PEMBERIAN BANTUAN HUKUM BAGI TERSANGKA DALAM PROSES PENYIDIKAN

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana hak tersangka untuk mendapatkan bantuan hukum dalam proses penyidikan perkara pidana dan bagaimanakah proses hukum bagi advokat yang tidak melaksanakan profesinya dalam pemberian bantuan hukum terhadap tersangka, di mana dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan: 1. Pemberian bantuan hukum kepada tersangka sejak permulaan pemeriksaan perkaranya. Dalam arti bahwa sejak pemeriksaan tahap penyidikan, seorang tersangka berhak untuk didampingi seorang penasehat hukum. Penasihat hukum pada dasarnya adalah memberikan bantuan hukum kepada kliennya di pengadilan maupun di luar pengadilan seperti mendampingi, mewakili, membela. Dalam proses penyidikan di kepolisian peranan seorang penasihat hukum adalah sebagai pendamping agar hak-hak dari tersangka / kliennya tidak dilanggar oleh penyidik kepolisian, salah satu hak yang diberikan kepada tersangka terdakwa dalam proses penyelesaian perkara pidana adalah hak untuk mendapatkan bantuan hukum, di samping beberapa hak lainnya seperti mendapat pemeriksaan, hak untuk diberitahukan kesalahannya, hak untuk mendapat kunjungan keluarga dan lain-lain, karena walau bagaimanapun juga seorang tersangka / klien yang sedang diperiksa memiliki hak yang sama di muka hukum seperti masyarakat lainnya. 2. Pemenuhan bantuan hukum terhadap tersangka dalam proses penyidikan sangat diperlukan oleh tersangka untuk melindungi hak asasi tersangka dan terhidar dari tindakan arogansi, kesewenang-wenangan dan tindak kekerasan fisik maupun psikis yang dilakukan oleh penyidik terutama dalam hal tersangka disangka melakukan tindak pidana yang diancam pidana lima tahun atau lebih yang tidak mempunyai penasihat hukum sendiri penyidik wajib menunjuk penasihat hukum tersangka. Kalau pun advokat tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya memberikan bantuan hukum cuma-cuma, advokat tersebut hanya dapat diberikan sanksi berupa: (1) teguran lisan; (2) teguran tertulis; (3) pemberhentian sementara dari profesinya selama 3 (tiga) sampai dengan 12 (dua belas) bulan berturut-turut; atau (4). pemberhentian tetap dari profesinya. Selain sanksi administratif tersebut, sanksi lain hanya bisa dilakukan organisasi advokat berdasarkan Kode Etik Advokat.Kata kunci: bantuan hukum; penyidikan

Uprolides N, O and P from the Panamanian Octocoral Eunicea succinea.

Three new diterpenes, uprolide N (1), uprolide O (2), uprolide P (3) and a known one, dolabellane (4), were isolated from the CH₂Cl₂-MeOH extract of the gorgonian octocoral Eunicea succinea, collected from Bocas del Toro, on the Caribbean coast of Panama. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) together with molecular modeling studies. Compounds 1-3 displayed anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Interleukin (IL)-6 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine macrophages

Perancangan Fotografi Dengan Konsep Surrealist Fashion Bertema Zodiak Untuk Fotografi Pre-sweet Seventeen

Perayaan sweet seventeen di Indonesia saat ini telah menjadi sebuah fenomena. Dirayakan secara besar – besaran, perayaan ulang tahun ke-17 bagi remaja putri ini pun seakan menjadi ajang perlombaan gengsi bagi kalangan tertentu. Vendor – vendor yang khusus menangani perayaan tersebut seperti event organizer, stage performance, videography dan photography pun menghabiskan biaya yang relatif besar. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa pasar bagi fotografer sweet seventeen masih luas.Namun saat ini banyak fotografer sweet seventeen yang telah mengalami kejenuhan dan kehilangan identitas karyanya. Karya yang satu dengan yang lainnya antara sesama fotografer sweet seventeen tak jauh berbeda, hal ini disebabkan karena kurangnya keberanian untuk eksplorasi dan berkomunikasi dengan klien. Perancangan ini berusaha mengeksplorasi tema yang berbeda dan mengolah fashion dengan lebih kreatif untuk menginspirasi para fotografer sweet seventeen dan memberikan pengetahuan tentang pasar sweet seventeen yang masih luas, kemudian membuat sebuah tren fotografi baru

