University libraries and public libraries: collaborate to provide access to information for all

University libraries all over the world have managed to acquire access to large databases of scientific information. And many have set up repositories as ‘green road open access’ to assure free access to their own published academic output. And in order to pave the way for ‘golden road open access’ in the longer term. How could these efforts also be profitable for public libraries? Many of them are targeting their services to new user groups. Like professionals in many disciplines, who would be very interested to be able to get access to academic information via the public library? And even the general public, being the traditional public library user, has a growing interest in academic information. University libraries could address access for a general public already during their negotiations with publishers. At the same time public libraries could profile themselves towards university libraries as a stepping stone to reach a broader audience and fulfil the demand in academia to create more social and economic value with their scientific results. When looking at technical university libraries the public library could be used as an easy entrance to get more people interested in technical sciences and as a means to attract more students. The public library will develop into a natural channel for these efforts when both types of library will learn to collaborate more

Knowledge Management: Old news !?

Knowledge management is a popular subject in management and management literature: many authors unfold theories on knowledge management and organisations are keen to show how up-to-date they are in applying knowledge management. The role of the library in organisations working with knowledge management is also described in the professional literature - this usually concerns libraries of large commercial organisations and especially consultancy firms. The application of knowledge management in universities, let alone the role of university libraries in that area, is not often described in the literature. In search for ways to fulfil this need I found that not very much is known about knowledge sharing in universities and their libraries. This led to the idea to do some research into this phenomenon

Starvation combined with constant anode potential triggers intracellular electron storage in electro-active biofilms

The accumulation of electrons in the form of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and poly-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) has been studied in anaerobic processes by adjusting the access of microorganisms to the electron donor and final electron acceptor. In Bio-electrochemical systems (BESs), intermittent anode potential regimes have also recently been used to study electron storage in anodic electro-active biofilms (EABfs), but the effect of electron donor feeding mode on electron storage has not been explored. Therefore, in this study, the accumulation of electrons in the form of EPS and PHA was studied as a function of the operating conditions. EABfs were grown under both constant and intermittent anode potential regimes and fed with acetate (electron donor) continuously or in batch. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to assess electron storage. The range of Coulombic efficiencies, from 25 to 82%, and the biomass yields, between 10 and 20%, indicate that storage could have been an alternative electron consuming process. From image processing, a 0.92 pixel ratio of poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and amount of cells was found in the batch fed EABf grown under a constant anode potential. This storage was linked to the presence of living Geobacter and shows that energy gain and carbon source starvation were the triggers for intracellular electron storage. The highest EPS content (extracellular storage) was observed in the continuously fed EABf under an intermittent anode potential, showing that constant access to electron donor and intermittent access to the electron acceptor leads to the formation of EPS from the excess energy gained. Tailoring operating conditions can thus steer the microbial community and result in a trained EABf to perform a desired biological conversion, which can be beneficial for a more efficient and optimized BES.</p

Changing patterns of undiagnosed HIV infection in the Netherlands: Who benefits most from intensified HIV test and treat policies?

Objectives: To estimate HIV prevalence, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and the undiagnosed proportion in the Netherlands for 2012, and to compare these with published 2007 estimates. Design: Synthesis of all available data sources. Methods: Multi-Parameter Evidence Synthesis (MPES) was used to obtain estimates in mutually exclusive key populations at higher risk in three geographical regions (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, rest of the Netherlands). Data sources included HIV prevalence surveys, diagnoses at STI clinics, and registered cases in HIV care. Group specific estimates were reported as Bayesian posterior medians and 95% credible intervals (CrI). Results: The 2012 model estimated 24,350 PLWHA (95% CrI 20,420-31,280) aged 15-70 years; 2,906 (+14%) more than in 2007. The estimated population HIV prevalence was 0.20% (95% CrI 0.17-0.26%). The overall proportion of undiagnosed HIV was lower in 2012 (34%, 95% CrI 22-49%) compared to 2007 (40%, 95% CrI 25-55%). After MSM, migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean formed the largest groups of PLWHA, but proportions of undiagnosed HIV remained high in these groups, 48% and 44% respectively. Amsterdam had lowest proportions undiagnosed for most key populations at higher risk, including MSM and migrants. Conclusions: In 2012, the number of PLWHA was higher compared to 2007, while the proportion of undiagnosed HIV was lower, especially among MSM. Higher HIV testing rates, earlier treatment, and an improved life expectancy may explain these differences. HIV interventions need to be expanded in all key populations at higher risk, with special focus on migrants and key populationsliving outside of Amsterdam. Copyright

Reinfection by untreated partners of people treated for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: mathematical modelling study

OBJECTIVES Reinfection after treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae reduces the effect of control interventions. We explored the impact of delays in treatment of current partners on the expected probability of reinfection of index cases using a mathematical model. METHODS We used previously reported parameter distributions to calculate the probability that index cases would be reinfected by their untreated partners. We then assumed different delays between index case and partner treatment to calculate the probabilities of reinfection. RESULTS In the absence of partner treatment, the medians of the expected reinfection probabilities are 19.4% (IQR 9.2-31.6%) for C trachomatis and 12.5% (IQR 5.6-22.2%) for N gonorrhoeae. If all current partners receive treatment 3 days after the index case, the expected reinfection probabilities are 4.2% (IQR 2.1-6.9%) for C trachomatis and 5.5% (IQR 2.6-9.5%) for N gonorrhoeae. CONCLUSIONS Quicker partner referral and treatment can substantially reduce reinfection rates for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae by untreated partners. The formula we used to calculate reinfection rates can be used to inform the design of randomised controlled trials of novel partner notification technologies like accelerated partner therapy

Generación automática de reglas de categorización de texto en un método híbrido basado en aprendizaje

En este artículo se evalúan diferentes técnicas para la generación automática de reglas que se emplean en un método híbrido de categorización automática de texto. Este método combina un algoritmo de aprendizaje computacional con diferentes sistemas basados en reglas en cascada empleados para el filtrado y reordenación de los resultados proporcionados por dicho modelo base. Aquí se describe una implementación realizada mediante el algoritmo kNN y un lenguaje básico de reglas basado en listas de términos que aparecen en el texto a clasificar. Para la evaluación se utiliza el corpus de noticias Reuters-21578. Los resultados demuestran que los métodos de generación de reglas propuestos producen resultados muy próximos a los obtenidos con la aplicación de reglas generadas manualmente y que el sistema híbrido propuesto obtiene una precisión y cobertura comparables a la de los mejores métodos del estado del arte

Molecular characterization of a gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) muscle tissue cDNA for carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B)

Understanding the control of piscine fatty acid metabolism is important for determining the nutritional requirements of fish, and hence for the production of optimal aquaculture diets. The regulation and expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1; EC No 2.3.1.21) are critical processes in the control fatty acid metabolism, and here we report a cDNA from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) which encodes a protein with high identity to vertebrate CPT1. This sea bream CPT1 mRNA is predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle, with little expression in other tissues. Phylogenetic analysis of other vertebrate CPT1 sequences show that fish genomes contain a single gene related to mammalian CPT1B, and a further two multi-gene families related to mammalian CPT1A. Genes related to mammalian CPT1C are absent in fish. Therefore, based on both functional and evolutionary orthology to mammalian CPT1B, the sea bream CPT1 reported here is a CPT1B isoform. Sea bream CPT1B mRNA expression progressively decreases in heart and muscle up to 12 hours after last feeding, but returns to initial, non-fasted levels after 72 hours. In contrast, in liver non-fasted expression is low, but strongly increases at 24 and 72 hours after last feeding. In white muscle and liver, CPT1B mRNA expression is highly correlated with the expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor ı (PPARı).Thus fatty acid metabolism by CPT1B and its control by PPARs is similar in fish and mammals, but multiple genes for CPT1A-like proteins in fish also suggest different and more complex pathways of lipid utilisation than in mammals

Quantum numbers of the X(3872)X(3872) state and orbital angular momentum in its ρ0Jψ\rho^0 J\psi decay

Angular correlations in $B^+\to X(3872) K^+$ decays, with $X(3872)\to \rho^0 J/\psi$, $\rho^0\to\pi^+\pi^-$ and $J/\psi \to\mu^+\mu^-$, are used to measure orbital angular momentum contributions and to determine the $J^{PC}$ value of the $X(3872)$ meson. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector. This determination, for the first time performed without assuming a value for the orbital angular momentum, confirms the quantum numbers to be $J^{PC}=1^{++}$. The $X(3872)$ is found to decay predominantly through S wave and an upper limit of $4\%$ at $95\%$ C.L. is set on the fraction of D wave.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure