Visualisation of Perception of Experiential Activities in Business and Administration and Economy

This paper explores how to incorporate information visualization tools into qualitative studies to represent the underlying structure of knowledge. Information visualization plays a key role in many areas such as decision-making, data mining, market studies, or knowledge management. A case of experiential learning was developed for Quantitative Techniques in Business and Administration and Economy Degrees at the University of Granada, Spain. The goal is to analyze the opinion of students (n = 227) on the development of the activity through information visualization techniques. The gathered information was subjected to a categorization process to unify and homogenize the responses. After a term-clumping process, a co-word analysis using the VosViewer software is used to analyze the relationships among terms and provide the network maps. Results display the main associations and clusters of terms used when assessing the experiential activity, using qualitative techniques. In conclusion, the strengths of data visualization enabling a better understanding of data for qualitative studies are established

El portafolio digital como recurso didáctico en las aulas universitarias

En el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior la formación se centra en el desarrollo de competencias. Esto supone un nuevo planteamiento en torno a las metodologías desarrolladas en las aulas universitarias. El presente capítulo versa sobre el portafolio digital como herramienta didáctica facilitadora de la competencia básica de “aprender a aprender”, entre otras, y del protagonismo del estudiante en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje

Maintenance of immune tolerance by Foxp3+ regulatory T cells requires CD69 expression

Although FoxP3+ regulatory T cells are key players in the maintenance of immune tolerance and autoimmunity, the lack of specific markers constitute an obstacle to their use for immunotherapy protocols. In this study, we have investigated the role of the C-type lectin receptor CD69 in the suppressor function of Tregs and maintenance of immune tolerance towards harmless inhaled antigens. We identified a novel FoxP3+CD69+ Treg subset capable to maintain immune tolerance and protect to developing inflammation. Although CD69+ and CD69−FoxP3+ Tregs exist in homeostasis, only CD69-expressing Tregs express high levels of CTLA-4, ICOS, CD38 and GITR suppression-associated markers, secrete high amounts of TGFβ and have potent suppressor activity. This activity is regulated by STAT5 and ERK signaling pathways and is impaired by antibody-mediated down-regulation of CD69 expression. Moreover, immunotherapy with FoxP3+CD69+ Tregs restores the homeostasis in Cd69−/− mice, that fail to induce tolerance, and is also highly proficient in the prevention of inflammation. The identification of the FoxP3+CD69+ Treg subset paves the way toward the development of new therapeutic strategies to control immune homeostasis and autoimmunityThis work was supported by funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness: SAF2011-27330 to P.M., SAF2010-15106 to M.L.T and SAF2011-25834 to F.S-M.; grant INDISNET (S2010/BMD-2332) from Comunidad de Madrid and RETICS Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (RD12/0042/0056) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III to P.M and F. S-M; and ERC-2011-AdG294340-GENTRIS to F.S-M. J.R.C. was supported by a CNIC post-doctoral fellowship, R. S-D is funded with a pre-doctoral fellowship from Comunidad de Madrid and E.R.B. and A.M-M. were supported by a FPI pre-doctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The CNIC is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the Pro CNIC Foundatio

Maintenance of immune tolerance by Foxp3+ regulatory T cells requires CD69 expression

Although FoxP3+ regulatory T cells are key players in the maintenance of immune tolerance and autoimmunity, the lack of specific markers constitute an obstacle to their use for immunotherapy protocols. In this study, we have investigated the role of the C-type lectin receptor CD69 in the suppressor function of Tregs and maintenance of immune tolerance towards harmless inhaled antigens. We identified a novel FoxP3+CD69+ Treg subset capable to maintain immune tolerance and protect to developing inflammation. Although CD69+ and CD69-FoxP3+ Tregs exist in homeostasis, only CD69-expressing Tregs express high levels of CTLA-4, ICOS, CD38 and GITR suppression-associated markers, secrete high amounts of TGFβand have potent suppressor activity. This activity is regulated by STAT5 and ERK signaling pathways and is impaired by antibody-mediated down-regulation of CD69 expression. Moreover, immunotherapy with FoxP3+CD69+ Tregs restores the homeostasis in Cd69-/- mice, that fail to induce tolerance, and is also highly proficient in the prevention of inflammation. The identification of the FoxP3+CD69+ Treg subset paves the way toward the development of new therapeutic strategies to control immune homeostasis and autoimmunity.This work was supported by funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness: SAF2011-27330 to P.M., SAF2010-15106 to M.L.T and SAF2011-25834 to F.S-M.; grant INDISNET (S2010/BMD-2332) from Comunidad de Madrid and RETICS Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (RD12/0042/0056) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III to P.M and F. S-M; and ERC-2011-AdG294340-GENTRIS to F.S-M. J.R.C. was supported by a CNIC post-doctoral fellowship, R. S-D is funded with a pre-doctoral fellowship from Comunidad de Madrid and E.R.B. and A.M-M. were supported by a FPI pre-doctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The CNIC is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the Pro CNIC Foundation.Peer Reviewe

Expression Patterns of Irx Genes in the Developing Chick Inner Ear

© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.This document is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Accepted version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Brain Structure and Function. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-016-1326-6The vertebrate inner ear is a complex three-dimensional sensorial structure with auditory and vestibular functions. The molecular patterning of the developing otic epithelium creates various positional identities, consequently leading to the stereotyped specification of each neurosensory and non-sensory element of the membranous labyrinth. The Iroquois (Iro/Irx) genes, clustered in two groups (A: Irx1, Irx2, and Irx4; and B: Irx3, Irx5, and Irx6), encode for transcriptional factors involved directly in numerous patterning processes of embryonic tissues in many phyla. This work presents a detailed study of the expression patterns of these six Irx genes during chick inner ear development, paying particular attention to the axial specification of the otic anlagen. The Irx genes seem to play different roles at different embryonic periods. At the otic vesicle stage (HH18), all the genes of each cluster are expressed identically. Both clusters A and B seem involved in the specification of the lateral and posterior portions of the otic anlagen. Cluster B seems to regulate a larger area than cluster A, including the presumptive territory of the endolymphatic apparatus. Both clusters seem also to be involved in neurogenic events. At stages HH24/25-HH27, combinations of IrxA and IrxB genes participate in the specification of most sensory patches and some non-sensory components of the otic epithelium. At stage HH34, the six Irx genes show divergent patterns of expression, leading to the final specification of the membranous labyrinth, as well as to cell differentiation

Preconcepciones de estudiantes de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali sobre el curso de estadística

One the most important difficulties that teachers of statistics face in teaching statistics in undergraduate courses are the student ́s equivocal preconceived ideas regarding the course. A 16 items-questionnaire aimed to find out the student’ s experience in the courses of statistics and mathematics, their preconceived ideas regarding the statistic courses and their previous knowledge on statistics was answered by 239 students from different schools. The students have agreement about the importance of make at least one statistics course in his/her professional training. Results showed that the courses of statistics must be thought and planned so as to promote a cultural environment dominated by the statistical thought, rather than being considered a course of calculus or mathematics in which students usually operate and do calculations without having clear ideas about the problem that give rise to such operationsUna de las dificultades más importantes a que se enfrentan los profesores que enseñan estadística en cursos de pre-grado, son las ideas preconcebidas equivocadas respecto al curso. Un cuestionario de 16 puntos dirigido a averiguar la experiencia de los estudiantes en cursos de estadística y matemáticas, sus ideas preconcebidas respecto a los cursos de estadística y su conocimiento previo de la estadística fue respondido por 239 estudiantes de diferentes escuelas. Los estudiantes estuvieron de acuerdo en la importancia de realizar por lo menos un curso de estadística en su entrenamiento personal. Los resultados mostraron que los cursos de estadística deben pensarse y planearse de tal manera que se promueva un medio ambiente dominado por el pensamiento estadístico, en lugar de ser considerado un curso de cálculo o de matemáticas en el que los estudiantes actúan y hacen cálculos sin tener ideas claras sobre el problema que da pie a tales cálculosUma das mais importantes dificuldades que os professores afrontam no ensino da estatística em cursos de grado são as ideias equivocadas e preconcebidas dos alunos em quanto ao curso. Um questionário de 16 itens foi construído para descobrir no estudante a sua experiência nos cursos de matemática e estatística, suas ideias preconcebidas em relação a cursos de estatística e os seus conhecimentos prévios sobre as estadísticas, e fora respondido por 239 alunos de diferentes escolas. Os estudantes mostraram acordo sobre a importância de fazer pelo menos um curso estatístico na sua formação profissional. Os resultados mostraram que os cursos de estatísticas devem ser pensados e planejados de modo a promover um ambiente cultural dominado pelo pensamento estatístico, em vez de ser considerado um curso de cálculo ou matemática no qual os alunos costumam operar e fazer cálculos sem ter ideias claras sobre o problema que da origem a tais operações

Síndrome de hipersensibilidad a medicamentos con exantema, eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos inducido por carbamazepina

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a hypersensitivity reaction associated with a variety of drugs, mainly anticonvulsants, which is characterized by systemic symptoms and erythematous lesions, common to other toxicodermas. It is an uncommon clinical entity that requires a high suspicion by clinical staff given its varied initial presentation, and the fact that symptoms can overlap with those of other adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. Without early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, mortality increases.We report the case of a 22-year-old patient with impaired neurodevelopment who received treatment with carbamazepine. Two months later he presented with general symptoms and skin erythematous lesions that began on his trunk. The patient received outpatient care with antihistamines and antipyretics without an appropriate response. His case progressed with increased skin lesions and systemic symptoms that met the diagnostic criteria for DRESS syndrome. He was hospitalized and received medical treatment according to recommended guidelines. The patient’s condition improved as his symptoms and associated complications resolved. He was discharged with gradual clearing of the steroid therapy.El síndrome de hipersensibilidad a medicamentos, con exantema, eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos (Drug Rash Eosinophylia with Systemic Symptoms, DRESS) es una reacción a diferentes medicamentos, principalmente anticonvulsivos, el cual cursa con compromiso sistémico y lesiones eritematosas, al igual que ocurre en diversas dermatosis por reacción a medicamentos. Este síndrome es una condición clínica poco frecuente, cuyo diagnóstico requiere un alto grado de sospecha por parte del personal clínico. Si no se hace un diagnóstico oportuno y se suministra el tratamiento adecuado, puede confundirse con otros tipos de alergias a medicamentos que implican riesgo de muerte.Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 22 años de edad con alteración del neurodesarrollo a quien se le inició tratamiento con carbamazepina. Dos meses después consultó debido a la aparición de síntomas generales y lesiones eritematosas en la piel, inicialmente en el tronco. En la atención ambulatoria se le prescribieron antihistamínicos y antipiréticos, con los cuales no mejoró adecuadamente; su condición empeoró, con la aparición de lesiones en la piel y síntomas sistémicos propios del síndrome DRESS.Al cabo del tratamiento farmacológico administrado durante su hospitalización según los lineamientos recomendados, las manifestaciones y complicaciones asociadas con el síndrome remitieron, la administración de esteroides pudo reducirse gradualmente y, finalmente, el paciente fue dado de alta

Acción de las giberelinas en la generación de nuevos cormos de Gladiolus tristis var concolor

Trabajos anteriores muestran que especies naturalizadas de gladiolo pueden ser aprovechadas como flor cortada (López et al., 2002). El problema de su difusión estriva en que aunque se multiplican bien sexual y asexualmente, la tasa de multiplicación es baja en cuanto a número de cormos productores de varas florales de calidad, mientras que las semillas, con buen poder germinativo, tras su siembra generan un pequeño cormillo que necesitará alrededor de dos años más para constituir un cormo adulto

Feeding Algae Meal to Feedlot Lambs with Competent Reticular Groove Reflex Increases Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Meat

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supplementing marine algae as a source of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet, mixed in the concentrate or bottle-fed, on intramuscular fat FA composition of lambs with competent reticular groove reflex (RGR). Forty-eight feedlot lambs were distributed in three equal groups: one group did not consume marine algae nor had competent RGR, the second group received a daily dose (2.5%) of algae meal in the concentrate and the last group consumed the same dose of algae meal emulsified in milk replacer and bottle-fed. Marine algae raised the contents of EPA, DPA, and mainly DHA in the intramuscular fat, but the increase was significantly higher when algae meal was administered with a bottle via RGR. This strategy could contribute to improvements in the marketing of lamb meat by optimizing its status as a healthier food

Onion by - products as antioxidant food ingredients

[SPA] España es uno de los países de mayor producción de cebolla (Allium cepa L. var. Cepa) observándose desde el año 1998 un aumento constante en área cultivada y producción. En Europa se producen más de 450.000 toneladas de residuos de cebolla al año. El procesamiento y estabilización de excedentes y residuos de cebolla presenta ambas ventajas: la solución a la problemática mediambiental que supone el almacenamiento de estos residuos y la obtención de subproductos de cebolla con alto valor añadido como ingredientes alimentarios con propiedades antioxidantes. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue caracterizar diferentes subproductos –zumo, pasta y bagazo- de dos cultivares de cebolla españoles, ‘Figueres’ y ‘Recas’, estabilizados mediante técnicas térmicas –congelación, pasteurización y esterilización- para evaluar su potencial uso en la industria alimentaría como ingredientes alimentarios naturales, fuentes de compuestos bioactivos con propiedades antioxidantes y antipardeamiento enzimático. Las cebollas ‘Figueres’ y ‘Recas’ (excedentes y residuos) fueron suministradas por la Asociación Catalana de Productores de Cebolla (CEBACAT) en Lleida (Cataluña). El procesado y la estabilización fueron llevados a cabo en el Centro Nacional de Tecnología y Seguridad Alimentaria (CNTA) en San Adrián (Navarra). La determinación del contenido de fenoles totales se realizó espectofotómetricamente (Vinson et al, 1998). La quercetina total se determinó por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Eficacia (HPLC) según Hertog et al, 1992 con modificaciones. La actividad antioxidante por el método del secuestro del radical comercial estable DPPH• (Sánchez-Moreno et al, 1998) y el ensayo de inhibición de la Polifenol Oxidasa (PPO) fue medido espectrofotométricamente según el método de Kim et al, 2005 con modificaciones. Nuestros resultados mostraron que el procesamiento de residuos y excedentes de cebollas del cultivar ‘Recas’ para obtener pasta como subproducto y la estabilización con un tratamiento suave como la pasteurización mostraron las mejores características para el potencial desarrollo de ingredientes alimentarios antioxidantes. La pasta ‘Recas’ pasteurizada mostró un contenido moderadamente alto en compuestos bioactivos (fenoles totales, 329.77 ± 83.49 mg Equivalentes Ácido Clorogénico (EAC)/100 g peso seco (ps); y quercetina total, 195.17 ± 7.27 mg/100 g ps). Esta pasta mostró ser un 15.21% y un 72.17% más eficaz como secuestradora de radicales libres que el bagazo y que el zumo ‘Recas’ pasteurizado, respectivamente. Además, su capacidad inhibitoria sobre la PPO de aguacate fue mayor (53.49%) que la alcanzada por la pasta ‘Figueres’ pasteurizada (32.82%). [ENG] Spain is one of the major mundial onion producing countries. Onion (Allium cepa L. var. cepa) production and cutivated area has increased constantly since 1998. More tan 450.000 tonnes of onion wastes is produced each year in Europe. Processing and stabilising onion wastes (residues and surplus of onion) could represent both advantages: a solution of the environmental problem derived from the great onion wastes disposal and the stabilised onion by-products obtaining as natural antioxidant food ingredients. Our objective was to characterize by-products -juice, paste and bagasse- from two Spanish onion cultivars -‘Figueres’ and ‘Recas’- that have been stabilised by temperature -freezing, pasteurization and sterilization- in order to evaluate their potential use in the food industry as natural food ingredients, sources of antioxidants and antibrowning bioactive compounds. ‘Figueres’ and ‘Recas’ onion wastes were supplied by a producing onion industry CEBACAT in Lleida (Catalonia). Their processing and stabilization was held in The National Center for Food Technology and Safety (CNTA) in San Adrián (Navarra). Total phenols were determined spectrophotometrically (Vinson et al, 1998) and total quercetin was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Hertog et al, 1992 with minor modifications. Antioxidant activity was determined by the measurement of the DPPH• radical scavenging (Sánchez-Moreno et al, 1998). Poliphenol Oxidase (PPO) inhibition assay was measured spectrophotometrically following the method of Kim et al, 2005 with minor modifications. Our results showed that process ‘Recas’ onion wastes to obtain paste as a by-product and stabilize onion by-products with mild treatments as pasteurization offered better characteristics in order to develop potential antioxidant food ingredients. Pasteurized `‘Recas’ paste showed a moderate high bioactive composition (total phenols, 329.77 ± 83.49 mg Clorogenic Acid Equivalent (EAC)/100 g dry weight (dw); and total quercetin, 195.17 ± 7.27 mg/100 g dw). This paste was a 15.2 % and a 72.17% more radical scavenging effective tan pasteurized ‘Recas’ bagasse or juice. Moreover, its inhibitory effect towards avocado PPO was higher (53.49%) than that found in pasteurized ‘Figueres’ paste (32.82 %).Estos estudios han sido llevados a cabo a través de la financiación de los proyectos de investigación AGL2003-09138-C04-01 y AGL2005-03849. Así mismo se quiere expresar el agradecimiento al Proyecto CYTED XI.22. Eduvigis Roldán agradece al Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España) la concesión de la Beca de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU)