11 research outputs found
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS RESISTENTES Ă METICILINA ASSOCIADOS Ă COMUNIDADE: CARACTERIZAĂĂO DE LINHAGENS EMERGENTES EM HOSPITAIS
Introdução: Staphylococcus aureus Resistente Ă Meticilina (MRSA) Ă© associado a infecçÔes nosocomiais. Clones MRSA comunitĂĄrios (CA-MRSA, Community-Associated) apresentam elevada virulĂȘncia e tĂȘm sido isolados em hospitais no mundo. No Brasil, o clone CA-MRSA USA1100/ST30/SCCmecIV tem emergido em hospitais, mas sĂŁo raros os estudos sobre aspectos associados Ă sua emergĂȘncia. Objetivo: Identificar e comparar fatores de virulĂȘncia e resistĂȘncia aos antimicrobianos entre amostras CA-MRSA dos clones USA1100/ST30 e USA300/ST8. MĂ©todos: Amostras MRSA ST30 (n=30) e ST8 (16) isoladas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro foram avaliadas quanto Ă susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos por disco difusĂŁo e Concentração MĂnima InibitĂłria (CMI). A detecção de genes de virulĂȘncia e dos operons agr e ACME foi realizada por PCR. A produção de biofilme e sua composição bioquĂmica foram avaliadas por testes semiquantitativos. Testes in vivo com Tenebrio molitor permitiram avaliar a patogenicidade das amostras. Resultados: Amostras ST8 foram resistentes Ă ciprofloxacina (81,3%) e eritromicina (75%), enquanto as ST30 somente a eritromicina (13,3%). As CMIs de oxacilina variaram de 4 a 256 mg/L, e para vancomicina foram CMI50=1 e CMI90=2. Cepas de infecção de corrente sanguĂnea foram mais resistentes do que as de outros sĂtios (p-valor<0,05). Os genes de virulĂȘncia bbp, cna, seg, sem,sen e seo sĂł foram detectados em amostras ST30, enquanto o gene fnbB sĂł em USA300. Exceto por duas amostras ST30, todas carreavam os genes da PVL. Dentre as amostras ST8, 75% carreavam ACME-I e agr 1, enquanto as USA1100 apresentaram o agr 3. A produção de biofilme foi observada em 97% e 100% das amostras ST30 e ST8, respectivamente, com composição proteica e de DNA. A clonalidade nĂŁo impactou a patogenicidade das cepas, mas amostras ST8 mostraram maior tendĂȘncia a letalidade (p-valor<0,05). Cepas de colonização nasal foram menos letais do que de infecçÔes (p-valor<0,05). ConclusĂŁo: O estudo mostrou semelhança na patogĂȘnese de amostras USA1100/ST30 e USA300/ST8. Contudo, a presença do operon ACME e do gene fnbB, relevantes na adesĂŁo bacteriana, e maior resistĂȘncia a antimicrobianos sĂł foram observadas em ST8, enquanto genes de exotoxinas sĂł foram detectados em ST30. A emergĂȘncia destas linhagens CA-MRSA em ambientes hospitalares pode cursar com infecçÔes de maior morbi-mortalidade, sendo sua disseminação um importante problema de saĂșde pĂșblica e um desafio no controle de infecçÔes invasivas por S. aureus
ACRIDICONâCHUVA Campaign: Studying Tropical Deep Convective Clouds and Precipitation over Amazonia Using the New German Research Aircraft HALO
Between 1 September and 4 October 2014, a combined airborne and ground-based measurement campaign was conducted to study tropical deep convective clouds over the Brazilian Amazon rain forest. The new German research aircraft, High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), a modified Gulfstream G550, and extensive ground-based instrumentation were deployed in and near Manaus (State of Amazonas). The campaign was part of the GermanâBrazilian Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud SystemsâCloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil: A Contribution to Cloud Resolving Modeling and to the GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) (ACRIDICONâ CHUVA) venture to quantify aerosolâcloudâprecipitation interactions and their thermodynamic, dynamic, and radiative effects by in situ and remote sensing measurements over Amazonia. The ACRIDICONâCHUVA field observations were carried out in cooperation with the second intensive operating period of Green Ocean Amazon 2014/15 (GoAmazon2014/5). In this paper we focus on the airborne data measured on HALO, which was equipped with about 30 in situ and remote sensing instruments for meteorological, trace gas, aerosol, cloud, precipitation, and spectral solar radiation measurements
Neogene sharks and rays from the Brazilian âBlue Amazonâ
The lower Miocene Pirabas Formation in the North of Brazil was deposited under influence of the proto-Amazon River and is characterized by large changes in the ecological niches from the early Miocene onwards. To evaluate these ecological changes, the elasmobranch fauna of the fully marine, carbonate-rich beds was investigated. A diverse fauna with 24 taxa of sharks and rays was identified with the dominant groups being carcharhiniforms and myliobatiforms. This faunal composition is similar to other early Miocene assemblages from the proto-Carribbean bioprovince. However, the Pirabas Formation has unique features compared to the other localities; being the only Neogene fossil fish assemblage described from the Atlantic coast of Tropical Americas. Phosphate oxygen isotope composition of elasmobranch teeth served as proxies for paleotemperatures and paleoecology. The data are compatible with a predominantly tropical marine setting with recognized inshore and offshore habitats with some probable depth preferences (e.g., Aetomylaeus groups). Paleohabitat of taxa particularly found in the Neogene of the Americas (â Carcharhinus ackermannii, â Aetomylaeus cubensis) are estimated to have been principally coastal and shallow waters. Larger variation among the few analyzed modern selachians reflects a larger range for the isotopic composition of recent seawater compared to the early Miocene. This probably links to an increased influence of the Amazon River in the coastal regions during the Holocene