Match analysis in football: a systematic review

The main focus of this paper was to review the available literature on match analysis in adult male football. The most common research topics were identified, their methodologies described and the evolutionary tendencies of this research area systematised. A systematic review of Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge database was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. The following keywords were used: football and soccer, each one associated with the terms: match analysis, performance analysis, notational analysis, game analysis, tactical analysis and patterns of play. Of 2732 studies initially identified, only 53 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures abstracted and analysed. Studies that fit all inclusion criteria were organised according to their research design as descriptive, comparative or predictive. Results showed that 10 studies focused predominantly on a description of technical, tactical and physical performance variables. From all comparative studies, the dependent variables more frequently used were “playing position” and “competitive level”. Even though the literature stresses the importance of developing predictive models of sports performance, only few studies (n = 8) have focused on modelling football performance. Situational variables like game location, quality of opposing teams, match status and match half have been progressively included as object of research, since they seem to work as effective covariables of football performance. Taking into account the limitations of the reviewed studies, future research should provide comprehensive operational definitions for the studied variables, use standardised categories and description of activities and participants, and consider integrating the situational and interactional contexts into the analysis of football performance

Transformação de algodão (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) através do uso de policátion.

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Microbiological, biochemical and compositional changes during ripening of São Jorge – a raw milk cheese from the Azores (Portugal)

The microbial, compositional and biochemical profiles of São Jorge cheese (PDO) obtained from three distinct cheese plants, throughout the ripening period were determined. Fully ripened cheeses (i.e. by 130 days) contained a total of 3.1 107 CFU g 1 mesophilic bacteria, and a decrease in moisture content, concomitantly with an increase in salt content, was observed throughout the same time frame. The pH decreased until 30 days of ripening; thereafter, a slight increase was reported, up to 5.6 by the end of ripening. Urea-PAGE results showed extensive primary proteolysis, of both b-casein and as1-casein degraded at essentially similar rates; plasmin and chymosin accordingly appear to be active in the cheese curd. RP-HPLC profiles of water-soluble fractions showed minor differences between 1 and 130 day old cheeses, whereas equivalent profiles of 7% (v/v) ethanol-soluble fractions contained several peaks, indicative of a heterogeneous mixture of products of proteolysis, that evolved with time

Beneath the surface: Community assembly and functions of the coral skeleton microbiome

© 2019 The Author(s). Coral microbial ecology is a burgeoning field, driven by the urgency of understanding coral health and slowing reef loss due to climate change. Coral resilience depends on its microbiota, and both the tissue and the underlying skeleton are home to a rich biodiversity of eukaryotic, bacterial and archaeal species that form an integral part of the coral holobiont. New techniques now enable detailed studies of the endolithic habitat, and our knowledge of the skeletal microbial community and its eco-physiology is increasing rapidly, with multiple lines of evidence for the importance of the skeletal microbiota in coral health and functioning. Here, we review the roles these organisms play in the holobiont, including nutritional exchanges with the coral host and decalcification of the host skeleton. Microbial metabolism causes steep physico-chemical gradients in the skeleton, creating micro-niches that, along with dispersal limitation and priority effects, define the fine-scale microbial community assembly. Coral bleaching causes drastic changes in the skeletal microbiome, which can mitigate bleaching effects and promote coral survival during stress periods, but may also have detrimental effects. Finally, we discuss the idea that the skeleton may function as a microbial reservoir that can promote recolonization of the tissue microbiome following dysbiosis and help the coral holobiont return to homeostasis

Dudawalamides A−D, Antiparasitic Cyclic Depsipeptides from the Marine Cyanobacterium Moorea producens

HPLC. DudA family of 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-7-octynoic acid (Dhoya)-containing cyclic depsipeptides, named dudawalamides A−D (1−4), was isolated from a Papua New Guinean field collection of the cyanobacterium Moorea producens using bioassay-guided and spectroscopic approaches. The planar structures of dudawalamides A−D were determined by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR experiments and MS analysis, whereas the absolute configurations were determined by X-ray crystallography, modified Marfey’s analysis, chiral-phase GCMS, and chiral-phase awalamides A−D possess a broad spectrum of antiparasitic activity with minimal mammalian cell cytotoxicity. Comparative analysis of the Dhoya-containing class of lipopeptides reveals intriguing structure−activity relationship features of these NRPS−PKS-derived metabolites and their derivatives.HPLC. DudA family of 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-7-octynoic acid (Dhoya)-containing cyclic depsipeptides, named dudawalamides A−D (1−4), was isolated from a Papua New Guinean field collection of the cyanobacterium Moorea producens using bioassay-guided and spectroscopic approaches. The planar structures of dudawalamides A−D were determined by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR experiments and MS analysis, whereas the absolute configurations were determined by X-ray crystallography, modified Marfey’s analysis, chiral-phase GCMS, and chiral-phase awalamides A−D possess a broad spectrum of antiparasitic activity with minimal mammalian cell cytotoxicity. Comparative analysis of the Dhoya-containing class of lipopeptides reveals intriguing structure−activity relationship features of these NRPS−PKS-derived metabolites and their derivatives

