El Primer trabajo lexicográfico de María Moliner: su contribución al Diccionario aragonés del estudio de filología de Aragón

María Moliner?s first lexicographical work: her contribution to the Aragonese dictionary of the ?Estudio de Filología de Aragón? Until recently, it was thought that the first and only lexicographical work by María Moliner was the Diccionario de uso del español. Therefore, the numerous studies on the author and her work have often resorted to literary argumentation rather than more realistic theories to explain why and how a woman archivist was able to produce what many would consider to be the best available Castilian dictionary. In opposition to this belief, the present article reveals that the first work by María Moliner as a lexicographer was her contribution to the Diccionario aragonés of the ?Estudio de Filología de Aragón? (1915-1931). In this institution, modelled on the ?Institut d?Estudis Catalans?, she worked as deputy editor, trained as a philologist and lexicographer and acquired important linguistic ideas that the ?Estudio? only dared to propound, and which she herself developed, a quarter of a century later, in the Diccionario de uso del español.Hasta el momento se creía que el primer y único trabajo lexicográfico de María Moliner fue el Diccionario de uso del español. Así, los numerosos estudios sobre la autora y su obra han recurrido, a menudo, a razones más literarias que ajustadas a la realidad para explicar por qué y cómo una mujer, de oficio archivera, pudo redactar el que muchos consideran el mejor diccionario que ha tenido el castellano. En contra de esta creencia, damos a conocer en el presente artículo que la primera aportación lexicográfica de María Moliner fue su contribución al Diccionario aragonés del Estudio de Filología de Aragón (1915-1931). En esta entidad, cuyo referente inmediato fue el Institut d?Estudis Catalans, trabajó como secretaria redactora, se formó como filóloga y lexicógrafa y asimiló importantes ideas lingüísticas que el Estudio solo se atrevió a plantear y que ella desarrolló, un cuarto de siglo después, en el Diccionario de uso del español

Análisis de la deflación española de la primera mitad del siglo XIX: Una comparación internacional

La deflación española de la primera mitad del siglo XIX es una característica destacada en la mayoría de los análisis historiográficos del periodo. Sin embargo, carecemos de estudios que cuantifiquen la intensidad de dicha deflación en relación con la experiencia registrada en otros países. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es la elaboración e interpretación de un índice Laspeyres de precios al consumo en Barcelona para el periodo 1775-1844. El ejercicio se divide en dos partes. La primera parte explica el método de elaboración del índice. La segunda parte analiza la evolución del nivel de precios españoles en relación con el caso internacional.According to historiography, deflation was one of the main features of early 19th century Spanish economy. However, studies that quantify the intensity of this deflation in relation to the experiences in other countries are lacking. For this reason, the purpose of the paper is the construction and the interpretation of a Laspeyres index of consumer prices in Barcelona for the years 1775-1844. The paper is divided into two sections. The first part describes the method used to construct the index. The second section compares the evolution of Spanish prices with other international cases.Publicad

The microeconomics of bullionism : arbitrage, smuggling and silver outflows in Spain in the early 18th century

In the Early Modern period, there was a systematic flow of precious metals from the American colonies to Spain and Portugal and, from there, throughout the world. In this paper, I use newly discovered data on the black market for silver in Cadiz to reconstruct a picture of Castilian smuggling and international silver flows in the Age of Bullionism (1729-1741). The arbitrage equation shows persistent violations of the silver-point that made arbitrage systematically profitable until devaluation pegged the exchange rate to the arbitrated parity. Market structure explains the persistent violations. The Cadiz shadow price was lower than the international market price because bullionist regulations configured an oligopsonistic structure. The price gap was the reason for the Castilian silver outflows to Europ

Enseñar con perspectiva de género en derecho penal

La perspectiva de género es una cuestión primordial a la hora de realizar la necesaria adecuación de cualquier abordaje educativo, pasando de la educación en general a disciplinas tan diferentes como la arquitectura o el Derecho, y en concreto del Derecho Penal. Todo es susceptible de ser acotado desde la perspectiva de género, y es esta perspectiva la que nos puede llevar hacia la implementación de competencias transversales, del todo necesarias para aportar una formación universitaria integral de nuestros alumnos, y en la que, como profesores también veamos nuestra labor enriquecida por la retroalimentación que ellos nos generen.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Electrochemical Detection of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Milk Using a Magneto Immunosensor

An amperometric magneto-immunosensor (AMIS) for the detection of residues of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in milk samples is described for the first time. The immunosensor presented combines magnetic beads biomodified with an antibody with a broad recognition profile of fluoroquinolones, a haptenized enzyme and a magnetic graphite-epoxy composite (m-GEC) electrode. After the immunochemical reaction with specific enzyme tracer, the antibody biomodified magnetic beads are easily captured by an electrode made of graphite-epoxy composite containing a magnet, which also acts as transducer for the electrochemical detection. In spite of the complexity of milk, the use of magnetic beads allows elimination of potential interferences caused by the matrix components; hence the AMIS could perform quantitative measurements, directly in these samples, without any additional sample cleanup or extraction step. The immunosensor is able to detect up to seven different fluoroquinolones far below the MRLs defined by the UE for milk; for example ciprofloxacin is detected directly in milk with an IC50 of 0.74 μg/L and a LOD of 0.009 μg/L. This strategy offers great promise for rapid, simple, cost-effective, and on-site analysis fluoroquinolones in complex samples

Electrochemical detection of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in milk using a magneto immunosensor

An amperometric magneto-immunosensor (AMIS) for the detection of residues of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in milk samples is described for the first time. The immunosensor presented combines magnetic beads biomodified with an antibody with a broad recognition profile of fluoroquinolones, a haptenized enzyme and a magnetic graphite-epoxy composite (m-GEC) electrode. After the immunochemical reaction with specific enzyme tracer, the antibody biomodified magnetic beads are easily captured by an electrode made of graphite-epoxy composite containing a magnet, which also acts as transducer for the electrochemical detection. In spite of the complexity of milk, the use of magnetic beads allows elimination of potential interferences caused by the matrix components; hence the AMIS could perform quantitative measurements, directly in these samples, without any additional sample cleanup or extraction step. The immunosensor is able to detect up to seven different fluoroquinolones far below the MRLs defined by the UE for milk; for example ciprofloxacin is detected directly in milk with an IC50 of 0.74 μg/L and a LOD of 0.009 μg/L. This strategy offers great promise for rapid, simple, cost-effective, and on-site analysis fluoroquinolones in complex samples. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This work has been supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain) (Contract number AGL2008-05578-C05-01 and by the European Community (FP7-FOOD-2007-211326 and FP7-OCEAN-2013-1-614168). The Nb4D group is a consolidated Grup de Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya and has support from the Departament d’Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informació la Generalitat de Catalunya (expedient 2014 SGR 1484). CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008–2011, IniciativaIngenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and is financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Foundation. DG had a fellowship from the Fundación EROSKI.Peer Reviewe

A benchmark of Spanish language datasets for computationally driven research

In the domain of Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (GLAM) institutions, creative and innovative tools and methodologies for content delivery and user engagement have recently gained international attention. New methods have been proposed to publish digital collections as datasets amenable to computational use. Standardised benchmarks can be useful to broaden the scope of machine-actionable collections and to promote cultural and linguistic diversity. In this article, we propose a methodology to select datasets for computationally driven research applied to Spanish text corpora. This work seeks to encourage Spanish and Latin American institutions to publish machine-actionable collections based on best practices and avoiding common mistakes.This research has been funded by the AETHER-UA (PID2020-112540RB-C43) Project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Active Participation and Interaction, Key Performance Factors of Face-to-Face Learning

During the last decade and, particularly, from the restrictions on mobility brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, online and digital teaching is positioning itself as an alternative to face-to-face teaching. As of today, however, the soundness of this alternative teaching in terms of learning outcomes and students’ success is not yet clear, even though it is particularly important, since it may determine future teaching plans, strategies and methodology. This article presents the results of a teaching research project analyzing the impact of active participation and face-to-face interaction of students on their performance from a quantitative approach. Through an empirical study carried out with several groups of university students in financial accounting over a four-year period, we analyze the effect of including face-to-face techniques of participation and teaching innovation on students’ success and performance. The quantitative results indicate a significant improvement in all the indicators of the “experimental” groups, compared to face-to-face standard teaching groups and streaming teaching groups. By enhancing active participation, better marks and performance are achieved, especially in the continuous evaluation system. The qualitative results, based on the opinion of the students, also indicate their preference for models of active participation and interaction, as well as their positive perception of the success of the initiative. The advantages derived from innovative face-to-face teaching are evidenced since it favors group interaction and active participation of the students, which are crucial elements for performance and academic success

Reusing digital collections from GLAM institutions

For some decades now, Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (GLAM) institutions have published and provided access to information resources in digital format. Recently, innovative approaches have appeared such as the concept of Labs within GLAM institutions that facilitates the adoption of innovative and creative tools for content delivery and user engagement. In addition, new methods have been proposed to address the publication of digital collections as data sets amenable to computational use. In this article, we propose a methodology to create machine actionable collections following a set of steps. This methodology is then applied to several use cases based on data sets published by relevant GLAM institutions. It intends to encourage institutions to adopt the publication of data sets that support computationally driven research as a core activity.This work has been partially supported by ECLIPSE-UA RTI2018-094283-B-C32 (Spanish Ministry of Education and Science)

Competing bimetallic ratios: Amsterdam, London and bullion arbitrage in the 18th century

This article analyses the stability of bimetallism in the mid-18th century for the case of two large centres that had different legal ratios and only one international market ratio. A new theoretical framework is articulated for the situation of international independence to set legal bimetallic ratios by monetary authorities in different countries. Then, using new data handcollected from archival sources and relevant to the two main bullion markets in the 18th century, Amsterdam and London, this theoretical framework is utilised to identify the regimes that actually prevailed during that period, in which Amsterdam was effectively on the bimetallic standard while London was on the gold standard de facto