Bento Sanches Dorta representante portugués del progreso científico de la ilustración

Tese de mestrado em História e Filosofia das Ciências, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2011Bento Sanches Dorta fue un astrónomo y geógrafo portugués formado en matemáticas en la Universidad de Coimbra con condición de voluntario. En el año 1781 fue enviado a Brasil para la determinación de la frontera entre las posesiones españolas y portuguesas de América del Sur. Tras su llegada al nuevo continente, estuvo siete años sin recibir órdenes definitivas relativas al trabajo que, en primera instancia, le fue encomendado. No obstante, se puede apreciar cómo su instrucción en la Universidad de Coimbra en el período posterior a las Reformas Pombalinas, y los principios básicos de la Ilustración calaron de lleno en el portugués, incitando su interés por la física experimental y por las matemáticas. Esto explica que, durante su estancia en Brasil, pusiera todo su empeño en el registro de observaciones meteorológicas y astronómicas, así como en la realización de otras actividades científicas que, hasta el momento, son casi desconocidas. En este trabajo se ha tratado de trazar un recorrido que nos permita conocer en profundidad y, con ello, entender y sacar a la luz la labor que este português realizó en la colonia portuguesa. Se propone para ello describir inicialmente el contexto histórico en el cual estaba sumergido el científico, investigar su biografía, redescubrir y analizar sus producciones, y, por último, estudiar en profundidad sus registros y aportaciones científicas. Por ello, con esta investigación, no sólo se desea contribuir al desarrollo de la historiografía de la ciencia; se aspira también a sacar a la luz el esfuerzo realizado por Bento Sanches Dorta como hombre de ciencias, como científico Ilustrado.Bento Sanches Dorta was a Portuguese astronomer and geographer who studied mathematics in the University of Coimbra as volunteer student. In the year 1781 he was sent to Brazil in a geographical mission, to demarcate the limits of the Portuguese and Spanish territory in southern America. When Sanches Dorta arrived in Brazil, he was looking forward to receiving the orders from his supervisors for seven years. Thereby he was influenced by his education in the University of Coimbra due to the Pombaline reforms as well as due to the enlightened ideals of his time. Both of this woke his interest in physics and mathematics. For this reason, while he was in Brazil, he performed frequent meteorological and astronomical observations. Furthermore, he engaged in other scientific activity. Nevertheless, until now, most of his scientific contributions are unknow. The present work tries to know, understand and reveal the work that Bento Sanches Dorta carried out in Brazil. Its goal is to describe the historical context of the scientist, investigate his biography, rediscover and analize his publications, and finally, study his records and scientific contributions in depth. For this reason, with this investigation, we are notjust contributing to the development of the historiography of science; we are revealing the effort that Bento Sanche Dorta made as scientist as well

Influence of non-occupational physical activity on burnout syndrome, job satisfaction, stress and recovery in fitness professionals

Background: This study aimed (1) to analyse the effect of non-occupational physical activity (NOPA) on the stress levels of fitness professionals, and (2) to apply a questionnaire to workers measuring burnout syndrome, working conditions and job satisfaction, and to compare the results with physiological stress and recovery measured objectively through heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: The HRV of 26 fitness instructors was recorded during 2–5 workdays using Firstbeat Bodyguard 2. Participants also completed a questionnaire (CESQT) measuring working conditions and job satisfaction variables and occupational burnout syndrome. Results: NOPA showed a negative association with both the percentage of stress (p < 0.05) and stress–recovery ratio (p < 0.01), and a positive association with the percentage of recovery (p < 0.05). Better work conditions (working hours, salary satisfaction and length of service) were associated with lower stress in fitness professionals. Conclusion: NOPA appears to improve the stress levels of fitness instructors in this study cohort. Self-reported burnout levels measured through the CESQT questionnaire do not coincide with the physiological stress responses measured through HRV. Better working conditions appear to reduce the stress response in fitness professionals

Nivel de estudios y experiencia de las árbitras y árbitras asistentes de fútbol en España: Primera División Femenina

The objective of this research was to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of the referees and assistant referees belonging to the first division of women’s football in Spain. The sample consisted of 45 women of Spanish nationality (28.11±4.24 years) and was divided into referees (n=17) and assistant referees (n=28). An ad hoc questionnaire containing 8 items was used and analyzed social, sports and performance variables. The sample is characterized by reaching higher university training (52.94% in female referees and 42.86% in assistant referees) and master’s degree (41.18% and 35.71% respectively) compared to professional training (5.88% in female referees and 14.29% in assistant referees). They also showed a mean of 12.35±6.35 years in soccer refereeing, while the assistant referees showed a mean of 8.82±4.15 years. In relation to the training sessions, the referees showed 4-5 training sessions, while the assistant referees accumulated a total of 4 sessions per week. The female referees who participated in international matches showed a mean of 13.77±0.61 years in arbitration, while those who did not participate in international matches had an average of 8.69±4.12 years. The referees and assistant referees showed high levels of university academic training, evidenced a short experience in the First Division in Women’s Soccer. The results show the importance of experience in refereeing performance to reach the highest level in female refereeing.El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las características sociodemográficas de las árbitras y árbitras asistentes pertenecientes a la primera división de fútbol femenino en España. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 45 mujeres de nacionalidad española (28.11±4.24 años) y fue dividida en árbitras (n=17) y árbitras asistentes (n=28). Se utilizó un cuestionario ad hoc que contenía 8 ítems y analizaban variables sociales, deportivas y de rendimiento. La muestra se caracteriza por alcanzar una mayor formación universitaria (52.94% en árbitras y 42.86% en árbitras asistentes) y de máster (41.18% y 35.71% respectivamente) frente a Formación Profesional (5.88% en árbitras y 14.29% en árbitras asistentes). Estas, además, mostraron una media de 12.35±6.35 años en el arbitraje de fútbol, mientras que las árbitras asistentes evidenciaron una media de 8.82±4.15 años. En relación a las sesiones de entrenamientos, las árbitras evidenciaron 4-5 sesiones de entrenamiento, mientras que las árbitras asistentes acumularon un total de 4 sesiones a la semana. Las árbitras que participaron en partidos internacionales mostraron una media de 13.77±0.61 años en el arbitraje, mientras que las que no participaron en partidos internacionales tuvieron una media de 8.69±4.12 años. Las árbitras y árbitras asistentes mostraron altos niveles de formación académica universitaria y evidenciaron una corta experiencia en Primera División en Fútbol Femenina. Los resultados muestran la importancia de la experiencia en el desempeño arbitral para alcanzar el máximo nivel en el arbitraje femenino.Actividad Física y Deport

Effects of Extracurricular Sports in Prepubertal and Pubertal Girls.

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of the type of extracurricular sport on the body composition, respiratory parameters, and physical condition in prepubertal and pubertal girls. Four hundred and eighty-five female athletes (aged 8–14) from different sports participated in this study. They were gathered into four groups according to the sport typology and maturity level: ‘prepubertal girls who practise collective sports’ (PRE-CS), ‘prepubertal girls who practise individual sports’ (PRE-IS), ‘pubertal girls who practise collective sports’ (PUB-CS), and ‘pubertal girls who practise individual sports’ (PUB-IS). The cardiorespiratory fitness (the 20 m shuttle run test, 20 mSRT), anthropometry, respiratory capacity (forced spirometry), handgrip, CMJ test, and stabilometry were collected. Prepubertal girls showed a lower muscle mass (kg) and fat mass (kg) than pubertal girls regardless of the extracurricular sports typology. PRE-CS and PRE-IS also showed a lower respiratory fitness and physical fitness than pubertal girls (p 0.05) in any of the body composition, respiratory fitness, and physical fitness variables when comparing between collective sports and individual sports. The results show that extracurricular participation in these types sports by prepubertal girls can influence their body composition, respiratory fitness, and physical condition.post-print300 K

Series y eventos meteorológicos de especial interés: aportaciones al ámbito Ibero-Americano

En esta tesis se presentan varios estudios enmarcados en el ámbito de la Climatología Histórica, relativos a recuperación y reconstrucción de series de observaciones meteorológicas y eventos poco frecuentes de la época preinstrumental (siglo XVIII y XIX). Para ello, en primer lugar se ha realizado una búsqueda en archivos históricos. Tras recuperar estas fuentes con contenido meteorológico o geofísico, así como testimonios de eventos poco frecuentes y/o extremos, la información ha sido analizada. El contenido informativo de estos documentos es muy rico, tanto desde una perspectiva científica como histórica. Por un lado, algunas nos permiten reconstruir con cierto grado de fiabilidad el comportamiento de las variables climáticas en aquel período. Por otro, las descripciones de eventos poco frecuentes, por entonces acontecidos, arrojan luz sobre la naturaleza, intensidad y características de los mismos. Por último, estos documentos nos dan información de primera mano del desarrollo de la ciencia de entonces y su contexto.This thesis presents several studies related to Historical Climatology. In this way, early instrumental series and old descriptions of rare and extreme events (eighteenth and nineteenth century) are recovered and analysed. In order to do this, firstly an historical archives search has been performed. Following, the information has been analysed. The information content of these documents is vast and rich, both from a scientific and historical perspective. On the one hand, they allow us to reconstruct the behaviour of the climate variables in that period with some degree of reliability. On the other hand, descriptions of rare events shed light on the nature, intensity and characteristics of the phenomenon. Finally, these documents give us first-hand information about the development of Science in its context

Influence of Non-Occupational Physical Activity on Burnout Syndrome, Job Satisfaction, Stress and Recovery in Fitness Professionals

Background: This study aimed (1) to analyse the effect of non-occupational physical activity (NOPA) on the stress levels of fitness professionals, and (2) to apply a questionnaire to workers measuring burnout syndrome, working conditions and job satisfaction, and to compare the results with physiological stress and recovery measured objectively through heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: The HRV of 26 fitness instructors was recorded during 2–5 workdays using Firstbeat Bodyguard 2. Participants also completed a questionnaire (CESQT) measuring working conditions and job satisfaction variables and occupational burnout syndrome. Results: NOPA showed a negative association with both the percentage of stress (p &lt; 0.05) and stress–recovery ratio (p &lt; 0.01), and a positive association with the percentage of recovery (p &lt; 0.05). Better work conditions (working hours, salary satisfaction and length of service) were associated with lower stress in fitness professionals. Conclusion: NOPA appears to improve the stress levels of fitness instructors in this study cohort. Self-reported burnout levels measured through the CESQT questionnaire do not coincide with the physiological stress responses measured through HRV. Better working conditions appear to reduce the stress response in fitness professionals

Series y eventos meteorológicos de especial interés: aportaciones al ámbito Ibero-Americano

En esta tesis se presentan varios estudios enmarcados en el ámbito de la Climatología Histórica, relativos a recuperación y reconstrucción de series de observaciones meteorológicas y eventos poco frecuentes de la época preinstrumental (siglo XVIII y XIX). Para ello, en primer lugar se ha realizado una búsqueda en archivos históricos. Tras recuperar estas fuentes con contenido meteorológico o geofísico, así como testimonios de eventos poco frecuentes y/o extremos, la información ha sido analizada. El contenido informativo de estos documentos es muy rico, tanto desde una perspectiva científica como histórica. Por un lado, algunas nos permiten reconstruir con cierto grado de fiabilidad el comportamiento de las variables climáticas en aquel período. Por otro, las descripciones de eventos poco frecuentes, por entonces acontecidos, arrojan luz sobre la naturaleza, intensidad y características de los mismos. Por último, estos documentos nos dan información de primera mano del desarrollo de la ciencia de entonces y su contexto.This thesis presents several studies related to Historical Climatology. In this way, early instrumental series and old descriptions of rare and extreme events (eighteenth and nineteenth century) are recovered and analysed. In order to do this, firstly an historical archives search has been performed. Following, the information has been analysed. The information content of these documents is vast and rich, both from a scientific and historical perspective. On the one hand, they allow us to reconstruct the behaviour of the climate variables in that period with some degree of reliability. On the other hand, descriptions of rare events shed light on the nature, intensity and characteristics of the phenomenon. Finally, these documents give us first-hand information about the development of Science in its context

Diseño y rentabilidad de un programa de ejercicio físico individualizado en trabajadores de oficina: ensayo controlado aleatorio por grupos

Sin financiaciónNo data WoSNo data Scopus12.000 SPI – ICEE (2018), 83/104 General – Editoriales españolasUE

Enhancing students’ competences and skillset as experts in talent retention by developing an employee wellness programs for a tech company

Introduction: University workshops may not always be the most effective approach to enhance students’ knowledge and skills in alignment with professional demands. Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) sets collaborative projects in a reflective environment, increasing student engagement and effort. CBL connects academia with professional contexts, allowing students to learn through practical experience, reflect on their learning, and apply knowledge to solve challenges. This approach develops both soft and hard skills relevant to the workplace, Students receive feedback from peers, professors, and external experts (Gallagher and Savage, 2020; Leijon et al., 2021) while having the opportunity to enhance their professional positioning. From an organizational standpoint, internal customer service is key for business success, and employee wellness programs have a direct impact on productivity and the improvement of worker health (Marín-Farrona et al., 2023). Therefore, sports management students need to gain knowledge and expertise in this field. Objective: Analyse the effectiveness of the CBL methodology combined with a data-driven approach by introducing students to the field of internal customer service. Methodology: Thirty-one students in Sports Management (4th year; subject: Quality Control and Customer Service) joined this CBL activity as part of their study plan. The project was structured into six stages. (1) An introductory masterclass by a professional expert in the field, with a focus on talent attraction, retention, and development. (2) Students’ exposure to a real scenario under a specific framework (including budget) to develop a workplace wellness program for a tech organisation. (3) Self-paced work to do research and submit proposal draft (4) Detailed feedback from the professor and external experts on the draft. (5) Presentation of final proposal. (6) External exposure of the students in social media channels and other communication mediums from the European University to support their personal branding positioning as experts in the field. The data-driven approach guided students in benchmarking analysis of five companies’ wellness programs. Decisions were justified by scientific evidence, budget, and goals. The professional setting approach involved inviting an expert in Employer Branding, Culture, and Engagement from a tech organization. Students were given a framework including budget, number of workers, objectives, and starting point details. Results: Two proposals were selected as applicable, while four closely aligned with professional organizations’ demands. A total of 69.5% of students felt the challenge helped them to delve into the topic, and 76.4% acknowledged the activity’s strong connection to a professional environment. Students expressed a high level of satisfaction, rating it at 4.29 out of 5 points. The Net Promoter Score was +29, indicating positive feedback. Additionally, students rated the learning from the activity at 4.41 out of 5 points. Two organizations contacted the professor to learn more about the project, and one student is in a recruitment selection process for an organisation due to this activity. Conclusions: CBL with a data-driven approach and professional settings is a valuable tool for university students to develop knowledge, skills, and key competencies relevant to specific professional contexts. It offers opportunities for active engagement with real-life cases, positioning students as high-value professionals.Sin FinanciaciónSPI 2022UE

Análisis de las guías docentes de Equipamiento e instalaciones deportivas impartidas en la educación superior española.

The current Bachelor’s Degree in Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (TU CAFIDE), has undergone several changes over the last decades. Different legislative changes have been consolidating the credits related to the career opportunities of Sports Direction or Management. A total of 28 teaching guides have been analyzed at a national level (14 public universities and 14 private) to know if the contents taught sufficiently qualify the competences of the students for what the organizations of the sector demand. It is a subject considered in 75% of the university’s compulsory, highlighting the structure of 6 credit ECTS (82.1%) and where only one teacher (75%) appears as a professor. The greatest burden in the final grade is on the exam (50-70%), followed by practical works (30-50%) and 28.6% of the universities, value 10% the attendance. The results show that there are differences in the structure, methodology and contents taught in the subject, depending on the type of university (public/private) and its character (compulsory/optional), although these are not significant, except in the course in which it is taught according to its character (p=.009), greater weight of the exam when it is compulsory (p=.017) and differences in some contents taught according to the type of university (p=.020) and character (p=.043). This training should be analyzed and oriented in accordance with the resolution of the General Secretary of Universities on the establishment of recommendations to be followed in the verification reports of this Bachelor’s Degree, in addition to respond to the labor market.El actual Título Universitario oficial de Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (TU CAFIDE), ha sufrido numerosos cambios a lo largo de las últimas décadas. Así como la asignatura de equipamiento e instalaciones deportivas, materia relevante pues puede procurar conocimientos para la optimización de estos recursos. Se han analizado un total de 28 guías docentes a nivel nacional (14 ámbito público y 14 privado) para conocer si los contenidos, metodologías y procesos evaluativos pueden orientar suficientemente en la adquisición de las competencias del alumnado para lo que las organizaciones del sector demandan. Es una asignatura considerada en el 75% de las universidades obligatoria, destacando la carga de 6 créditos ECTS (82,1%) y donde solo un docente (75%) figura como profesor. El mayor peso en la calificación lo tiene la prueba de examen entre un 50-70%, seguida de la prueba de trabajos (30-50%) y para el 28,6% de las universidades se valora el 10% en asistencia. Los resultados determinan que existen diferencias en la estructura, metodología y contenidos impartidos de la asignatura, en función del tipo de universidad (pública/privada) y su carácter (obligatoria/optativa), si bien estas no son significativas, excepto en el curso en que se imparte en función de su carácter (p=.009), mayor peso del examen cuando es obligatoria (p=.017) y diferencias en algunos contenidos impartidos según su titularidad (p=.020) y carácter (p=.043). Debe analizarse esta formación y orientarla atendiendo a la resolución de la Secretaría General de Universidades sobre el establecimiento de las recomendaciones a seguir en las memorias de verificación del título de este grado, además de dar respuesta al mercado laboral