Laboratory Characterization and Astrophysical Detection of Vibrationally Excited States of Vinyl Cyanide in Orion-KL

New laboratory data of CH$_2$CHCN (vinyl cyanide) in its ground and vibrationally excited states at the microwave to THz domain allow searching for these excited state transitions in the Orion-KL line survey. Frequency-modulated spectrometers combined into a single broadband 50-1900 GHz spectrum provided measurements of CH$_2$CHCN covering a spectral range of 18-1893 GHz, whose assignments was confirmed by Stark modulation spectra in the 18-40 GHz region and by ab-initio anharmonic force field calculations. For analyzing the emission lines of CH$_2$CHCN species detected in Orion-KL we used the excitation and radiative transfer code (MADEX) at LTE conditions. The rotational transitions of the ground state of this molecule emerge from four cloud components of hot core nature which trace the physical and chemical conditions of high mass star forming regions in the Orion-KL Nebula. The total column density of CH$_2$CHCN in the ground state is (3.0$\pm$0.9)x10$^{15}$ cm$^{-2}$. We report on the first interstellar detection of transitions in the v10=1/(v11=1,v15=1) dyad in space, and in the v11=2 and v11=3 states in Orion-KL. The lowest energy vibrationally excited states of vinyl cyanide such as v11=1 (at 328.5 K), v15=1 (at 478.6 K), v11=2 (at 657.8 K), the v10=1/(v11=1,v15=1) dyad (at 806.4/809.9 K), and v11=3 (at 987.9 K) are populated under warm and dense conditions, so they probe the hottest parts of the Orion-KL source. Column density and rotational and vibrational temperatures for CH$_2$CHCN in their ground and excited states, as well as for the isotopologues, have been constrained by means of a sample of more than 1000 lines in this survey. Moreover, we present the detection of methyl isocyanide (CH$_3$NC) for the first time in Orion-KL and a tentative detection of vinyl isocyanide (CH$_2$CHNC) and give column density ratios between the cyanide and isocyanide isomers.Comment: 46 pages, 22 figures, 14 tables, 9 online table

A Pentanucleotide ATTTC Repeat Insertion in the Non-coding Region of DAB1, Mapping to SCA37, Causes Spinocerebellar Ataxia

Advances in human genetics in recent years have largely been driven by next-generation sequencing (NGS); however, the discovery of disease-related gene mutations has been biased toward the exome because the large and very repetitive regions that characterize the non-coding genome remain difficult to reach by that technology. For autosomal-dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), 28 genes have been identified, but only five SCAs originate from non-coding mutations. Over half of SCA-affected families, however, remain without a genetic diagnosis. We used genome-wide linkage analysis, NGS, and repeat analysis to identify an (ATTTC)n insertion in a polymorphic ATTTT repeat in DAB1 in chromosomal region 1p32.2 as the cause of autosomal-dominant SCA; this region has been previously linked to SCA37. The non-pathogenic and pathogenic alleles have the configurations [(ATTTT)7-400] and [(ATTTT)60-79(ATTTC)31-75(ATTTT)58-90], respectively. (ATTTC)n insertions are present on a distinct haplotype and show an inverse correlation between size and age of onset. In the DAB1-oriented strand, (ATTTC)n is located in 5' UTR introns of cerebellar-specific transcripts arising mostly during human fetal brain development from the usage of alternative promoters, but it is maintained in the adult cerebellum. Overexpression of the transfected (ATTTC)58 insertion, but not (ATTTT)n, leads to abnormal nuclear RNA accumulation. Zebrafish embryos injected with RNA of the (AUUUC)58 insertion, but not (AUUUU)n, showed lethal developmental malformations. Together, these results establish an unstable repeat insertion in DAB1 as a cause of cerebellar degeneration; on the basis of the genetic and phenotypic evidence, we propose this mutation as the molecular basis for SCA37.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio