = 28 observed in Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 1826) is unexpected, differing in one autosomal pair from the karyotype previously registered for males of the same species. The cytogenetic information reported here reinforces the wide occurence of 2n male = 28, X(1)X(2)0 within Salticidae, including species belonging to different clades and biogeographical regions. This karyotype is a shared character of Salticidae + Philodromidae, found exclusively in these families within Dionycha, suggesting its sister relationship already proposed in the literature.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, CNPqFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESPUniv Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Setor Biol Geral, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Saude, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, BrazilUniv Estadual Mato Grosso do Sul, UEMS, Unidade Univ Ivinhema, BR-79740000 Ivinhema, MS, BrazilUniv Estadual Mato Grosso do Sul, UEMS, Unidade Univ Mundo Novo, BR-79790000 Mundo Novo, MS, BrazilInst Butantan, Lab Especial Colecoes Zool, Av Vital Brasil 1500, BR-05503900 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Ciencias Biol, Av Prof Artur Riedel 275, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Ciencias Biol, Av Prof Artur Riedel 275, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, BrazilCNPq: 471821/2008-0CNPq: 303028/2014-9FAPESP: 2011/21643-1Web of Scienc

Chromosomes of Theridiidae spiders (Entelegynae): Interspecific karyotype diversity in Argyrodes and diploid number intraspecific variability in Nesticodes rufipes

Theridiidae is a derived family within the Araneoidea clade. In contrast to closely related groups, the 2n(male) = 20+X1 X 2 with acro/telocentric chromosomes is the most widespread karyotype among the theridiid spiders. In this work, the cytogenetic analysis of Argyrodes elevatus revealed original chromosome features different from those previously registered for Theridiidae, including the presence of 2n(male) = 20+X with meta/submetacentric chromosomes. Most individuals of Nesticodes rufipes showed family conserved karyotype characteristics. However, one individual had a 2n(male) = 24 due to the presence of an extra chromosome pair, which exhibited regular behavior and reductional segregation during meiosis. After silver staining, mitotic cells exhibited NORs localized on the terminal regions of the short arms of pairs 2, 3, and 4 of A. elevatus and on the terminal regions of long arms of pair 4 of N. rufipes. The comparative analysis with data from phylogenetically related species allowed the clarification of the origin of the interspecific and intraspecific chromosome variability observed in Argyrodes and in N. rufipes, respectively

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Mecanismos de diferenciação cromossômica em 13 espécies de Elateridae (Coleoptera, polyphaga) estabelecidos através da análise de células mitóticas e meióticas

O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar citogeneticamente 13 espécies da família Elateridae, pertencentes à subfamília Agrypninae, tribo Conoderini (Conoderus dimidiatus, Conoderus fuscofasciatus, Conoderus malleatus, Conoderus rufidens, Conoderus scalaris, Conoderus stigmosus, Conoderus ternarius e Conoderus sp.), subfamília Agrypninae, tribo Pyrophorini (Pyrearinus candelarius, Pyrophorus divergens e Pyrophorus puncatissimus), e subfamília Elaterinae, tribo Agriotini (Cardiorhinus rufilateris e Pomachilus sp.2), visando estabelecer as principais estratégias de diferenciação cromossômica que ocorreram nestas espécies. Através da análise de células testiculares meióticas foi possível notar que as 13 espécies de Elateridae apresentam cromossomos com comportamento regular durante a meiose e que o bivalente sexual neoXY de Conoderus stigmosus possui um quiasma terminal. As principais estratégias de diferenciação cromossômica detectadas nas espécies de Elateridae são apresentadas e discutidas neste trabalho.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Cytogenetic characterization of a sexual population of the brazilian scorpion tityus serrulatus (buthidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, DiademaUniversidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Floriano, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, DiademaFAPESP: 2011/21643-1Web of Scienc

Karyotype plasticity in crickets: Numerical, morphological, and nucleolar organizer region distribution pattern of Anurogryllus sp.

Within the Orthopteran species, those of the suborder Ensifera have been rarely studied from the cytogenetic point of view, mainly due to the difficulties for taxonomic identification of its species. The Gryllidae is the second largest family of this suborder and possesses some genera, such as Anurogryllus, that occur only on the American continents. The aim of this work was to determine the karyotype characteristics, the meiotic chromosome behaviour, and the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) pattern of Anurogryllus sp (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). In the analyzed sample, high levels of numerical, morphological, and NORs polymorphisms were detected. Within five distinct karyotypes that were found, the basic karyotype of Anurogryllus sp. showed 2n(male) = 22 + X0 with acrocentric autosomes and a metacentric X sex chromosome; furthermore, a conspicuous secondary constriction related to the NOR was present along the entire short arm on pair 5. The other four types of karyotypes arose from centric fusions between elements of pairs 1/3, 2/6, 4/7 and a NOR partial translocation from pair 5 onto the long arm terminal region of one element of the fused pair 2/6. Such intraspecific variability and the consequences of high levels of polymorphism are discussed, leading to conjectures about the mechanisms that led to these chromosome rearrangements.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Biol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Geral, Vicosa, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, Inst Biociencias, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Biol, Sao Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 06/53275-3Web of Scienc