Estudio histológico, inmuno-histoquímico y de cultivo celular de mamas humana y canina normal y cancerosa

Objetivo. Comparar las características morfológicas de células normales y cancerosas derivadas de glándulas mamarias de las especies humana y canina. Materiales y métodos. Fueron colectadas 10 muestras de parénquima mamario normal y 14 de parénquima tumoral de la especie canina, así como seis muestras de parénquima mamario normal y tres de parénquima tumoral de la especie humana. Para el cultivo de células fue utilizada la técnica de cultivo de células de mamíferos y para la histoquímica la técnica de la avidina- biotina- peroxidasa, con utilización del anticuerpo monoclonal 32-2B (anti-desmogléina-1). Resultados. A los estudios histológicos y morfológicos las células de la glándula mamaria normal humana demostraron semejanzas con las células de la glándula mamaria normal canina. Se observó adhesión y proliferación de células normales en ambas especies por aproximadamente tres meses de cultivo. Las células normales de las especies humana y canina mostraron baja actividad de proliferación cuando se compararon con las cancerosas de las especies en estudio. Los grupos de células epiteloides que se adhirieron al sustrato de los dos cultivos tuvieron dependencia de las células estromales, porque en la medida que las células fibroblastoides se retiraron, las células epiteloides detuvieron su crecimiento. Conclusiones. Comparando los resultados obtenidos por medio de análisis inmuno-histoquímico de células normales de mujeres y perras fue posible observar cambios en el patrón de coloración en células cancerosas en ambas especies, demostrando que las estructuras relacionadas con la adhesión celular (desmosomas) pueden estar alteradas

Spain’s national network of silos and granaries: architectural and technological change over time

Aim of study: To analyse the 670 silos in Spain’s NNSG (National Network of Silos and Granaries), along with the changes in typologies and degree of mechanisation taking place over time.Area of study: Spain.Material and methods: Research began in 2014, collecting NNSG grain storage data across Spain further to the methodology developed by the authors. In a first stage the information was gathered from the FEGA’s general archives in Madrid and the archives of the departments of agriculture in the 13 regions where silos were built. In the second stage of the study, 665 silos were explored in situ. Photographs were taken and information was gathered on their characteristics (general features; architectural features; technological facilities).Main results: This paper discusses the architectural and typological changes taking place over time, from the earliest small, local, richly adorned brick silos to larger, more modern and austere reinforced concrete structures. The machinery with which they are fitted is also addressed, with the progression from basic grain storage to more sophisticated equipment designed to clean, refrigerate or disinfect the grain. Some facilities were used exclusively to select and condition seed for subsequent sowing. The most modern structures, known as macrosilos, are highly mechanised affairs.Research highlights: Spain’s national network of silos and granaries was 41 years in the building. The inventory of the 665 existing silos identified 20 types or subtypes. Early richly adorned units gradually gave way to more austere, functional structures. The machinery in place in silos varied with type/purpose and period of construction

Characterisation of the National Network of Silos and Granaries in Castilla y León, Spain: A Case Study

[EN] In 1995, Spain’s National Network of Silos and Granaries was divided into a basic network and a secondary network. Of the total storage units identified, 541 are vertical units or silos forming part of the secondary network. Unlike the silos of the basic network, many of the secondary network silos, which were primarily reception units sited near the areas where the grain was grown, have been repurposed. This article describes a methodology developed to inventory silos based on their general features, construction and technological facilities, and its application to the 123 silos in the secondary network in the Spanish region of Castilla y León. The exercise was conducted in conjunction with a socioeconomic analysis of the communities where the silos are located. All the silos studied are located in the most productive areas and close to farms, have small storage capacities and include all but one silo typology, the transition macro-silo. Some are still used for grain storage, whilst others have been converted into multi-purpose warehouses, gymnasiums, community centres or other specialised facilities. Ideas for silo repurposing implemented in other regions of Spain and other countries might well be applied in Castilla y León. In addition, this methodology has proved useful to identify proposals that are viable in the more highly populated communities.S

Practical Challenges And Pitfalls Of Bluetooth Mesh Data Collection Experiments With Esp-32 Microcontrollers

Testing network algorithms in physical environments using real hardware is an important step to reduce the gap between theory and practice in the field, and an interesting way to explore technologies such as Bluetooth Mesh. We implemented a Bluetooth Mesh data collection strategy and deployed it in indoor and outdoor settings, using ESP-32 microcontrollers. This data collection strategy also covers an alternative packet routing strategy based on Bluetooth Mesh - MAM - already discussed and simulated in previous work using the OMNET++ simulator. We compared the real-world ESP-32 experiments with the past simulations, and the results differed significantly: the simulations predicted a +459\% unique message collection compared to the results we obtained with the ESP-32. Based on those results, we also identified vast room for improvement in our ESP-32 implementation for future work, including solving an unexpected packet duplication in the MAM algorithm implementation. Even so, MAM performed better than Bluetooth Mesh's default relay strategy, with up to +4.06\% more (unique) data messages collected. We also discuss some challenges we experienced when implementing, deploying, and running benchmarks using Bluetooth Mesh and the ESP-32 platform.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures and graph

Spain’s national network of silos and granaries: architectural and technological change over time

[EN] Aim of study: To analyse the 670 silos in Spain’s NNSG (National Network of Silos and Granaries), along with the changes in typologies and degree of mechanisation taking place over time. Area of study: Spain. Material and methods: Research began in 2014, collecting NNSG grain storage data across Spain further to the methodology developed by the authors. In a first stage the information was gathered from the FEGA’s general archives in Madrid and the archives of the departments of agriculture in the 13 regions where silos were built. In the second stage of the study, 665 silos were explored in situ. Photographs were taken and information was gathered on their characteristics (general features; architectural features; technological facilities). Main results: This paper discusses the architectural and typological changes taking place over time, from the earliest small, local, richly adorned brick silos to larger, more modern and austere reinforced concrete structures. The machinery with which they are fitted is also addressed, with the progression from basic grain storage to more sophisticated equipment designed to clean, refrigerate or disinfect the grain. Some facilities were used exclusively to select and condition seed for subsequent sowing. The most modern structures, known as macrosilos, are highly mechanised affairs. Research highlights: Spain’s national network of silos and granaries was 41 years in the building. The inventory of the 665 existing silos identified 20 types or subtypes. Early richly adorned units gradually gave way to more austere, functional structures. The machinery in place in silos varied with type/purpose and period of construction.SIThe authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided by the staffs of the general FEGA archives at Madrid and the archives of the regional Departments of Agriculture and city governments throughout Spain where silos are site

Skeletonized coronary arteries: pathophysiological and clinical aspects of vascular calcification

The role of calcification in coronary artery disease is gaining importance, both in research studies and in clinical application. Calcified plaque has long been considered to be the most important atherosclerotic plaque within the arterial tree and frequently presents a challenge for percutaneous intervention. Current investigations have shown that plaque calcification has a dynamic course that is closely related to the magnitude of vascular inflammation. Numerous inflammatory factors synthesized during the early stages of atherosclerosis induce the expression and activation of osteoblast-like cells localized in the arterial wall that produce calcium. There is no doubt that the role of these factors in calcification associated with coronary artery disease could be a crucial strategic point in prevention and treatment. A number of diagnostic imaging methods have been developed in recent years, but their performance needs to be improved. In this context, we undertook an update on coronary calcification, focusing on physiopathology, clinical implications, and imaging techniques

Automatic solid-phase extraction by programmable flow injection coupled to chromatographic fluorimetric determination of fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum bactericidal agents applied for the treatment of human and veterinary diseases. Their common use and their incorrect disposal foster environmental contamination, namely in water resources, increasing the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Hence, a method based on automatic solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection is proposed for the determination of fluoroquinolones in environmental waters. For the solid-phase extraction procedure, a commercially available molecularly imprinted polymer targeting fluoroquinolones was trapped inside a flow-through extraction column, integrated into a programmable flow injection system using multisyringe flow injection analysis, where all steps concerning sorbent conditioning, sample loading, matrix removal, and analyte elution were performed under computer control. The eluate resulting from the sample preparation was collected and transferred at-line to chromatographic analysis using a reversed-phase monolithic column coupled to a fluorimetric detector, and isocratic elution with methanol-phosphoric acid (pH 3.0; 5.0 mM) (17.5:82.5, v/v) at a flow rate of 3.5 mL min-1. Sample treatment and chromatographic analysis were performed in tandem, with sample throughput limited by the sample treatment step. Calibration curves based on fluorescence intensity vs. analyte mass were obtained in the range of 10 to 1000 pg for norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin with LOD values of 6-19 ng L-1 for a sample volume of 100 mL, and RSD < 11% at 0.7 ¿g L-1. The method was successfully applied to estuarine river water analysis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Ecuador. A brief review

Chagas disease is a complex public health problem that has been underestimated in Ecuador. Here we review the relevant published information, and present unpublished and new data that help to understand the current Chagas disease epidemiological situation and its evolution in the country. Three main characteristics have been identified: (i) persistence of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in already known foci; (ii) a marked endemicity in some urban areas of Guayaquil; and (iii) the transformation of new Amazon foci into truly endemic areas. The situation in other suspect areas remains uncertain. Five Triatominae species have been implicated in the transmission of T. cruzi to people in Ecuador (Triatoma dimidiata, Rhodnius ecuadoriensis, R. pictipes, R. robustus and Panstrongylus geniculatus), but some others may also play a role in some areas (P. rufotuberculatus, P. howardi, T. carrioni and P. chinai). Other Triatominae reported seem to have little or no epidemiological relevance (T. venosa, T. dispar, Eratyrus mucronatus, E. cuspidatus, P. lignarius and Cavernicola pilosa). High frequency of acute cases and severe chronic disease has been observed. Although cardiomyopathy is more frequent, serious digestive disease is also present. It is estimated that around 120,000-200,000 people may be infected. 2.2 to 3.8 million people are estimated to live under transmission risk conditions