Amino acid tissue levels and GABAa receptor binding in the developing rat cerebellum following status epilepticus

Incidence of status epilepticus (SE) is higher in children than in adults and SE can be induced in developing rats. The cerebellum can be affected after SE; however, consequences of cerebellar amino acid transmission have been poorly studied. The goal of this study was to determine amino acid tissue concentration and GABAA receptor binding in the immature rat cerebellum after an episode of SE. Thirteen-day-old (P13) rat pups received in- traperitoneal injections of lithium chloride (3 mEq/kg). Twenty hours later, on P14, SE was induced by subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine hydrochloride (60 mg/kg). Control ani- mals were given an equal volume of saline subcutaneously. Animals were killed 24 h after SE induction, the cerebellum was quickly removed, and the vermis and hemispheres were rapidly dissected out on ice. Amino acid tissue concentrations in the vermis and hemi- spheres were evaluated by HPLC and fluorescent detection. GABAA receptor binding in the medial vermis was analyzed by in vitro autoradiography. SE increased the tissue levels of the inhibitory amino acids taurine (80%) and alanine (91%), as well as glutamine (168%) in the cerebellar hemisphere; no changes were observed in the vermis. SE did not modify GABAA receptor binding in any cerebellar lobule from the vermis. Our data demonstrate that SE produces region-specific changes in amino acid concentrations in the developing cerebellum

Cutaneous tuberculosis accidental inoculation

Casos clínicos[ES] Caso clínico de una microbióloga con amplia experiencia, que sufre una inoculación accidental al manipular una cepa pura de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Se pincha en la cara lateral externa de la falange distal del dedo índice, atravesando el guante con la aguja contaminada. (Imagen 1). La trabajadora procede de forma inmediata a la limpieza de la herida. El Servicio de Prevención, registra la inoculación como accidente de trabajo. A las tres semanas del accidente, aparece en el lugar de la inoculación una pápula eritematosa levemente dolorosa a la presión que va creciendo hasta alcanzar un tamaño de 1,5–2 cm., sin adenopatías axilares, ni clínica general. (Imagen 2) Se procede a la exéresis y biopsia de la lesión. Informe anatomopatológico: Inflamación crónica granulomatosa tuberculoide muy sugestiva de tuberculosis cutánea. Microbiología: dudosos bacilos ácido alcohol resistentes (BAAR) Cultivo: positivo a Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ambas cepas presentan la misma identidad. Diagnóstico: tuberculosis cutánea.[EN] Clinical case of a microbiologist with wide experience, which is inoculated accidental when Mycobacterium’s pure strain manipulates tuberculosis; it (she) pricks itself in the lateral external face of the phalanx distal of the forefinger, crossing the glove with the contaminated needle. Immediate treatment of the wound. The Service of Prevention, he registers the inoculation as accident of work. To three weeks a slightly painful pápula eritematosa appears in the place of the inoculation to the pressure that is growing until a size reaches 1,5–2 cm., without adenopatías axyllaris, not general clinic. Exéresis and biopsy of the same one, pathological anatomy: chronic inflammation very suggestive granulomatosa tuberculoide of cutaneous tuberculosis, microbiology: doubtful BAAR (Acid bacillus resistant alcohol), I cultivate: positive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Both vine–stocks present the same identity. Diagnosis: cutaneous tuberculosis. The occupational risk prevention department realizes the communication of Occupational disease according to the RD 1299/2006, of December 10. Follow–up for Internal Medicine, starting treatment of TB.N

The interaction between mitochondrial oxidative stress and gut microbiota in the cardiometabolic consequences in diet-induced obese rats

Background: The objective of this study is to determine the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the dysbiosis associated with a high fat diet in rats. In addition, the impact of gut microbiota (GM) in the cardiometabolic consequences of diet-induced obesity in rats has been evaluated. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed either a high fat diet (HFD) or a control (CT) one for 6 weeks. At the third week, one-half of the animals of each group were treated with the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoTempo (MT; 0.7 mgKg−1 day−1 i.p). Results: Animals fed an HFD showed a lower microbiota evenness and diversity in comparison to CT rats. This dysbiosis is characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and relevant changes at family and genera compared with the CT group. This was accompanied by a reduction in colonic mucin-secreting goblet cells. These changes were reversed by MT treatment. The abundance of certain genera could also be relevant in the metabolic consequences of obesity, as well as in the occurrence of cardiac fibrosis associated with obesity. Conclusions: These results support an interaction between GM and mitochondrial oxidative stress and its relation with development of cardiac fibrosis, suggesting new approaches in the management of obesity-related cardiometabolic consequences.This work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (PI18/00257; CIBERCV) a way to build Europe, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2016-81063). EMM was supported by a contract from CAM (Atracción de talento). BG was funded by the FPI Program from the Government of Castilla y León (co-funded by FSE)

Aircraft icing: in‐cloud measurements and sensitivity to physical parameterizations

The prediction of supercooled cloud drops in the atmosphere is a basic tool for aviation safety, owing to their contact with and instant freezing on sensitive locations of the aircraft. One of the main disadvantages for predicting atmospheric icing conditions is the acquisition of observational data. In this study, we used in‐cloud microphysics measurements taken during 10 flights of a C‐212 research aircraft under winter conditions, during which we encountered 37 regions containing supercooled liquid water. To investigate the capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model to detect regions containing supercooled cloud drops, we propose a multiphysics ensemble approach. We used four microphysics and two planetary boundary layer schemes. The Morrison parameterization yielded superior results, whereas the planetary boundary layer schemes were essential in evaluating the presence of liquid water content. The Goddard microphysics scheme best detected the presence of ice water content but tended to underestimate liquid water content.This research was carried out in the framework of the SAFEFLIGHT project, financed by MINECO (CGL2016‐78702) and LE240P18 project (Junta de Castilla y León)

Utilización de dibujos, imágenes y otros elementos multimedia en el diseño de recursos para la docencia virtual

Se presentan una serie de recursos hipermedia, que el grupo de autores han desarrollado con el ánimo de facilitar el aprendizaje de los alumnos en disciplinas de alto contenido descriptivo. En este caso concreto se refieren a la anatomía microscópica animal y vegetal, aunque las aplicaciones informáticas y procedimientos empleados son aplicables también a otras disciplinas, siempre con dicho carácter descriptivo en común. Fundamentalmente se trata de módulos interactivos de autoaprendizaje en formato SCORM, que incorporan como principal elemento dibujos descriptivos sobre las estructuras histológicas estudiadas. Tales dibujos se presentan al usuario como archivos tipo flash, con visualización interactiva y secuencial, para facilitar su comprensión. A la vez, incorporan enlaces con otra aplicación, diseñada previamente por los autores, bajo el aspecto de atlas histológico, en el que se recogen ejemplos de la realidad en forma de microfotografías, algunas de ellas navegables (microscopía virtual). Incluyen igualmente pruebas de autoevaluación y la posibilidad, dado su formato compatible, de que el profesor pueda realizar un completo seguimiento de su utilización a través de diferentes Plataformas de Docencia Virtual (LMSs). Por otro lado se han desarrollado otros recursos hipermedia en formato AVI de contenidos relacionados con el manejo de dispositivos y técnicas de uso habitual en histología. Incluyen, además de las grabaciones en video, imágenes fijas, texto, títulos de crédito y comentarios hablados ilustrando los contenidos expuestos. El acceso a este material se hace a través de una página web índice, con hipervínculos a cada archivo. Todos los recursos presentados se encuentran actualmente disponibles a través del servidor y la LMS de la Universidad de Jaén, pudiéndose acceder a los mismos desde la URL: http://virtual.ujaen.es/atlas/.This work is addressed to introduce a number of hypermedia resources aimed to facilitate the learning of students in descriptive disciplines. We have focused on animal and vegetal microscopic anatomy, although the applications and procedures described can be also applicable to other descriptive disciplines. In this way, self-study interactive modules in SCORM format were designed, incorporating descriptive drawings of the histological structures. These drawings are presented as flash-type files to the users, which can observe them in an interactive and sequential way to facilitate understanding. At the same time, they incorporate links to an interactive histological atlas, previously designed by the authors, in which are collected real photomicrographs, some of them available as “virtual microscopy” (a section that allows examining images as real observations using the microscope). The drawings also include self-evaluation tests, as well as the possibility that the teacher can conduct an exhaustive monitoring of the use of this teaching tool through different Learning Management Systems (LMSs). On the other hand, other hypermedia resources in AVI format have been developed. Such tools are related to the management of devices and techniques commonly used in Histology. They also include video recordings, images, text, credit, and spoken comments illustrating the contents. The access to this material can be achieved through an index web page with hyperlinks to each file. These tools are currently available through the server and LMS of the University of Jaén (Spain) in http://virtual.ujaen.es/atlas/

Analysis of Strength and Endurance Values in Schoolchildren Aged 7 to 10 Years in Tolú, Colombia

The objective of this study was to describe the state of strength and endurance in schoolchildren aged 7 to 10 years old from the city of Santiago de Tolú, Colombia, and to relate such values to their weights, heights, and body mass index (BMI) values. This was a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional research study, whose quantitative statistical analysis was compared with studies conducted in Colombia and other countries. Strength was measured by the summation of the segmental dynamometry of the upper and lower limbs, and endurance was measured with a 5 min continuous run test. This is the first investigation to characterize variables related to physical education and sport in schoolchildren from Tolú. The information collected on the evaluated population may aid in its sustainable human development, since significant differences in height, weight, BMI, strength, and endurance were identified with respect to other national and international populations.This research was supported by the company PREVISERD LTDA in the evaluation of the subjects

Cultura y Lengua aplicadas a las enseñanzas de la Información (II)

Se trata de un proyecto de integración cultural y lingüística dirigido a alumnos sinohablantes para ayudarles a desarrollar competencias culturales y lingüístico-pragmáticas en español en el ámbito de la comunicación y la información. Se exponen los objetivos alcanzados, la metodología y las actividades desarrolladas en la segunda edición del proyecto, la descripción de los seminarios "Aula sin fronteras: ¡comunícate!" y del "Cinefórum sin fronteras"

Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2021

The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children and adolescent resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence. The 2+1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate.A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2+1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks. Rotavirus vaccine should be systematic for all infants. Meningococcal B vaccine, with a 2+1 schedule, should be included in routine calendar. In addition to the inclusion of the conjugated tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) at 12 years of age with catch up to 18 years, inclusive, the CAV recommends this vaccine to be also included at 12 months of age, replacing MenC. Likewise, it is recommended in those over 6 weeks of age with risk factors or who travel to countries with a high incidence of these serogroups. Two-dose schedules for triple viral (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years) will be used. The second dose could be applied as a tetraviral vaccine. Universal systematic vaccination against HPV is recommended, regardless of gender, preferably at 12 years, and greater effort should be made to improve coverage. The 9 genotype extends coverage for both genders

Mountain waves analysis in the vicinity of the Madrid-Barajas Airport using the WRF model

Turbulence and aircraft icing associated with mountain waves are weather phenomena potentially affecting aviation safety. In this paper, these weather phenomena are analysed in the vicinity of the Adolfo Su´arez Madrid-Barajas Airport (Spain). Mountain waves are formed in this area due to the proximity of the Guadarrama mountain range. Twenty different weather research and forecasting (WRF) model configurations are evaluated in an initial analysis. .is shows the incompetence of some experiments to capture the phenomenon. .e two experiments showing the best results are used to simulate thirteen episodes with observed mountain waves. Simulated pseudosatellite images are validated using satellite observations, and an analysis is performed through several skill scores applied to brightness temperature. Few differences are found among the different skill scores. Nevertheless, the .ompson microphysics scheme combined with the Yonsei university PBL scheme shows the best results. .e simulations produced by this scheme are used to evaluate the characteristic variables of the mountain wave episodes at windward and leeward and over the mountain. .e results show that north-northwest wind directions, moderate wind velocities, and neutral or slightly stable conditions are the main features for the episodes evaluated. In addition, a case study is analysed to evidence the WRF ability to properly detect turbulence and icing associated with mountain waves, even when there is no visual evidence available..is work was partially supported by the following research projects: PID2019-105306RB-I00, PCIN-2014-013-C07-04, and PCIN2016-080 (UE ERA-NET Plus NEWA Project), CGL2016-78702-C2-1-R and CGL2016-78702-C2-2-R (SAFEFLIGHT Project), FEI-EU-17-16 and SPESMARTand SPESVALE (ECMWF Special Projects)

Engelamiento en vuelo: caso de estudio sobre la sierra de Guadarrama

Ponencia presentada en: XXXV Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIX Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en León, del 5 al 7 de marzo de 2018.Un pronóstico meteorológico preciso es indispensable para la aviación, ya que del mismo depende tanto la gestión del vuelo como de los riesgos a los que está expuesta. Las condiciones meteorológicas adversas son la causa de múltiples incidentes y accidentes de aviación, constituyendo la presencia del engelamiento una de las situaciones más peligrosas para la seguridad en vuelo (Caliskan & Hajiyev, 2013). Sin embargo, los modelos numéricos suelen sobreestimar la presencia de agua en fase sólida y subestimar la presencia de agua subfundida, de tal manera que no se pronostica con precisión la concentración de SLD (Fernández-González, et al. 2014). Esto genera que el pronóstico de las condiciones de engelamiento en meteorología aeronáutica sea manifiestamente mejorable. A través de un caso de estudio, este trabajo evalúa, la idoneidad de la información meteorológica aeronáutica previa a un vuelo y analiza si es adecuada para anticipar casos de engelamiento. Se analizan las condiciones atmosféricas a escala sinóptica y posteriormente, se modelizan las condiciones a mesoescala para estudiar la predictibilidad del episodio. Finalmente se investigan posibles herramientas de nowcasting usando teledetección