Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Pain Level, Functionality, and Rating of Exertion of Elderly Obese Knee Osteoarthritis Individuals: A Randomized Study

Introduction: Among chronic diseases, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a joint disease that causes important progressive alterations in the articular and periarticular structures, including synovial inflammation. Exercise has been suggested as an intervention to KOA individuals, and studies suggest that whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise decreases pain levels and favours the functionality of KOA individuals. Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze the acute effects of WBV exercise on pain levels, functionality (Timed Up and Go (TUG test), anterior trunk flexion (ATF)), and rating of exertion of elderly obese KOA individuals. Methods: Thirty-seven individuals with KOA were allocated to a WBV exercise group (WBVEG), n = 19 (15 females/4 males), and a control group (CG), n = 18 (15 females/3 males). WBVEG performed one session of WBV exercise (11 min, using 5 Hz, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mm, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.37 g). Three bouts were performed (working time of 3 min and rest time of 1 min) using a side-alternating vibrating platform (VP). The same position was used in CG; however, the VP was turned off and there was equipment coupled to the VP that emitted a sound like the vibrations. The pain level was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Functionality was evaluated with a TUG test and ATF. The rating of subjectively perceived exertion was measured with the category ratio CR-10 (BORG Scale CR-10), Results: A reduction of pain levels in WBVEG after the intervention (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.041) was found. A decrease of TUG test time in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.045) was found, while no statistical changes were observed in the Borg Scale score. Significant improvements of flexibility in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.043) were found. Conclusion: One session of WBV exercise can lead to important improvements in individuals with KOA, possibly triggered by physiological responses. However, more studies are needed, in this clinical context, to confirm these results

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Padrões hemodinâmicos hepáticos na esteatose não alcóolica: avaliação pela ultrassonografia com doppler e estudo histológico

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition and frequently diagnosed in ultrasonography (US). Bidimensional ultrasonography steatosis grading is subjective and subject to interobserver and intraobserver variability. Hepatic biopsy is the standard diagnostic method, but its indication has some controversies. For clinical practice, noninvasive, objective and reproducible steatosis quantification is necessary. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of Doppler US indices of the three major hepatic vessels in steatosis diagnosis and grading, having histological study as reference. Doppler US was performed in 98 volunteers, including 49, with NAFLD who were submitted to liver biopsy. The other 49, without steatosis in US and without risk factors for NAFLD, were included as the healthy group and were not submitted to biopsy due to ethical reasons. Portal venous pulsatility index (PVI) was calculated by subtracting the minimal peak of portal velocity from the maximum peak and dividing the result by the maximum peak. Right hepatic vein waveform pattern (HVWP) was classified as monophasic, biphasic or triphasic. Hepatic artery resistance index (HARI) was calculated by subtracting end diastolic velocity from systolic peak velocity and dividing the result by systolic peak velocity. Hepatic artery pulsatility index (HAPI) was calculated subtracting end diastolic velocity from systolic peak velocity and dividing the result by mean velocity. Hepatic biopsy specimens were classified in mild steatosis (less than 33% of fatty hepatocytes), moderate (33 to 66%) and severe (more than 66%). Inflammation and fibrosis were classified according to intensity and localization in hepatic acini. PVI had inverse and significant correlation with steatosis presence in biopsy (r= - 0.69; p <0.0001). PVI media and standard deviation in healthy group was 0.35 ±0.08 and in steatosis group was 0.21±0.10 (p<0.0001). HVWP was predominantly triphasic in healthy group and in mild steatosis subgroup while monophasic pattern was the most frequent in moderate and severe steatosis. HARI and HAPI did not distinguish healthy from steatosis group. None of the indices significantly correlated with steatosis grading. Hemodynamic changes in portal and hepatic veins allow noninvasive steatosis diagnoses. In order to improve diagnostic capacity, a discriminant function was obtained using these two parameters, resulting in improvement of Doppler specificity, sensibility and accuracy for steatosis diagnostic. This is a simple and clinical applicable analysis. Doppler indices have limitations in quantifying steatosis as in diagnosing inflammation and fibrosis.Mestre em Ciências da SaúdeA doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) é prevalente e frequentemente diagnosticada à ultrassonografia (US). A gradação da esteatose pela US bidimensional é subjetiva e sujeita à variabilidade inter e intra-observador. A biópsia hepática é o método diagnóstico padrão, havendo, porém, controvérsias sobre sua indicação. É necessária, para a prática clínica, a quantificação não invasiva, objetiva e reprodutível da esteatose. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho dos índices do Doppler hepático dos três principais vasos no diagnóstico e gradação da esteatose, comparando-se com análise histológica. US com Doppler foi realizada em 98 voluntários, entre os quais 49, com DHGNA, foram submetidos à biópsia. Os demais 49, sem esteatose à US e sem fatores risco para DHGNA foram incluídos como controles e não submetidos à biópsia por motivos éticos. O índice de pulsatilidade venosa portal (IVP) foi calculado subtraindo-se o pico mínimo de velocidade portal do pico máximo e dividindo-se pelo pico máximo. A onda de velocidade de fluxo (OVF) da veia hepática direita foi classificada em monofásica, bifásica e trifásica. O índice de resistividade (IR) da artéria hepática foi calculado subtraindo-se a velocidade diastólica final do pico de velocidade sistólica e dividindo-se pelo pico de velocidade sistólica. O índice de pulsatilidade (IP) da artéria hepática foi calculado subtraindo-se a velocidade diastólica final do pico de velocidade sistólica e dividindo-se pela velocidade média. Os espécimes obtidos por biópsia hepática por agulha foram classificados em esteatose discreta (até 33% dos hepatócitos infiltrados por gordura), moderada (de 33 a 66%) e acentuada (mais de 66%). A fibrose e a inflamação foram classificadas segundo sua intensidade e localização no ácino hepático. O IVP apresentou correlação inversa e significante com a presença de esteatose à biópsia (r= -0,69; p <0,0001). A distribuição do padrão da OVF da veia hepática direita foi predominantemente trifásico nos controles e no subgrupo com esteatose discreta enquanto o padrão monofásico foi mais frequente na esteatose moderada e acentuada. IR e IP da artéria hepática não distinguiram grupo controle do grupo com esteatose. Nenhum dos índices correlacionou-se significativamente com a gradação da esteatose. As alterações hemodinâmicas das veias porta e hepática permitem o diagnóstico não invasivo da esteatose. Para melhorar a capacidade diagnóstica obteve-se uma função discriminante com estes dois parâmetros, que aumentou especificidade, sensibilidade e acurácia do Doppler para o diagnóstico de esteatose, com uma análise de simples realização e passível de aplicabilidade clínica. Os parâmetros hemodinâmicos estudados mostraram limitações para diagnóstico de inflamação, fibrose e para a gradação da esteatose

Mucosal Immunity in the Female Genital Tract, HIV/AIDS

Mucosal immunity consists of innate and adaptive immune responses which can be influenced by systemic immunity. Despite having been the subject of intensive studies, it is not fully elucidated what exactly occurs after HIV contact with the female genital tract mucosa. The sexual route is the main route of HIV transmission, with an increased risk of infection in women compared to men. Several characteristics of the female genital tract make it suitable for inoculation, establishment of infection, and systemic spread of the virus, which causes local changes that may favor the development of infections by other pathogens, often called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The relationship of these STDs with HIV infection has been widely studied. Here we review the characteristics of mucosal immunity of the female genital tract, its alterations due to HIV/AIDS, and the characteristics of coinfections between HIV/AIDS and the most prevalent STDs

Neonatal sepsis and inflammatory mediators

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva ([email protected]) on 2019-01-23T16:14:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Juliana Reis Machado - 2014.pdf: 1328366 bytes, checksum: ed7d2deca251f3f4502f8eb612322207 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2019-01-24T11:16:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Juliana Reis Machado - 2014.pdf: 1328366 bytes, checksum: ed7d2deca251f3f4502f8eb612322207 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-24T11:16:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Juliana Reis Machado - 2014.pdf: 1328366 bytes, checksum: ed7d2deca251f3f4502f8eb612322207 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-30Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and its signs and symptoms are nonspecific, which makes the diagnosis difficult. The routinely used laboratory tests are not effective methods of analysis, as they are extremely nonspecific and often cause inappropriate use of antibiotics. Sepsis is the result of an infection associated with a systemic inflammatory response with production and release of a wide range of inflammatory mediators. Cytokines are potent inflammatory mediators and their serum levels are increased during infections, so changes from other inflammatory effector molecules may occur. Although proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been identified as probable markers of neonatal infection, in order to characterize the inflammatory response during sepsis, it is necessary to analyze a panel of cytokines and not only the measurement of individual cytokines. Measurements of inflammatory mediators bring new options for diagnosing and following up neonatal sepsis, thus enabling early treatment and, as a result, increased neonatal survival. By taking into account the magnitude of neonatal sepsis, the aim of this review is to address the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of neonatal sepsis and its value as a diagnostic criterion