Soporte mecánico circulatorio contemporáneo. De corta a larga duración; una opción real.

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatría. Fecha de Lectura: 25-06-202

Resilience Scale Psychometric Study. Adaptation to the Spanish Population in Nursing Students

Nursing students and professionals are exposed to highly stressful clinical situations. However, when confronted with stress, which is exacerbated by academic and professional situations, there is a great disparity between those who do not know how to respond suitably to the demands from patients or teachers due to a lack of competence and personal resistance, and those who are more resilient and develop a greater range of strengths. This research aims to analyse the validity and psychometric characteristics of a questionnaire on resilience adapted to Spanish nursing bachelor's degree students. The participants were 434 undergraduate nursing students from the province of Valencia (Spain) between 17 and 54 years of age (Mean, M = 21; Standard Deviation, SD = 0.320), 104 of whom were men (24%) and 330 women (76%). A cross-sectional group evaluation was carried out in the university itself, adhering to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Based on the descriptive, factorial, exploratory and confirmatory analyses, it was possible to confirm the suitability of the questionnaire and its adaptation to nursing students. The model is thus suitable for evaluating the population under study. Furthermore, there are statistically significant differences depending on age and gender. The results show that the questionnaire analysed is suited to evaluating resilience among Spanish nursing students, thereby justifying the adaptation of a scale of this nature to foster resilience among nursing students and nurses in professional life, who are exposed to critical situations with patients' suffering, deterioration or death. Our study highlights important practical implications: Spanish nursing studies involve theory and practice, but students and nurses in professional life have to confront critical situations of patients' suffering, deterioration, or death. These situations cause stress and feelings of impotence that may lead to chronic stress and even suicidal thoughts

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Trombectomía ventricular izquierda por vía transaórtica

Introducción: La formación de trombos en la cavidad ventricular izquierda es una complicación que se puede presentar después de un infarto agudo de miocardio. Lo habitual es que estos sean murales y su manejo conservador. No obstante, la presencia de trombos pediculados y móviles puede requerir la resección quirúrgica. Métodos: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 44 años de edad que acudió al servicio de urgencias refiriendo disnea y dolor torácico. Presentó taquicardia ventricular monomórfica sostenida que requirió cardioversión eléctrica en el contexto de un infarto agudo de miocardio. A las 72 h se evidencian episodios de tromboembolismos en ambas arterias femorales, así como en el bazo y en ambos riñones. En el ecocardiograma se objetivó la presencia de una masa intraventricular izquierda móvil unida a un pedículo apical, por lo que se decidió intervención quirúrgica. Resultados: Se realizó embolectomía femoral bilateral y una trombectomía ventricular izquierda por vía transaórtica a través de una esternotomía media convencional, con resultado satisfactorio. Conclusiones: Consideramos que, a pesar de la escasa experiencia reportada, el abordaje de los trombos intraventriculares izquierdos a través de la válvula aórtica ofrece una adecuada exposición facilitando su extracción completa, evitando a su vez las complicaciones inherentes al acceso a través de una aurícula izquierda pequeña, o a través de un ventrículo infartado

¿Realmente merece la pena la reparación precoz de la situación Fallot?

Objetivo: El momento de reparar electivamente la situación Fallot genera controversia. Comparamos pacientes con reparación completa antes/después de 90 días de vida, analizando diferencias en mortalidad, morbilidad hospitalaria y necesidad de reintervención. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de aquellos operados en nuestro centro para reparación completa de situación Fallot < 18 años, entre enero de 2007 y octubre de 2016, categorizados en antes/después de 90 días. Análisis estadístico realizado con SPSS 20.0. Resultados: Hubo 130 reparaciones, 27 tenían ≤90 días (10 neonatos). Edad mediana en la reparación: 1,5 (0,8-2,4) versus 6 (5-9) meses. Pesos medios: 3,9 ± 1,2 versus 7,3 ± 2,8 kg. Diagnóstico prenatal: 37% en ≤90 días versus 11% en >90 días (p = 0,002). Ductus permeable: 40% en ≤90 días versus 10% en >90 días (p < 0,001). Mayor porcentaje de paliación previa en >90 días. En los últimos 3 años sin paliaciones. Diferencia estadísticamente significativa en tiempo de pinzado aórtico (menor en grupo ≤90 días). También en tiempos medianos de intubación, estancia en intensivos y hospitalización, mayores en el grupo ≤90 días. No hay diferencias en mortalidad global, ni fallecieron neonatos. Complicaciones perioperatorias: un 70% en ≤90 días versus 43% en >90 días (p = 0,01). No hubo diferencias en mortalidad ni en necesidad de reintervención en el seguimiento. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, la reparación de la situación Fallot antes/después de 90 días (neonatos incluidos) no conlleva diferencias en mortalidad hospitalaria, pero sí aumento en morbilidad cuando se realiza antes del tercer mes. Tampoco hay diferencias en mortalidad ni en necesidad de reintervención en el seguimiento. Pospondremos la reparación completa electiva a más de 90 días, reservando la precoz para pacientes sintomáticos y evitando la paliación

Clinical and pathological features of Merkel cell carcinoma: A 4-year follow-up observational retrospective study in Spain.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a malignant skin cancer with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%. Knowledge of MCC has increased in recent years mostly due to improved diagnosis techniques. In Spain there is lack of information regarding the incidence and tumour characteristics, and the treatment approaches are not standardised. The objective of this study was to provide information of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of MCC patients in Spain. Retrospective, observational study involving 192 patients from 25 Spanish hospitals. Evaluated variables included overall survival and incidence rate of Merkel cell polyomavirus, in patients diagnosed from 2012 to 2016. The Spanish incidence rate was estimated 0.32/100,000 inhabitants/year, with variations according to geographical regions, being slightly higher in areas with greater sunlight exposure. In total, 61.5% of tumours showed expansive growth (progressive growth of the tumour), 78.6% showed localisation in UV-exposed skin. 97.4% of patients were diagnosed by excisional biopsy. Surgery was the first line treatment in 96.6% of patients, radiotherapy in 24.6%, and chemotherapy in 6.3%. These treatments were not mutually exclusive. Median overall survival was 38.3 months (78.4% at 12 months and 60% at 24 months). MCPyV was present in 33.8% of patients. The incidence of MCC in Spain is one of the highest in Europe, with a slight predominance in men. The sample has shown that a biopsy is available for diagnosis in most cases. Moreover, the treatment is surgical when the tumour is localized and is associated with lymphadenectomy, and/or it is radiotherapy if widespread

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

AbstractUsing 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution.</jats:p

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution