Estrategias did?cticas para la ense?anza de la lengua escrita en docentes del grado primero de la instituci?n educativa Leonidas Rubio Villegas, sede Martires

33 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl proyecto de investigaci?n titulado: Estrategias did?cticas para la ense?anza de la lengua escrita en docentes del grado primero de la Instituci?n Educativa Leonidas Rubio Villegas - sede m?rtires, pretende un diagn?stico de car?cter cualitativo en el que se aprecie: cu?les son las formas de ense?anza de la lengua escrita utilizadas por docentes del grado primero de tal instituci?n, con el fin de establecer un an?lisis de las mismas, y de manera posterior; plantear una propuesta que alterne el proceso de ense?anza ? aprendizaje de la escritura en estudiantes de este curso. Durante el desarrollo del trabajo, podr?n encontrarse una serie de elementos utilizados en pro del cumplimiento de los objetivos formulados. Por lo anterior, se hace fundamental el empleo de una metodolog?a espec?fica, con el fin de desarrollar a cabalidad la propuesta de investigaci?n. Tal momento se caracterizar? por estar situado en un nivel explicativo y un dise?o experimental, por poseer una poblaci?n, un procedimiento y el respectivo an?lisis de resultados; con el prop?sito de llegar a conclusiones y recomendaciones que signifiquen un aporte a las formas de ense?anza de la lengua escrita en docentes de tal plantel educativo. Palabras Clave: Formas de ense?anza, estrategias did?cticas, lengua escrita.Research ?Teaching strategies for teaching the written language in first grade teachers at Leonidas Rubio Villegas school, headquarters m?rtires?, search a qualitative diagnosis where are appreciated ways to teach the written language by first grade teacher from that school, in order to establish an analysis of them and later pose a proposal that alternates the teaching ? learning process of writing in students from this course. During the development of this Project will be found a number of elements used towards fulfillment the stated objectives. Therefore, It is essential to use an specific methodology, in ordet to develop fully the research proposal. That moment is going to be characterized to be located in an explanatory level and an experimental design, by having a population, a method and the respective results analysis; all there with the purpose to find conclusions and recommendations which means a contribution to forms of teaching written language in teacher of that school. Keywords: Ways of teaching, teaching strategies, written language

Dise?o e implementaci?n del mundo caim?n del videojuego jaguares, que da a conocer la morfolog?a, uso y significado de la cer?mica de los ancestros del Tolima.

98 p. Recurso Electr?nicoDurante d?cadas, el Museo Antropol?gico de la Universidad del Tolima y el grupo GRAPA (Grupo de Investigaci?n en Arqueolog?a y Patrimonio Regional) han realizado investigaciones arqueol?gicas a lo largo del territorio tolimense, logrando hallazgos f?siles de animales y vegetales, adem?s de elementos cer?micos que datan desde 10.000 a.C. hasta la conquista y colonia espa?ola. Sin embargo, las nuevas generaciones se muestran indiferentes ante los conocimientos obtenidos. Este proyecto busca crear un videojuego para ense?ar de manera novedosa, a ni?os con edades entre ocho a catorce a?os sobre las cer?micas tolimenses. Se implementa sobre Unity v5.5.1f1, aplicando la metodolog?a de desarrollo ?gil SUM que se adapta para la creaci?n de videojuegos utilizando roles de SCRUM, e incorpora seis fases consecutivas que son: concepto, planificaci?n, elaboraci?n, beta, cierre y gesti?n de riesgos que se realiza de manera continua durante la ejecuci?n del desarrollo. Durante la fase de concepto se realiza una investigaci?n amplia sobre la cer?mica tolimense, que posteriormente sirve como insumo para crear una propuesta detallada y s?lida en la etapa de planificaci?n. En la fase de elaboraci?n se aplica la metodolog?a de Arquitectura Dirigida por Modelos (MDA) orientada a la elaboraci?n de videojuegos. Esta fase se realiza de manera iterativa y en conjunto con las pruebas Beta que permiten evaluar el cumplimiento de los objetivos planteados a medida que se avanza en el desarrollo. Por ?ltimo en la fase de cierre se generan los productos finales y se eval?an las lecciones aprendidas. Palabras claves: Unity, Videojuego 2D, Videojuego Educativo, Metodolog?a SUM, Museo Antropol?gico, Cer?mica tolimense.For decades, the Anthropological Museum of the University of Tolima and the group GRAPA (Research Group in Archeology and Regional Heritage) have carried out archaeological research throughout the territory of Tolima, finding fossil of animals and plants, as well as ceramic elements dating back to from 10,000 BC until the Spanish conquest and colony. However, the new generations are indifferent to the knowledge obtained. This project seeks to create a video game to teach in a novel way, to children aged between eight and fourteen years old, about the ceramics of Tolima. It is implemented on Unity v5.5.1f1, applying the agile development methodology SUM that is adapted for the creation of video games using SCRUM roles, and incorporates six consecutive phases that are: concept, planning, preparation, beta, closure and risk management that is done continuously during the execution of the development. During the concept phase, a comprehensive investigation is carried out on ceramic of Tolima, which later serves as an input to create a detailed and solid proposal in the planning stage. In the elaboration phase, the methodology of Model-Directed Architecture (MDA), oriented to the elaboration of videogames is applied. This phase is carried out iteratively and in conjunction with Beta tests that allow evaluating compliance with the objectives set as progress is made in development. Finally, in the closing phase, the final products are generated and the lessons learned are evaluated. Keywords: Unity, 2D Videogame, Educational Videogame, SUM Methodology, Anthropological Museum, Tolima?s Ceramics

