Real-world data using mHealth apps in rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and their multimorbidities

Digital health is an umbrella term which encompasses eHealth and benefits from areas such as advanced computer sciences. eHealth includes mHealth apps, which offer the potential to redesign aspects of healthcare delivery. The capacity of apps to collect large amounts of longitudinal, real-time, real-world data enables the progression of biomedical knowledge. Apps for rhinitis and rhinosinusitis were searched for in the Google Play and Apple App stores, via an automatic market research tool recently developed using JavaScript. Over 1500 apps for allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis were identified, some dealing with multimorbidity. However, only six apps for rhinitis (AirRater, AllergyMonitor, AllerSearch, Husteblume, MASK-air and Pollen App) and one for rhinosinusitis (Galenus Health) have so far published results in the scientific literature. These apps were reviewed for their validation, discovery of novel allergy phenotypes, optimisation of identifying the pollen season, novel approaches in diagnosis and management (pharmacotherapy and allergen immunotherapy) as well as adherence to treatment. Published evidence demonstrates the potential of mobile health apps to advance in the characterisation, diagnosis and management of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis patients.Peer reviewe

Impacts of soil conditions and light availability on natural regeneration of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in low-elevation mountain forests

& Key message Natural regeneration of P. abies (L.) H. Karst. may reach high densities in lower mountain elevations. The highest densities were found in sites with moderate light availability, with low pH, and not near the riverbank. However, age-height classes differed in the predicted magnitude of response, but were consistent in response directions. Mosses and understory species typical of coniferous forests were positively correlated with regeneration density. & Context Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in Central Europe is at risk under climate change scenarios, particularly in mountain regions. Little is known about the impact of environmental factors on the natural regeneration of P. abies in lowelevation mountain forests. & Aims We aimed to assess impacts of distance from the riverbank, soil pH, and light availability on natural P. abies regeneration. We hypothesized that (1) natural P. abiesregeneration would depend on light availability and soil pH and (2) there are understory plant species which may indicate the microsites suitable for natural regeneration of P. abies. & Methods The study was conducted in the Stołowe Mountains National Park (SW Poland, 600–800 m a.s.l.). We established 160 study plots (25 m2 ) for natural regeneration, light availability, soil pH, and understory vegetation assessment

Ecology of bog pine (Pinus rotundata LINK) in relation to regeneration of bog pine forests

Ecology of Pinus rotundata, and partly also of accompanying trees Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies, was studied. Experiments with seedlings and field observations were conducted to find the limitations in rejuvenation of studied species. Succession in bog pine forest after different types of disturbances and changes of the Pinus rotundata forests during the last fifty years were analyzed

Consistent streamline residual-based artificial viscosity stabilization for numerical simulation of incompressible turbulent flow by isogeometric analysis

summary:In this paper, we propose a new stabilization technique for numerical simulation of incompressible turbulent flow by solving Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations closed by the SST $k$-$\omega$ turbulence model. The stabilization scheme is constructed such that it is consistent in the sense used in the finite element method, artificial diffusion is added only in the direction of convection and it is based on a purely nonlinear approach. We present numerical results obtained by our in-house incompressible fluid flow solver based on isogeometric analysis (IgA) for the benchmark problem of a wall bounded turbulent fluid flow simulation over a backward-facing step. Pressure coefficient and reattachment length are compared to experimental data acquired by Driver and Seegmiller, to the computational results obtained by open source software OpenFOAM and to the NASA numerical results. \looseness +

Isogeometric analysis for fluid flow problems

Článek je věnován simulaci vazkého nestlačitelného proudění, které je založeno na řešení Navierových-Stokesových rovnicích. Numerický model je založený na isogeometrické analýze. Prvotním cílem použití isogeometrické analýzy je geometricky přesný popis oblasti bez ohledu na diskretizaci a urychlení generování výpočetní sítě. Pro proudění s vyšším Reynoldsovým číslem je použita SUPG a PSPG stabilizace. Metody popsané v článku jsou testovány na standardní úloze - proudění v kavitě.The article is devoted to the simulation of viscous incompressible fluid flow based on solving the Navier-Stokes equations. As a numerical model we chose isogeometrical approach. Primary goal of using isogemetric analysis is to be always geometrically exact, independently of the discretization, and to avoid a time-consuming generation of meshes of computational domains. For higher Reynolds numbers, we use stabilization techniques SUPG and PSPG. All methods mentioned in the paper are demonstrated on a standard test example - flow in a lid-driven cavity

IgA-Based Solver for turbulence modelling on multipatch geometries

Článek je věnován numerickému řešení RANS rovnic s k-omega modelem pro simulaci 3D turbulentního proudění. Je zde popsán řešič, který je založený na dříve navržené metodě nazývané isogeometrická analýza. Tato numerická metoda je založená na isoparametrické aproximaci, tj. stejné bázové funkce jsou použity pro popis geometrie výpočetní oblasti a pro sestavení řešení. Výpočetní oblast je v isogeometrické analýze popsána pomocí NURBS objektů, reálné aplikace vyžadují použití tzv. multipatchové oblasti, která se skládá z více částí popsaných různými NURBS objekty. V našem řešiči je použita nespojitá Galerkinova metoda ke spojení různých NURBS patchů v jednu výpočetní oblast. Výsledky získané řešičem jsou prezentovány na standardním příkladu - proudění přes zpětný schod.This paper is focused on numerical solving of RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) equation with k-omega model for simulation of turbulent flows in 3D. The solver which is based on a recently proposed approach called isogeometric analysis is presented. This numerical method is based on isoparametric approach, i.e., the same basis functions are used for the description of a geometry of a computational domain and also for the representation of a solution. As computational domains are described by NURBS objects in isogeometric analysis, any real application requires to handle the so-called multipatch domains, where the computational domain is composed of more parts and each part is represented by one NURBS object. In our solver, discontinuous Galerkin method is used to connect different NURBS patches into one computational domain. The results of the solver are demonstrated on a standard benchmark example – backward facing step

Numerical simulation of lid-driven cavity flow by isogeometric analysis

In this paper, we present numerical results obtained by an in-house incompressible fluidflow solver based on isogeometric analysis (IgA) for the standard benchmark problem for incompressiblefluid flow simulation – lid-driven cavity flow. The steady Navier-Stokes equations are solved in theirvelocity-pressure formulation and we consider only inf-sup stable pairs of B-spline discretization spaces.The main aim of the paper is to compare the results from our IgA-based flow solver with the resultsobtained by a standard package based on finite element method with respect to degrees of freedomand stability of the solution. Further, the effectiveness of the recently introduced rIgA method for thesteady Navier-Stokes equations is studied

Gradientní a negradientní metody tvarové optimalizace lopatky vodní turbíny

Účelem naší práce je vyvinout nástroj pro automatickou optimalizaci tvaru lopatek oběžného kola ve vodních turbínách, zejména v Kaplanově turbíně. Tok tekutin je simulován pomocí vlastního nestlačitelného turbulentního řešiče proudění založeného na isogeometrické analýze (viz např. J. A. Cotrell at al.: Isogeometric Analysis: Toward Integration of CAD and FEA, Wiley, 2009). Navrhovaný přístup automatické optimalizace tvaru je založen na takzvané hybridní optimalizaci, která kombinuje metody negradientní a gradientní. Jako negradientní metoda se používá metoda Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Gradientní část využívá kvazi-Newtonovu metodu implementovanou v softwarové knihovně IpOpt (Interior Point OPTimizer) a výpočet gradientu cílové funkce s ohledem k tvarovým proměnným je realizován pomocí automatického derivování počítačového kódu, které se provádí pomocí softwaru knihovny CoDiPack (Code Differentiation Package).The purpose of our work is to develop an automatic shape optimization tool for runner wheel blades in reaction water turbines, especially in Kaplan turbines. The fluid flow is simulated using an in-house incompressible turbulent flow solver based on recently introduced isogeometric analysis (see e.g. J. A. Cotrell et al.: Isogeometric Analysis: Toward Integration of CAD and FEA, Wiley, 2009). The proposed automatic shape optimization approach is based on a so-called hybrid optimization which combines gradient-free and gradient-based methods. As the gradient-free method, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is used. The gradient-based part exploits a quasi-Newton method implemented in IpOpt software library (Interior Point OPTimizer) and gradients of the objective function with respect to design variables are provided by automatic differentiation of the computer code which is done with the help of CoDiPack software library (Code Differentiation Package)