56 research outputs found

    Update in developmental dysplasia of the hip

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    La displasia del desarrollo de cadera es el trastorno ortopédico más común en los recién nacidos; hace referencia a un amplio espectro de alteraciones patológicas del acetábulo y fémur proximal en crecimiento que incluye la luxación, subluxación y displasia como tal. Es más frecuente en el sexo femenino y la cadera izquierda suele ser la más afectada. Se asocia a factores de riesgo bien descritos; estos pueden ser genéticos, ambientales e incluso la posición prenatal. El diagnóstico precoz es vital y se basa en una combinación de examen físico, ultrasonido y radiografía. El tratamiento va a depender de la edad del paciente, puede ser ortopédico o quirúrgico y los objetivos de ambas modalidades están basados en la obtención de una cabeza femoral colocada concéntricamente en el acetábulo para que este último tenga un crecimiento de manera adecuada.Developmental hip dysplasia is the most common orthopedic disorder in newborns; refers to a wide spectrum of pathological alterations of the growing acetabulum and proximal femur that includes dislocation, subluxation, and dysplasia as such. It is more frequent in the female sex and the left hip is usually the most affected. It is associated with well-described risk factors, these can be genetic, environmental and even the prenatal position. Early diagnosis is vital and is based on a combination of physical examination, ultrasound, and radiography. The treatment will depend on the age of the patient, it may be orthopedic or surgical and the objectives of both modalities are based on obtaining a femoral head placed concentrically in the acetabulum so that the latter has an adequate growth

    Errores en la escritura de adolescentes con alto y bajo rendimiento académico. Un análisis neuropsicológico

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    El propósito del trabajo fue analizar, desde la neuropsicología Histórico-Cultural, los tipos de errores en la escritura en adolescentes de educación media básica con alto rendimiento académico (ARA) y bajo rendimiento académico (BRA). Con base en el análisis sindrómico propuesto por Luria, se identificó a los mecanismos de regulación y control y de análisis y síntesis espacial global, como mecanismos subyacentes a los tipos de errores presentados por los participantes. Método. Se aplicó un diseño transversal descriptivo. La muestra incluyó 8 adolescentes con ARA y 8 con BRA, de cada uno de los tres grados del nivel de educación secundaria, siendo una muestra total de 48 adolescentes mexicanos. Se aplicaron tareas para evaluar a los mecanismos neuropsicológicos y a la escritura. Los resultados mostraron los tipos de errores de escritura característicos a los mecanismos identificados como deficientes en su nivel funcional, los errores fueron más significativos en el grupo de BRA. Se resaltan la necesidad de corregir las dificultades en la escritura no desde la escritura misma, sino contemplar actividades que favorezcan el desarrollo funcional de los mecanismos deficientes, incluso desde el nivel de la educación básica inicial

    Prevalence of anemia and deficiency of iron, folic acid, and zinc in children younger than 2 years of age who use the health services provided by the Mexican Social Security Institute

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Mexico, as in other developing countries, micronutrient deficiencies are common in infants between 6 and 24 months of age and are an important public health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and of iron, folic acid, and zinc deficiencies in Mexican children under 2 years of age who use the health care services provided by the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A nationwide survey was conducted with a representative sample of children younger than 2 years of age, beneficiaries, and users of health care services provided by IMSS through its regular regimen (located in urban populations) and its Oportunidades program (services offered in rural areas). A subsample of 4,955 clinically healthy children was studied to determine their micronutrient status. A venous blood sample was drawn to determine hemoglobin, serum ferritin, percent of transferrin saturation, zinc, and folic acid. Descriptive statistics include point estimates and 95% confidence intervals for the sample and projections for the larger population from which the sample was drawn.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty percent of children younger than 2 years of age had anemia, and 27.8% (rural) to 32.6% (urban) had iron deficiency; more than 50% of anemia was not associated with low ferritin concentrations. Iron stores were more depleted as age increased. Low serum zinc and folic acid deficiencies were 28% and 10%, respectively, in the urban areas, and 13% and 8%, respectively, in rural areas. The prevalence of simultaneous iron and zinc deficiencies was 9.2% and 2.7% in urban and rural areas. Children with anemia have higher percentages of folic acid deficiency than children with normal iron status.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Iron and zinc deficiencies constitute the principal micronutrient deficiencies in Mexican children younger than 2 years old who use the health care services provided by IMSS. Anemia not associated with low ferritin values was more prevalent than iron-deficiency anemia. The presence of micronutrient deficiencies at this early age calls for effective preventive public nutrition programs to address them.</p

    La grabación sonora: un recurso pedagógico multidisciplinar para la reinterpretación de la Historia

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    Mediante el presente proyecto se ha pretendido abordar un nuevo acercamiento a la historia de la música, en tanto manifestación cultural, basado en una metodología de reciente creación que entronca directamente con los estudios sobre la praxis interpretativa. Para ello hemos profundizado en el correcto manejo de los software informáticos que permiten el análisis de estas fuentes sonoras (fundamentalmente visualizadores de ondas y editores de sonido). Como resultado, hemos constituido un grupo de trabajo abierto a profesores y alumnos, ubicado físicamente en la Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la UCM

    Mutational Landscape of CEBPA in Mexican Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Prognostic Implications

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    BackgroundIn Mexico, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has increased in the last few years. Mortality is higher than in developed countries, even though the same chemotherapy protocols are used. CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha (CEBPA) mutations are recurrent in AML, influence prognosis, and help to define treatment strategies. CEBPA mutational profiles and their clinical implications have not been evaluated in Mexican pediatric AML patients.Aim of the StudyTo identify the mutational landscape of the CEBPA gene in pediatric patients with de novo AML and assess its influence on clinical features and overall survival (OS).Materials and MethodsDNA was extracted from bone marrow aspirates at diagnosis. Targeted massive parallel sequencing of CEBPA was performed in 80 patients.ResultsCEBPA was mutated in 12.5% (10/80) of patients. Frameshifts at the N-terminal region were the most common mutations 57.14% (8/14). CEBPA biallelic (CEBPABI) mutations were identified in five patients. M2 subtype was the most common in CEBPA positive patients (CEBPAPOS) (p = 0.009); 50% of the CEBPAPOS patients had a WBC count &gt; 100,000 at diagnosis (p = 0.004). OS &gt; 1 year was significantly better in CEBPA negative (CEBPANEG) patients (p = 0.0001). CEBPAPOS patients (either bi- or monoallelic) had a significantly lower OS (p = 0.002). Concurrent mutations in FLT3, CSF3R, and WT1 genes were found in CEBPAPOS individuals. Their contribution to poor OS cannot be ruled out.ConclusionCEBPA mutational profiles in Mexican pediatric AML patients and their clinical implications were evaluated for the first time. The frequency of CEBPAPOS was in the range reported for pediatric AML (4.5–15%). CEBPA mutations showed a negative impact on OS as opposed to the results of other studies

    Multicentric study of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus testing and assessment of triage methods in Latin America : the ESTAMPA screening study protocol

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    Q1Q1Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing cytology in primary screening. Its limited specificity demands using a second (triage) test to better identify women at high-risk of cervical disease. Cytology represents the immediate triage but its low sensitivity might hamper HPV testing sensitivity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cytology performance has been suboptimal. The ESTAMPA (EStudio multicéntrico de TAMizaje y triaje de cáncer de cuello uterino con pruebas del virus del PApiloma humano; Spanish acronym) study will: (1) evaluate the performance of different triage techniques to detect cervical precancer and (2) inform on how to implement HPV-based screening programmes in LMIC. Methods and analysis Women aged 30–64 years are screened with HPV testing and Pap across 12 study centres in Latin America. Screened positives have colposcopy with biopsy and treatment of lesions. Women with no evident disease are recalled 18 months later for another HPV test; those HPV-positive undergo colposcopy with biopsy and treatment as needed. Biological specimens are collected in different visits for triage testing, which is not used for clinical management. The study outcome is histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial or worse lesions (HSIL+) under the lower anogenital squamous terminology. About 50 000 women will be screened and 500 HSIL+ cases detected (at initial and 18 months screening). Performance measures (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of triage techniques to detect HSIL+ will be estimated and compared with adjustment by age and study centre. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), of the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and by those in each participating centre. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been established to monitor progress of the study, assure participant safety, advice on scientific conduct and analysis and suggest protocol improvements. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. Trial registration number NCT01881659Revista Internacional - Indexad

    Marejadas rurales y luchas por la vida, vol. iv: permanencias, resistencias y luchas por la vida

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    Volumen 4. Permanencias, resistencias y luchas por la vida, coordinado por: Elisabeth A. Mager Hois, Miguel Ángel Paz Frayre y Carla Zamora Lomelí, integra 15 capítulos y está dividido en tres secciones, la primera denominada Permanencia, contiene 5 capítulos que intentan establecer como eje común la lucha continua en las comunidades campesinas para continuar con la vida rural. La segunda, Identidad y resistencia, está compuesta por 4 capítulos que reflexionan sobre varios procesos de resistencia de la vida rural ante los cambios globales e internos en su propio proceso de vida, otros trabajos intentan encontrar aquellos elementos que generan y mantienen alguna forma de identidad, y la tercera sección, Lucha por la vida, contiene 6 trabajos que demuestran todas aquellas posibilidades que existen en el medio rural para sostenerse y mantenerse, generando diferentes formas y estrategias que los une en la continua lucha por vivir con pocas pretensiones y con difíciles perspectivas pero siempre encontrando alternativas.ASOCIACIÓN MEXICANA DE ESTUDIOS RURALES, INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y RURALES (ICAR), UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA, FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES ACATLÁN-UNAM, ECOSUR, CUCOSTA SUR GRANA, EL COLEGIO DE MICHOACÁN A.C., UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLAS HIDALG

    De los métodos y las maneras, número 8

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    Por octava ocasión el Posgrado en Diseño de la división de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, en colaboración con el comité organizador de “De los métodos y las maneras”, logró reunir investigaciones de especialistas en el ámbito del diseño y la investigación, así como de alumnos de tres de las cinco líneas de investigación del posgrado de diseño. Este libro es muestra de una constante al presentar temas en torno a las metodologías para hacer investigación en Diseño, además de ser una herramienta teórico - práctica, para apoyar tanto a docentes como estudiantes de los posgrados en diseño.Coordinación del Posgrado de Ciencias y Artes para el DiseñoGustavo Iván Garmendia Ramírez, coordinador; Sandra Rodríguez Mondragón, compilación y diseño editorial; Martín Lucas Flores Carapia, Diseño de la portad
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