Representaciones sociales que tienen los docentes y estudiantes de la Universidad del Tolima sobre la escritura y el ensayo como g?nero acad?mico

120 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLa siguiente investigaci?n tiene como objetivo general ?Identificar las representaciones sociales que tienen los docentes y estudiantes de la Universidad del Tolima sobre la escritura y el ensayo como g?nero acad?mico?. En esta indagaci?n fue posible identificar las dificultades que tienen los estudiantes con el manejo del c?digo escrito y los vac?os conceptuales que poseen los docentes sobre el ensayo como g?nero acad?mico. Esto se debe a varias problem?ticas identificadas en el presente estudio, pues inicialmente los docentes suponen que los educandos llegan con conocimientos previos a la universidad, desentendi?ndose entonces de su rol como gu?a y orientador del proceso de ense?anza aprendizaje, primando as? un curr?culo oculto y una ense?anza impl?cita que tanto da?o a causado a la educaci?n. As? mismo, esta creencia ha llevado a que el educando reproduzca la cultura del facilismo, del copie y pegue, opacando as? su voz y su pensamiento. En este sentido, gracias a los hallazgos encontrados y al an?lisis de resultados realizado, es posible confirmar las dificultades que se presentan en el contexto universitario con la ense?anza del c?digo escrito, pues desafortunadamente, los docentes tienen una mirada instrumental de la escritura, su visi?n es funcionalista y pragm?tica, dejando de lado su esencia como potenciadora del pensamiento y herramienta para construir el conocimiento. Esta creencia es reproducida as? mismo por los estudiantes, quienes expresaron en la encuesta y en el grupo de discusi?n que la escritura es una forma de expresar ideas, pensamientos y emociones. As? mismo, que es un medio de comunicaci?n y un instrumento importante, confirmando entonces el pensamiento del docente, un pensamiento que debe ser cambiado y renovado a partir de la toma de consciencia y el cambio real en la pr?ctica pedag?gica. Como demuestran los resultados de la investigaci?n, es posible generar cambios reales a partir de la institucionalizaci?n del ensayo, pues al haber un acuerdo pedag?gico coherente y consciente, es viable planear y planificar las tareas y los compromisos acad?micos pactados al inicio del semestre, contando entonces el estudiante con la oportunidad de ser orientado y acompa?ado por los docentes en la construcci?n del ensayo y/o los textos asignados. As? mismo, se propender? por el desarrollo del pensamiento y la construcci?n del conocimiento al plantearse la posibilidad de crear un proyecto colectivo entre los docentes de los diferentes programas acad?micos de la universidad con el fin de contribuir con la producci?n textual de los estudiantes, quienes al igual que los docentes presentan inconvenientes de tiempo, de dinero, de lugar, de desplazamiento, entre otros factores, impidiendo el buen desempe?o de los estudiantes, quienes con el apoyo de los profesores y el desarrollo de estrategias did?cticas y pedag?gicas pueden llegar a escribir en cada disciplina de manera acad?micamente correcta. Palabras claves: Representaciones sociales, escritura acad?mica, ensayo.The following research has as a general objective "Identify the social representations that the teachers and students of the Universidad del Tolima have about writing and essay as an academic genre". In this inquiry it was possible to identify the difficulties that the students have with the handling of the written code and the conceptual vacuums that the teachers have about the essay as an academic genre. This is due to several problems identified in this study, because initially teachers assume that students arrive with prior knowledge of the university, thus disregarding their role as a guide and guide of the teaching-learning process, thus giving priority to a hidden curriculum and a implicit teaching that caused so much damage to education. Likewise, this belief has led the student to reproduce the culture of facilism, copy and paste, thus dulling his voice and his thought. In this sense, thanks to the findings and the analysis of results, it is possible to confirm the difficulties that arise in the university context with the teaching of the written code, because unfortunately, teachers have an instrumental view of writing, their vision It is functionalist and pragmatic, leaving aside its essence as an enhancer of thought and a tool to build knowledge. This belief is reproduced by the students themselves, who expressed in the survey and in the discussion group that writing is a way of expressing ideas, thoughts and emotions. Likewise, it is a means of communication and an important instrument, confirming then the teacher's thought, a thought that must be changed and renewed from the awareness and real change in pedagogical practice. As shown by the results of the research, it is possible to generate real changes from the institutionalization of the trial, because having a coherent and conscious pedagogical agreement, it is feasible to plan and plan the tasks and academic commitments agreed at the beginning of the semester, counting then the student with the opportunity to be guided and accompanied by the teachers in the construction of the essay and / or the assigned texts. Likewise, the development of thought and the construction of knowledge will be fostered by considering the possibility of creating a collective project among the teachers of the different academic programs of the university in order to contribute to the textual production of the students, who Just as teachers have problems of time, money, place, displacement, among other factors, preventing the good performance of students, who with the support of teachers and the development of teaching and pedagogical strategies can write in each discipline in an academically correct manner. Keywords: Social representations, academic writing, essay

Perioperative haemostasis with full-length, PEGylated, recombinant factor VIII with extended half-life (rurioctocog alfa pegol) in patients with haemophilia A: Final results of a multicentre, single-arm phase III trial

INTRODUCTION: Rurioctocog alfa pegol (BAX 855, TAK-660) is a PEGylated, full-length, recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) with extended half-life developed from unmodified rFVIII (antihaemophilic factor [recombinant]). AIM: To determine the perioperative haemostatic efficacy and safety of rurioctocog alfa pegol in male previously treated patients (PTPs) with severe haemophilia A. METHODS: This multicentre, single-arm, phase III study included PTPs who were to undergo major or minor elective or minor emergency surgical, dental or other invasive procedures. Rurioctocog alfa pegol dose and frequency were individualized based on patients' pharmacokinetic profiles for major surgeries and by rurioctocog alfa pegol incremental recovery for minor surgeries. Haemostatic efficacy was assessed using the Global Haemostatic Efficacy Assessment score. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients aged 16-61 years underwent 21 major and five minor surgeries. For all 24 evaluable surgeries, overall haemostatic efficacy was rated as excellent and blood loss comparable to that expected in non-haemophilic patients. No blood transfusions were required intraoperatively but were administered postoperatively for four surgeries in three patients. Five injury-related postoperative bleeding episodes occurred in five patients, of which two required additional rurioctocog alfa pegol treatment. Two non-serious adverse events of mild severity (increased ALT level and headache) were considered possibly related to rurioctocog alfa pegol. There were no deaths or treatment-related serious adverse events. No patients developed inhibitory antibodies to FVIII or persistent IgG- or IgM-binding antibodies to FVIII, PEG-FVIII or PEG. CONCLUSION: Rurioctocog alfa pegol was well tolerated and effective for perioperative use in patients with haemophilia A and showed no signs of immunogenicity

Increased urinary markers of kidney damage in the institutionalized frail elderly due to recurrent urinary tract infections.

Objective: To characterize the impact on kidney injury of recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) in the frail elderly. Methods: Prospective observational study in 200 frail elderly subjects for 1 year. Groups: GA (n = 100): subjects without RUTI, GB (n = 100): subjects with RUTI. Variables: age, concomitant diseases, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) at the beginning (NGAL-1) and end (NGAL-2) of the study, urine N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) at the beginning (NAG-1) and the end (NAG-2) of the study, urine transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFbeta-1). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate analysis were used. Results: Mean age was 84.33 (65-99) years old, with no difference between GA and GB. Mean NGAL-1 was 1.29 ng/ml (0.04-8). There was lower in GA than in GB. Mean NGAL-2 was 1.41 ng/ml (0.02-9.22). NGAL-2 was lower in GA than in GB. Mean NAG-1 was 0.38 UU.II/ml (0.01-2.63. NAG-1 in GA was lower than in GB. Mean NAG-2 was 0.44 UU.II/ml (0-3.41). NAG-2 was lower in GA compared with GB. Mean TGFbeta-1 was 23.43 pg/ml (0.02-103.76). TGFbeta-1 was lower in GA than GB. There were no differences in the presence of secondary diagnoses between GA and GB. NAG-2 and NGAL-1 were the most determining factors of renal function; in GA it was NGAL-2, followed by NAG-1; in GB it was NGAL-1, followed by NAG-2. Conclusion: Frail elderly with RUTI have higher urinary levels of renal injury markers, specifically NGAL, NAG, and TGFbeta-1, chronically in periods between urinary tract infection (UTI). Urinary markers of renal injury, specifically NGAL, NAG, and TGFbeta-1, identify early deterioration of renal function, compared with serum creatinine, or albuminuria, in frail elderly with recurrent urinary infections

Accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubin on covered skin in preterm and term newborns receiving phototherapy using a JM-105 bilirubinometer

OBJECTIVE: Determine the suitability of transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) as a tool to assess the effectiveness of phototherapy on patched skin. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study was conducted. We covered a fragment of skin (sternum) with a photo-opaque patch. Several simultaneous TCB and TSB measurements were performed with the JM-105 bilirubinometer. Bland and Altman test evaluated the agreement between bilirubin levels. RESULT: A total of 217 patients were studied, 48.8% were preterm. The mean difference between TSB and TCB before the start of treatment was 1.07 mg/dL. During phototherapy, differences on covered skin were 0.52, 0.27, and 0.39 mg/dL at 24, 48, and 72 h of therapy respectively. The best correlation was observed at 48 h in preterm infants. CONCLUSION: The measurement of TCB on patched skin (PTCB) is useful for monitoring the response to phototherapy in term and preterm infants. We use a patch with a removable flap that eases successive measures without disturbing the patients

A Guide to Carrying Out a Phylogenomic Target Sequence Capture Project

High-throughput DNA sequencing techniques enable time- and cost-effective sequencing of large portions of the genome. Instead of sequencing and annotating whole genomes, many phylogenetic studies focus sequencing effort on large sets of pre-selected loci, which further reduces costs and bioinformatic challenges while increasing coverage. One common approach that enriches loci before sequencing is often referred to as target sequence capture. This technique has been shown to be applicable to phylogenetic studies of greatly varying evolutionary depth. Moreover, it has proven to produce powerful, large multi-locus DNA sequence datasets suitable for phylogenetic analyses. However, target capture requires careful considerations, which may greatly affect the success of experiments. Here we provide a simple flowchart for designing phylogenomic target capture experiments. We discuss necessary decisions from the identification of target loci to the final bioinformatic processing of sequence data. We outline challenges and solutions related to the taxonomic scope, sample quality, and available genomic resources of target capture projects. We hope this review will serve as a useful roadmap for designing and carrying out successful phylogenetic target capture studies. © Copyright © 2020 Andermann, Torres Jiménez, Matos-Maraví, Batista, Blanco-Pastor, Gustafsson, Kistler, Liberal, Oxelman, Bacon and Antonelli

A Guide to Carrying Out a Phylogenomic Target Sequence Capture Project

High-throughput DNA sequencing techniques enable time- and cost-effective sequencing of large portions of the genome. Instead of sequencing and annotating whole genomes, many phylogenetic studies focus sequencing effort on large sets of pre-selected loci, which further reduces costs and bioinformatic challenges while increasing coverage. One common approach that enriches loci before sequencing is often referred to as target sequence capture. This technique has been shown to be applicable to phylogenetic studies of greatly varying evolutionary depth. Moreover, it has proven to produce powerful, large multi-locus DNA sequence datasets suitable for phylogenetic analyses. However, target capture requires careful considerations, which may greatly affect the success of experiments. Here we provide a simple flowchart for designing phylogenomic target capture experiments. We discuss necessary decisions from the identification of target loci to the final bioinformatic processing of sequence data. We outline challenges and solutions related to the taxonomic scope, sample quality, and available genomic resources of target capture projects. We hope this review will serve as a useful roadmap for designing and carrying out successful phylogenetic target capture studies. © Copyright © 2020 Andermann, Torres Jiménez, Matos-Maraví, Batista, Blanco-Pastor, Gustafsson, Kistler, Liberal, Oxelman, Bacon and Antonelli

A Guide to Carrying Out a Phylogenomic Target Sequence Capture Project

High-throughput DNA sequencing techniques enable time- and cost-effective sequencing of large portions of the genome. Instead of sequencing and annotating whole genomes, many phylogenetic studies focus sequencing effort on large sets of pre-selected loci, which further reduces costs and bioinformatic challenges while increasing coverage. One common approach that enriches loci before sequencing is often referred to as target sequence capture. This technique has been shown to be applicable to phylogenetic studies of greatly varying evolutionary depth. Moreover, it has proven to produce powerful, large multi-locus DNA sequence datasets suitable for phylogenetic analyses. However, target capture requires careful considerations, which may greatly affect the success of experiments. Here we provide a simple flowchart for designing phylogenomic target capture experiments. We discuss necessary decisions from the identification of target loci to the final bioinformatic processing of sequence data. We outline challenges and solutions related to the taxonomic scope, sample quality, and available genomic resources of target capture projects. We hope this review will serve as a useful roadmap for designing and carrying out successful phylogenetic target capture studies. © Copyright © 2020 Andermann, Torres Jiménez, Matos-Maraví, Batista, Blanco-Pastor, Gustafsson, Kistler, Liberal, Oxelman, Bacon and Antonelli

Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on liver cancer management (CERO-19).

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems and it may have heavily impacted patients with liver cancer (LC). Herein, we evaluated whether the schedule of LC screening or procedures has been interrupted or delayed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An international survey evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical practice and clinical trials from March 2020 to June 2020, as the first phase of a multicentre, international, and observational project. The focus was on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, cared for around the world during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave. RESULTS: Ninety-one centres expressed interest to participate and 76 were included in the analysis, from Europe, South America, North America, Asia, and Africa (73.7%, 17.1%, 5.3%, 2.6%, and 1.3% per continent, respectively). Eighty-seven percent of the centres modified their clinical practice: 40.8% the diagnostic procedures, 80.9% the screening programme, 50% cancelled curative and/or palliative treatments for LC, and 41.7% modified the liver transplantation programme. Forty-five out of 69 (65.2%) centres in which clinical trials were running modified their treatments in that setting, but 58.1% were able to recruit new patients. The phone call service was modified in 51.4% of centres which had this service before the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 19/37). CONCLUSIONS: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic had a tremendous impact on the routine care of patients with liver cancer. Modifications in screening, diagnostic, and treatment algorithms may have significantly impaired the outcome of patients. Ongoing data collection and future analyses will report the benefits and disadvantages of the strategies implemented, aiding future decision-making. LAY SUMMARY: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems globally. Herein, we assessed the impact of the first wave pandemic on patients with liver cancer and found that routine care for these patients has been majorly disrupted, which could have a significant impact on outcomes