ASHY DERMATOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH ORAL ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Dermatose cinzenta ou eritema discrômico persistente (EDP) é uma síndrome clínica de classificação controversa. A condição é rara no Brasil. Foi descrita inicialmente em El Salvador, mas também tem sido encontra- da em vários países da América do Sul e em outras regiões do mundo. Sua etiologia é desconhecida, porém alguns autores acreditam que ela representa uma apresentação difusa de erupção medicamentosa fixa, enquanto outros a consideram como uma variante do líquen plano pigmentoso por apresentar achados histopatológicos semelhantes. Clinicamente apresenta-se com lesões na forma de numerosas máculas cinza de tamanhos variados. Não há trata- mento eficaz até o momento, no entanto, os benefícios foram relatados com o uso de clofazimina. Neste relato de caso, os autores descrevem um caso de ashy dermatose associada ao uso de inibidores específicos da recaptação da serotonina. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Dermatose cinzenta; Eritema; Hiperpigmentação; Líquen plano. Ashy dermatosis or erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) is a clinical syndrome with a controversial classification. The condition is rare in Brazil. It was initially reported in El Salvador but has also been found in several South American countries and in other regions of the world. Its etiology is unknown; however, some authors believe that it represents a diffuse presentation of fixed drug eruption, while others consider it to be a variant of lichen planus pigmentosus in view of the similar histopathological findings. Clinically, the condition presents with lesions in the form of numerous gray macules of varying sizes. There is no effective treatment to date; however, benefits have been repor- ted with the use of clofazimine. In this report, the authors describe a case of ashy dermatosis associated with the use of serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors. KEYWORDS – Skin diseases; Erythema; Hyperpigmentation; Drug eruptions; Lichen planus.

OCULAR ROSACEA – BLEPHARITIS UNCOMMON IN CHILDREN

Rosácea é uma doença de etiologia desconhecida que envolve tanto a pele como o olho. Há uma alta frequência de manifestações oculares nos pacientes com rosácea, sendo os sinais e sintomas relacionados com a disfunção das glândulas de Meibomius as principais manifestações. Relatamos um caso de uma criança do sexo mas- culino com blefarite unilateral. Devido à lesão ser recorrente, de início na infância, o paciente apresentar exames la- boratoriais normais e ausência de lesões na área facial central, a biópsia foi necessária para o diagnóstico. O exame histopatológico revelou acantose, dilatação dos capilares e vênulas na derme papilar e reticular, infiltrado linfocitário perivascular e intersticial. Este caso ilustra um achado sutil de rosácea que pode ser extremamente importante para o diagnóstico precoce e acompanhamento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Acne rosácea; Doenças das palpebras; Glândulas meibomianas; Blefarite; Criança. Rosacea is a disease of unknown etiology which affects both the skin and the eye. There is high rate of ocular manifestations in patients with rosacea, whose signs and symptoms are related to the dysfunction of Meibomius glands. We report a case of a male child with unilateral blepharitis. Due to the injury is recurrent, childhood-onset, the patient had normal laboratory tests and in the absence of central facial lesions, biopsy was required for diagnosis. His- topathological examination revealed acanthosis, dilated capillaries and venules in the papillary and reticular dermis, perivascular and interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate. This case illustrates a subtle finding that rosacea can be extremely important for early diagnosis and monitoring. KEYWORDS – Rosacea; Eyelid diseases; Meibomian glands; Blepharitis; Child.

DOENÇA DE BOWEN PIGMENTADA - UMA APRESENTAÇÃO INCOMUM

Bowen's disease consists of a squamous cell carcinoma in situ and the pigmented form of the disease is an unusual presentation. The authors describe a case of pigmented Bowen's disease in a male patient, 56 years, with an asymptomatic hyperpigmented plaque on the anterior surface of the right thigh for 10 years. Histopathological examination showed atypical keratinocytes on the entire epidermis with loss of polarity, melanin pigmentation in the basal layer and lichenoid lymphocytic infiltrate. A complete excision of the lesion with wide margins was made with no recurrence. Although relatively rare, pigmented Bowen's disease should always be remembered and included in the differential diagnosis of melanoma and other pigmented lesions.KEYWORDS – Bowen’s Disease; Skin pigmentation; Sunlight.A doença de Bowen consiste em um carcinoma de células escamosas in situ sendo a forma pigmentada da doença uma apresentação incomum. Os autores descrevem um caso de doença de Bowen Pigmentada em um paciente do sexo masculino, 56 anos, com lesão em placa hipercrômica e assintomática na superfície anterior da coxa direita há 10 anos. O exame histopatológico evidenciou queratinócitos atípicos em toda extensão da epiderme com perda de polaridade, pigmentação melânica na camada basal e infiltrado linfocitário liquenóide. Foi realizada excisão completa da lesão com margem ampla não havendo recidiva. Apesar de relativamente rara, a doença de Bowen variante pigmentada deve ser sempre lembrada e incluída no diagnóstico diferencial do melanoma, assim como outras lesões pigmentadas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Doença de Bowen; Pigmentação; Exposição solar

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical forest ecology

In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance distribution remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of important constraints via predictions using least biased probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest types and thirteen functional traits, representing major global axes of plant strategies. Results show that constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera explain eight times more of local relative abundances than constraints based on directional selection for specific functional traits, although the latter does show clear signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a quantitative insight by inference from large-scale data using cross-disciplinary methods, furthering our understanding of ecological dynamics

Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical forest ecology

In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance distribution remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of important constraints via predictions using least biased probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest types and thirteen functional traits, representing major global axes of plant strategies. Results show that constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera explain eight times more of local relative abundances than constraints based on directional selection for specific functional traits, although the latter does show clear signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a quantitative insight by inference from large-scale data using cross-disciplinary methods, furthering our understanding of ecological dynamics

Author correction: One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains

In the version of the article initially published, the affiliation of Edgardo Manuel Latrubesse was incorrect and has now been amended to Environmental Sciences Graduate Program-CIAMB, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil in the HTML and PDF versions of the article

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution