Análise da idade de menarca e composição corporal em meninas atletas de natação e sedentárias

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Exercício e Saúde, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do PortoO objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as diferenças existentes entre meninas sedentárias e atletas de natação, observando quais as interferências provocadas pelo treinamento regular sobre as variáveis peso, estatura, composição corporal (percentual de gordura, massa gorda e massa corporal magra) e idade de menarca. A amostra foi composta por 166 meninas, sendo 84 atletas e 82 sedentárias entre 9 e 17 anos, subdividas em três grupos amostrais de acordo com a fase maturacional. A idade de menarca foi determinada pelo método recordatório. Todas as variáveis foram analisadas via SPSS para Windows, utilizando-se a estatística descritiva e test t de Student. Para as diferenças intragrupo, ANOVA e o teste de comparação múltipla de Scheffé (P<0,05).Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir: a) Na fase pré-púbere não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas; b) Na fase púbere foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas variáveis, percentual de gordura e massa gorda; c) Na fase pós-púbere foram encontradas diferenças significativas no percentual de gordura, massa gorda e idade de menarca. Em todas as fases maturacionais o grupo de sedentárias apresentou valores mais elevados para o percentual de gordura e massa gorda. A análise intragrupo demonstrou não existirem diferenças significativas para o percentual de gordura em nenhum dos grupos. Entretanto, evidenciaram-se diferenças entre as fases maturacionais na variável peso corporal , estatura, massa gorda e massa corporal magra nos dois grupos analisados. Um estudo longitudinal é necessário para um melhor acompanhamento das alterações nas varáveis analisadas, permitindo uma maior precisão nos resultados. Palavras chave: Maturação sexual, idade de menarca, composição corporal, massa gorda e massa corporal magra

Beyond the border of the athlete-centered approach: a model to understand runners' performance

Our purpose is to move beyond the borders of the athlete-centered approach by examining the runners' environment interplay as a key factor for performance. Based on the ecological systems theory, the micro-level (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and training characteristics), meso-level (a direct association with athletes is not observed, but the environment plays an influence on the relationships built at the micro-level), and macro-level (contextual features that influence athletic systems) were theorized and contextualized as important factors for the expression of different outcomes, including performance and participation. We also conceptualized the microtime, mesotime, and macrotime as a constraint. Through this model, we aimed to provide applications and conclusions about how this conceptual model provides advances in the scientific research field. By understanding how environmental factors influence their performance, runners can make informed decisions about where and how to train and compete. Furthermore, by recognizing the role of culture and social context in shaping runners' experiences and outcomes, we can work toward creating a more equitable and supportive running culture for all

InTrack project - Theoretical framework, design, and methods: A study protocol

Sports performance is the result of a complex interaction between individual and environmental factors. The purpose of this paper is to explain the methods used in the InTrack Project, a cross-sectional and cross-cultural project developed to investigate the variance in the performance of runners from different countries and to understand whether the differences in the performance can be explained by micro-level (athletes characteristics and proximal environment), meso-level (the distal environment that plays a relevant role on the relationships established at micro-level), and the macro-level (environmental features that shape countries characteristics). The sample will be comprised of runners, of both sexes, from four countries. Data collection will be performed in two steps: i) Individual information and ii) Country-level information. At the individual level, data will be obtained from an online survey. At the country level, characteristics data will be obtained from the secondary data available (demographic, social, and economic variables). Statistical procedures expected to be used include multilevel analysis, latent class analysis, addictive and multiplicative interaction in regression models. This wealth of information is of relevance to fill gaps regarding the existence of variables to connect different levels of information, and to provide scientific support about environmental characteristics important to predict runners' performance within and between countries

COMPARAÇÃO DO SALDO DE RADIAÇÃO MEDIDO E ESTIMADO NUMA ÁREA DE MATA ATLÂNTICA NO LITORAL ALAGOANO DURANTE A ESTAÇÃO CHUVOSA

O estudo do saldo de radiação em áreas florestais é essencial, pois torna-se possível demonstrar como a floresta interage com a atmosfera e quais os potenciais impactos devido à substituição da vegetação original, por áreas urbanas, pastos ou áreas cultivadas. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma comparação entre o saldo de radiação e suas componentesmedidas e estimadas na Mata Atlântica no estado de Alagoas durante a estação chuvosa. As variáveis medidas foram obtidas através de instrumentos instalados numa torre micrometeorológica dentro da Mata Atlântica no munícipio de Coruripe, durante 13 de abril a 06 de julho de 2017. A estimativa do saldo de radiação foi realizada através da soma do balanço de radiação de ondas curtas e ondas longas estimados. A comparação dos dados medidos com os calculados foi realizada por meio de regressão linear. A estimativa do saldo de radiaçãoapresentou um erro médio absoluto de 0,30 e a raiz do erro quadrático médio de 3,13. O coeficiente de determinação foi baixo (0,19), em contraste com o índice de concordância de Willmott (0,64) demonstrando que apesar de não haver uma boa correlação entre os dados, ainda existe um nível de concordância razoável entre os mesmos

Percepção dos alunos do ensino médio sobre a análise de cálcio e magnésio em águas de poços semiartesianos da cidade de Itumbiara-GO

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Beyond the border of the athlete-centered approach: a model to understand runners' performance

Our purpose is to move beyond the borders of the athlete-centered approach by examining the runners' environment interplay as a key factor for performance. Based on the ecological systems theory, the micro-level (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and training characteristics), meso-level (a direct association with athletes is not observed, but the environment plays an influence on the relationships built at the micro-level), and macro-level (contextual features that influence athletic systems) were theorized and contextualized as important factors for the expression of different outcomes, including performance and participation. We also conceptualized the microtime, mesotime, and macrotime as a constraint. Through this model, we aimed to provide applications and conclusions about how this conceptual model provides advances in the scientific research field. By understanding how environmental factors influence their performance, runners can make informed decisions about where and how to train and compete. Furthermore, by recognizing the role of culture and social context in shaping runners' experiences and outcomes, we can work toward creating a more equitable and supportive running culture for all

Aerobic training with a self-selected or predetermined intensity on sleep parameters in adolescents with obesity: a randomized clinical trial

Objectives: To compare the effects of self-selected and predetermined intensity on sleep quality and duration, daytime sleepiness, and sleep efficiency of adolescents with obesity after 12 weeks of aerobic training. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven adolescents (12 girls), 13-18 years old, with obesity (BMI = 95th) were randomized into a predetermined intensity group (PIG), exercise intensity around 60-70% of heart rate reserve; or self-selected intensity group (SIG), the adolescents chose the speed/intensity at the beginning of each session and were able to change it every 5 minutes. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to assess sleep outcomes. Results: No differences were observed for PSQI [0.00 ± 2.00 vs 1.38 ± 2.7; p=0.195; d=0.60 (moderate effect)], sleep duration [-0.95 ± 1.2 vs -0.35 ± 1.6; p=0.358; d=0.41 (small effect)], ESS [(2.10 ± 3.9 vs 1.15 ± 4.5; p=0.195; d=0.23 (small effect)], and sleep efficiency [(81.5 ± 24.0 vs 79.4 ± 17.0; p=0.8.14; d=0.10 (trivial effect)] for the PIG and SIG groups, respectively. Conclusion: Aerobic training at a self- selected or predetermined intensity does not modulate sleep quality, sleep duration and efficiency, and daytime sleepiness, independent of intensity

Modificações no índice de massa corporal em mulheres idosas após um programa de reabilitação física

O envelhecimento é um processo complexo, cujas alterações determinam mudanças estruturais e funcionais no corpo humano. Este estudo tem por objetivos: analisar as alterações antropométricas e da composição corporal (massa gorda e massa corporal magra) após a realização de um programa de exercícios em mulheres idosas, e verificar o impacto destas alterações sobre os estratos Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Estudou-se 160 mulheres idosas (63,8±2,9 anos) participantes de um programa de atividades físicas sistematizadas durante doze semanas. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas e da composição corporal antes e após o período de intervenção. O IMC foi utilizado para avaliar adequação do peso corporal e o estado nutricional. Após a intervenção foram observadas reduções significantes na massa corporal total (68,2 ± 9,4 vs 67,2 ± 9,3; p&lt;0,001), massa gorda (23,9 ± 5,3 vs 23,4 ± 5,0; p=&lt;0,001), massa corporal magra (44,3 ± 5,2 vs 43,8 ± 5,3; p&lt;0,001) e no IMC (21,8 ± 3,0 vs 21,4 ± 3,0; p=&lt;0,001). Foram verificadas diferenças significantes entre os estratos do IMC após intervenção (p&lt;0.001). O programa promoveu alterações nos componentes da composição corporal, as quais envolveram reduções da adiposidade corporal e da massa corporal, além de ter contribuído com o controle do IMC em idosas.The aging is a complex process, where alterations of body composition determine structural and functional changes in the human body. This study aims to analyze the anthropometric and body composition (fat mass and lean body mass) alterations after a physical rehabilitation program in elderly women, and to verify these alterations between status of BMI. The sample consisted of 160 elderly women (63.8 ± 2.9 years) engaged in a program of systematic activities for twelve weeks. Anthropometric and body composition before and after the intervention period were performed. BMI was used to evaluate body composition as well as the nutritional status. After intervention, significant reductions were observed in total body mass (68.2 ± 9.4 vs 67.2 ± 9.3, p &lt; 0.001), fat mass (23.9 ± 5.3 vs 23.4 ± 5.0, p = &lt; 0.001) , lean body mass (44.3 ± 5.2 vs 43.8 ± 5.3, p &lt; 0.001) and BMI (21.8 ± 3.0 vs 21.4 ± 3.0, p = &lt; 0.001). Significant differences among BMI strata were observed (p &lt;0.001). The program brought about changes in body composition components, which involved reduction of body fat and body mass, besides contributing to the control of BMI in elderly

A produção de vinho no Brasil e seu consumo moderado como benefício para a saúde humana abordado na sala de aula

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DETC Induces Leishmania Parasite Killing in Human In Vitro and Murine In Vivo Models: A Promising Therapeutic Alternative in Leishmaniasis

Background: Chemotherapy remains the primary tool for treatment and control of human leishmaniasis. However, currently available drugs present serious problems regarding side-effects, variable efficacy, and cost. Affordable and less toxic drugs are urgently needed for leishmaniasis. Methodology/Principal Findings: We demonstrate, by microscopy and viability assays, that superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC) dose-dependently induces parasite killing (p,0.001) and is able to ??????sterilize?????? Leishmania amazonensis infection at 2 mM in human macrophages in vitro. We also show that DETC-induced superoxide production (p,0.001) and parasite destruction (p,0.05) were reverted by the addition of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, indicating that DETC-induced killing occurs through oxidative damage. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy demonstrates a rapid and highly selective destruction of amastigotes in the phagosome upon DETC treatment, without any apparent damage to the host cell, including its mitochondria. In addition, DETC significantly induced parasite killing in Leishmania promastigotes in axenic culture. In murine macrophages infected with Leishmania braziliensis, DETC significantly induced in vitro superoxide production (p = 0.0049) and parasite killing (p = 0.0043). In vivo treatment with DETC in BALB/C mice infected with Leishmania braziliensis caused a significant decrease in lesion size (p,0.0001), paralleled by a 100-fold decrease (p = 0.0087) in parasite burden. Conclusions/Significance: Due to its strong leishmanicidal effect in human macrophages in vitro, its in vivo effectiveness in a murine model, and its previously demonstrated in vivo safety profile in HIV treatment, DETC treatment might be considered as a valuable therapeutic option in human leishmaniasis, including HIV/Leishmania co-infection