1,148 research outputs found

    Os novos desafios tecnológicos na reabilitação energética de paredes exteriores de edifícios

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    É um facto reconhecido pelos diversos actores do sector da construção que a reabilitação do parque habitacional português é necessária e que a sua importância na actividade global da construções de edifício deverá crescer, aproximando-se de valores praticados nos outros país a da União Europeia. A necessidade de travar o crescimento do consumos de energia para aquecimento (ou arrefecimento) nos edifícios e as evidentes melhorias do conforto de utilização que decorrem da "reabilitação energética" da envolvente fazem desta uma oportunidade a agarrar aquando de uma reabilitação funcional ou estética. O actual enquadramento regulamentar, a entrada em funcionamento do sistema de Certificação energética e da Qualidade do Ar Interior dos Edifícios (SCE) e as exigências globais de respeito pelo ambiente transformam essa oportunidade num imperativo. Há que identificar os desvios específicos que se colocam à concepção de soluções eficientes e inovadoras para reabilitação energética de paredes exteriores. A participação das autoras nos trabalhos da Agencia Internacional de Energia, IEA ECBCS Annex 50 - Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Renovation of Residential Buildings motivou a reflexão que agora se apresenta.A participação das autoras nos trabalhos da Agência InternacionaI de Energia, I EA ECBCS Annex 50 -Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Renavation of Residentia/ Buildings é levado a cabo no âmbito do projecto PTDC/ ECM/67373/2006 Reabilitação Energética de Edifícios financiado pela FCT à qual as autoras agradecem

    Cultivating the macroalgal holobiont: effects of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture on the microbiome of Ulva rigida (chlorophyta)

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    Ulva is a ubiquitous macroalgal genus of commercial interest. Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) systems promise large-scale production of macroalgae due to their high productivity and environmental sustainability. Complex host-microbiome interactions play a decisive role in macroalgal development, especially in Ulva spp. due to algal growth- and morphogenesis-promoting factors released by associated bacteria. However, our current understanding of the microbial community assembly and structure in cultivated macroalgae is scant. We aimed to determine (i) to what extent IMTA settings influence the microbiome associated with U. rigida and its rearing water, (ii) to explore the dynamics of beneficial microbes to algal growth and development under IMTA settings, and (iii) to improve current knowledge of host-microbiome interactions. We examined the diversity and taxonomic composition of the prokaryotic communities associated with wild versus IMTA-grown Ulva rigida and surrounding seawater by using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. With 3141 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), the prokaryotic richness was, overall, higher in water than in association with U. rigida. Bacterial ASVs were more abundant in aquaculture water samples than water collected from the lagoon. The beta diversity analysis revealed distinct prokaryotic communities associated with Ulva collected in both aquacultures and coastal waters. Aquaculture samples (water and algae) shared 22% of ASVs, whereas natural, coastal lagoon samples only 9%. While cultivated Ulva selected 239 (8%) host-specific ASVs, wild specimens possessed more than twice host-specific ASVs (17%). Cultivated U. rigida specimens enriched the phyla Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria. Within the Gammaproteobacteria, while Glaciecola mostly dominated the microbiome in cultivated algae, the genus Granulosicoccus characterized both Ulva microbiomes. In both wild and IMTA settings, the phylum Bacteroidetes was more abundant in the bacterioplankton than in direct association with U. rigida. However, we observed that the Saprospiraceae family within this phylum was barely present in lagoon water but very abundant in aquaculture water. Aquaculture promoted the presence of known morphogenesis-inducing bacteria in water samples. Our study suggests that IMTA significantly shaped the structure and composition of the microbial community of the rearing water and cultivated U. rigida. Detailed analysis revealed the presence of previously undetected taxa associated with Ulva, possessing potentially unknown functional traits.European Union (EU)642575; German Research Foundation (DFG) CRC 1127 ChemBioSys;COST Action "Phycomorph" FA1406info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Passive systems for buildings using buoyancy-driven airflows

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    The need for countries to become less dependent on fossil fuels has been a determining factor in recent years due to increasing energy and comfort concerns in modern building design. Therefore, the maximization of the use of renewable energies, like the sun, and the use of natural energy flows become strategies to explore. There are already passive building systems that show interesting performances. Different studies have proved that the above-mentioned systems can lead to important energy savings. However, these systems have their limitations and new innovative building solutions are needed, mainly in the field of passive solar energy collection and natural ventilation strategies. Furthermore, building envelopes face nowadays a new paradigm in which buildings need to be more reactive and adaptive to external climate changes and indoor thermal comfort demands. Hence, this paper makes a review of the most recent patents on building solar air systems that make use of solar energy to induce the buoyancy effect for heating, cooling and ventilating. The patents presented demonstrate the increasing tendency in the development of building passive solutions that can satisfy, in just one system, more than one role: heating, cooling and ventilation.The present paper was performed within the framework of a research project on Low Energy/High Comfort Building Renewal, PTDC/ECM/67373/2006, sponsored by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)

    La salud mental en los ancianos de la Región Autónoma de Madeira. Estudio piloto

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    La salud mental ha sido evaluada de acuerdo con la estructura propuesta por Ware & Veit (1), que incluye una dimensión positiva (el bienestar psicológico) y otra negativa (el distress psicológico). Este estudio piloto tiene como objetivo elaborar un protocolo para tipificar lasituación de la salud mental en la población anciana de la región. De los 63 ancianos seleccionados, a los que se les realizó el Mini Mental Health Examination, 47 integran la muestra. Todos tenían 65 años o más y residen en la comunidad. La casi totalidad era independiente en sus actividades básicas cotidianas. La puntuación media obtenida por los ancianos en el Inventario de Salud Mental fue superior a la obtenida por Ribeiro (2) en una muestra de jóvenes portugueses. El protocolo de investigación ha sido el adecuado. Los resultados nos han proporcionado una primera imagen de la salud mental en los ancianos de la RAM.Mental health was assessed in accordance with the structure proposed by Ware & Veit (1) which considers psychological well-being and distress. The purpose of this pilot study, carried out in Madeira Autonomous Region (RAM), was to validate the research protocol for characterising the mental health of the Region’s older people. Sixty three elders were chosen for the Mini Mental Health Examination and 47 of these were included in the sample. All of the people were aged 65 or older and lived in the community. Nearly all of the people could carry out basic daily life activities independently. The average points score found for the Mental Health Inventory shows that the mental health index of these older people is greater than that found by Ribeiro (2) in a sample of young Portuguese people. The research protocol was shown to be suitable. The results have provided us with an initial snap-shot of the mental health of the elders in Madeira.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Borders, Traps and Walls: Theoretical-methodological contributions to the debate about territory

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    This article addresses the principal theoretical-methodological matrixes of the debate about territory, considering studies from the fields of geography and the social sciences that are commonly used as references for understanding the issue in its broad epistemological spectrum. It is a detailed bibliographic study that indicates some frontiers, traps and walls that are subjacent to the theme. Territory rises as a key element in public polices and thus in social service, as a socio-historic construction of globalized capital in crisis in a situation of destruction of social guarantees, as a panacea to capitalist development in economically dependent countries. The articles raises the trends of this debate and shows how it can be constituted as a fundamental mediation in the analysis of the processes and flows found in social transformations and their space-time dialectic. Beyond abstract-formal and post-modern definitions, it is important to locate the theme of territory at the foundation of the class struggle that expresses social life in movement

    Aspectos morfológicos e ecofisiológicos de algumas halófitas do sapal da Ria de Aveiro

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    A grande importância ecológica e económica dos sapais da Ria de Aveiro e a necessidade de conhecer mais sobre a ecofisiologia das halófitas dominantes nestes habitats, motivaram o presente trabalho de investigação. Tendo como base o estudo das espécies das Chenopodiaceae mais abundantes no sapal desta laguna (Halimione portulacoides, Sarcocornia perennis subsp. perennis e Salicornia ramosissima) tentou-se encontrar resposta para algumas questões relacionadas com a morfologia e ecofisiologia destas espécies: importância dos atributos morfológicos; diferenças na morfologia, no padrão de distribuição e na tolerância ao NaCl entre populações e gerações de S. ramosissima; padrão de acumulação de nitrato nos diferentes órgãos e sua relação com a tolerância ao sal; grau de acumulação de nutrientes nas plantas e sedimento envolvente; importância das plantas nos processos de retenção e imobilização de metais pesados. Para a concretização deste estudo foram seleccionados 7 locais de amostragem, na zona de sapal, distribuídos pelos principais braços da Ria de Aveiro. Durante um ciclo anual foi efectuada uma amostragem mensal das várias espécies (raízes, caules, folhas e/ou artículos) assim como de sedimento envolvente. No sedimento, foi efectuada a determinação de alguns parâmetros fisico-químicos, nomeadamente, o conteúdo em água, pH, Eh, salinidade e matéria orgânica, bem como a determinação do grau de acumulação dos iões sódio, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e de alguns metais pesados (zinco, chumbo, cádmio, ferro e cobre). O material vegetal permitiu o registo de alguns parâmetros morfológicos, nomeadamente a cor e diâmetro dos artículos, suculência de folhas e artículos, bem como o grau de acumulação, nos diferentes órgãos, dos iões nitrato, cloreto, sódio, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e dos metais pesados analisados para o sedimento. Como complemento da amostragem de campo foi efectuada a monitorização de S. ramosissima: no campo, registou-se mensalmente, durante dois ciclos anuais consecutivos, alguns parâmetros morfológicos, tais como a cor e altura das plantas, número de nós do caule principal e número de ramos, diâmetro da área ramificada, além de dados relativos à densidade populacional; em estufa, plântulas provenientes do campo foram sujeitas, durante dez semanas a várias salinidades, registando-se semanalmente a sua altura e número de ramos. Os resultados obtidos permitem tecer algumas conclusões: • verifica-se uma maior variabilidade morfológica em S. perennis subsp. perennis e H. portulacoides do que em S. ramosissima; 8 • S. ramosissima desenvolve-se melhor em salinidades mais baixas mas é mais sodiofílica, apresentando uma maior acumulação dos iões Cl- e Na+; • as condições de arejamento do sedimento, a densidade populacional e a competição intra-específica e inter-específica, parecem ser igualmente importantes para a variabilidade morfológica; • não existe uma forte correlação entre a disponibilidade iónica do sedimento e a acumulação de iões nas várias espécies estudadas, o que sugere que a própria fisiologia das espécies se sobrepõe às condições do meio; • há retenção de metais pesados nos sedimentos dos locais estudados da Ria de Aveiro, em quantidades moderadas, sobretudo próximo das principais fontes poluidoras da laguna; • as espécies estudadas parecem ter a capacidade de regular a absorção de metais pesados, podendo ser usadas como biomonitores da quantidade de metal disponível para as plantas mas não das concentrações sedimentares; • este trabalho aponta para a importância dos sapais como descontaminantes de ecossistemas lagunares e estuarinos, não só pela retenção de alguns metais no sedimento como também nas plantas vasculares.The ecological and economical importance of the Ria de Aveiro salt marsh and the need to have information on the ecophysiology of its dominant halophytes motivated the present research. Morphological and ecophysiological aspects of the most abundant species of Chenopodiaceae inhabiting the salt marshes of this coastal lagoon (Halimione portulacoides, Sarcocornia perennis subsp. perennis and Salicornia ramosissima) were studied: the importance of morphological characteristics; differences between different populations, and between different generations, of S. ramosissima for the distribution pattern, morphology and NaCl tolerance; nitrate accumulation patterns in different organs and their relation to salt tolerance; degree of accumulation of nutrients in the plants and in the surrounding sediment; the role played by the plants in the retention and immobilisation of heavy metals. Seven sampling sites were selected in the salt marsh areas of the main branches of Ria de Aveiro. Sampling of the species studied was undertaken every month for one annual cycle. Several plant parts were collected (roots, stems, leaves and/or articles), as well as the sediment surrounding them. Several parameters were determined in the sediment, namely water content, pH, Eh, salinity, organic matter content, the concentrations of the ions sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and of the heavy metals zinc, lead, cadmium, iron and copper. In the plant material, the following parameters were determined: morphological characters, such as the colour and diameter of the articles, succulence of leafs and segments, and the accumulation, in different organs, of the ions nitrate, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the same heavy metals analysed in the sediment. As a complement to sampling, some morphological parameters of S. ramosissima were measured in the field for two consecutive annual cycles, namely colour and height of the plants, number of nodes in the main stem, number of branches, diameter of the branching area, and population density. In addition, seedlings were brought into the laboratory, submitted to different salinities for ten weeks in greenhouse conditions, and their height and number of branches registered weekly. The following conclusions were drawn: • the species S. perennis subsp. perennis and H. portulacoides showed greater morphological variability than S. ramosissima; • Salicornia ramosissima developed better in low salinity, but accumulated a greater amount of chloride and sodium ions; • morphological variability is also under the control of sediment 10 airing, population density and competition, both intra- and interspecific; • the weak correlation between the availability of ions in the sediment and ion accumulation in the plants suggests that the physiology of these species is more important than the environmental conditions; • moderate amounts of heavy metals are retained in the sediments of the sampling sites selected for this study, especially in those near the sources of pollution; • the studied species seem able to regulate the absorption of heavy metals, and they may be used as biomonitors for the amount of metal ions available for the plants, although not for their concentration in the sediment; • this study points out the importance of salt marshes for the decontamination of estuarine and lagunar ecosystems, due to the retention of some metals in the sediments and in vascular plants

    Território e produção do espaço no contexto da ideologia neodesenvolvimentista no Brasil

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    O artigo objetiva problematizar a ampliação do debate da categoria Território no contexto das políticas sociais na fase do Capitalismo Maduro ou Tardio. Priorizou-se retomar a crítica ao desenvolvimento das políticas sociais neoliberais no Brasil, marcado pela inserção dependente e subordinada à dinâmica do capital, a partir da reflexão acerca da produção do espaço. Adotou-se como recorte a abordagem crítica ao tema do Território, como este é tratado nos documentos do governo e orientações político-normativas, que evidenciam nesta quadra histórica, o direcionamento neoliberal das políticas sociais. Buscou-se analisar as tendências e contradições presentes na direção social deste debate, fortemente influenciado pelo discurso neodesenvolvimentista do Estado para gerir as expressões da Questão Social

    O Trabalho Mediado pelas Tecnologias da Informação e seus Efeitos Sobre o Trabalhador

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    O presente artigo prope uma reflexo sobre o trabalho mediado pelas tecnologias de informao e comunicao (TIC) e diferentes dimenses da vida do trabalhador que so, por elas, afetadas. De forma sucinta, so apresentados os principais resultados da pesquisa desenvolvida para uma tese de doutorado, j defendida, no campo da Cincia da Informao. Por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e, baseadas em mtodos qualitativos de investigao cientfica, destacaram-se como variveis comprometidas pelo trabalho mediado por TIC: tempo e espao, invaso de espaos privados pelo trabalho, construo da identidade, sociabilidade, sade fsica e psquica, formas de controle e relaes de dominao, perdas no uso da informao, bem como a ausncia de regulamentao do trabalho para essa modalidade. A pesquisa evidenciou a interao existente entre essas variveis e, ainda, a necessidade de abordagem em diferentes reas do conhecimento para que se possa dar conta da anlise do problema em sua amplitude

    Interactive, illustrated, plant identification keys: an example for the Portuguese flora

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    At the University of Aveiro, a multimedia tool was developed to help the teaching of botany [1], [2]. It includes a Dichotomous Interactive Key (DIK), for 390 taxa of vascular plants occurring at “Ria de Aveiro” lagoon system. This key is linked to two different glossaries, one descriptive, the other illustrated. At the end of the identification process, the student is conducted to a webpage including photographs, descriptions and other relevant information about the taxa. The students considered it “very useful”, and the successful identifications increased in the assessment tests in the two years after the introduction of the DIK. This seem to be an effective tool in the teaching of botany, namely in plant identification at secondary and post-secondary level

    The International Year of Planet Earth in Portugal : past activities and further developments

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    The Portuguese National Committee for the IYPE was created in the framework of the Portuguese National Commission for UNESCO, in April 2007. The Committee incorporated the contributions of 220 private and public organizations, mainly municipalities and educational institutions of all levels, and sponsored more than 500 activities since then. The Scientific Programme emphasized relevant cooperation between Earth scientists from the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries, under the guidance of their National Committees (Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde and Mozambique). In consideration of the community of 230 million Portuguese speaking people, the Portuguese National Committee translated and printed the twelve brochures produced by IUGS- UNESCO, posted them on the official website (www.anoplaneta-terra.org), and supported several editions also in Braille, in order to make Earth sciences readily accessible to all citizens. As a result of these accomplishments during the IYPE triennium (2007-2009), the Portuguese National Committee was invited by the UNESCO-IUGS Corporation to co-organize Planet Earth Lisbon ́09, the Global Closure Event of the IYPE, which took place in Lisbon, 20th to 22nd November 2009
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