Purchase intention of specialty coffee

The main aims of this study are: (1) to test whether the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is useful to explain the intention to purchase specialty co ee; (2) to analyze whether people more involved in social responsibility could manifest a di erent response from those not so interested in this matter concerning specialty co ee. The sample is composed of 489 specialty co ee consumers from Brazil. The statistical tool for testing the measurement and structural model was partial least squares. Then a multigroup analysis was performed to meet the second objective; the software SmartPLS was utilized. The main contributions of this study are that we can explain the intention to use specialty coffee in a sample of Brazilian consumers using the classical TPB model. Moreover, we demonstrate the moderating e ect of consumer perception of corporate social responsibility in this general model

Proposal of new trace elements classification to be used in nutrition, oligotherapy and other therapeutics strategies

Objetivos: 1) Proponer una nueva clasificación de los oligoelementos fundamentada en el estudio detallado de las investigaciones más recientes sobre los mismos; 2) ofrecer información detallada y actualizada sobre todos los oligoelementos. Resultados: el análisis de todos los resultados de investigación consultados pone de manifiesto que los avances en las técnicas de análisis molecular permiten dilucidar la importancia que presentan ciertos oligoelementos para la salud humana. Se ofrece un análisis detallado de la función catalítica que podrían tener determinados elementos no considerados hasta ahora como esenciales o posiblemente esenciales, gracias al uso de plataformas informáticas que permiten el análisis integrado de datos sobre enzimas. Asimismo se presenta información integrada y actualizada del papel fisiológico, cinéticas y metabolismo, fuentes dietéticas y factores que propician la carencia o la toxicidad de cada uno de los oligoelementos. Conclusiones: La Oligoterapia plantea el uso de oligoelementos catalíticamente activos con fines terapéuticos. La nueva clasificación de oligoelementos planteada en este trabajo será de interés para diversos sectores profesionales: médicos y demás personal sanitario, nutricionistas, farmacéuticos, etc. Así podrán diseñarse nuevas estrategias terapéuticas que permitan paliar la sintomatología de diversas patologías, en particular las enfermedades carenciales y metabólicas.Objectives: 1) to propose a new classification of the trace elements based on a study of the recently reported research; 2) to offer detailed and actualized information about trace elements. Results: the analysis of the research results recently reported reveals that the advances of the molecular analysis techniques point out the importance of certain trace elements in human health. A detailed analysis of the catalytic function related to several elements not considered essential o probably essentials up to now is also offered. To perform the integral analysis of the enzymes containing trace elements informatics tools have been used. Actualized information about physiological role, kinetics, metabolism, dietetic sources and factors promoting trace elements scarcity or toxicity is also presented. Results: Oligotherapy uses catalytic active trace elements with therapeutic proposals. The new trace element classification here presented will be of high interest for different professional sectors: doctors and other professions related to medicine; nutritionist, pharmaceutics, etc. Using this new classification and approaches, new therapeutic strategies could be designed to mitigate symptomatology related to several pathologies, particularly carential and metabolic diseases

La importancia de la diversificación en la conformación de un portafolio de inversión en Colombia a partir del año 2009

La diversificación es importante en la conformación de un portafolio de inversión en Colombia a partir del año 2009, porque sin ella el capital invertido estaría expuesto a un mayor riesgo. La diversificación es necesaria para establecer qué activos son los más apropiados para conformar el portafolio de inversión, en la medida en que se permita, de acuerdo a los movimientos propios del mercado, minimizar las pérdidas del mismo. Con la diversificación se gestiona el riesgo. Un portafolio está expuesto a diferentes tipos de riesgo, tales como: Riesgo de mercado (tasa interés, inflación y tasa cambio), riesgo de crédito, liquidez, operacional, legal, entre otros. Para mitigar el efecto de estos riesgos sobre el portafolio, se pueden llevar a cabo diferentes metodologías y pautas para alcanzar la diversificación. Una de ellas es basada en la teoría de frontera eficiente de Markowitz que indica que una cartera es eficiente si proporciona la máxima rentabilidad posible para un riesgo dado o, de forma equivalente, si presenta el menor riesgo posible para un nivel determinado de rentabilidad. La diversificación eficiente es posible realizarla con herramientas estadísticas como la correlación, entre más débil sea esta entre dos activos, mayor será la probabilidad de cubrimiento del riesgo. La diversificación es importante y necesaria para todo tipo de inversionista llámese conservador, moderado y/o agresivo. Cada uno de ellos está enfrentado a cierto nivel de riesgo y por consiguiente debe gestionarlo y la mejor manera de hacerlo es diversificando su portafolio. En Colombia existen una serie de instrumentos financieros que permiten conformar un portafolio, dependiendo de su naturaleza, los hay de renta fija, renta variable, divisas y derivados. Dentro del grupo de renta fija se negocian los TES (Títulos de deuda pública), los bonos estatales y privados, los papeles comerciales y CDT´s entre otros. Con este abanico de posibilidades de inversión, es viable conformar un portafolio diversificado en Colombia. En síntesis, teniendo en cuenta el tipo de inversionista, los instrumentos de inversión disponibles, la presencia de los diferentes riesgos, las herramientas estadísticas y la relación entre rentabilidad y riesgo, es posible minimizar las pérdidas del portafolio conformado. Este proceso es diversificar, y el no hacerlo es dejar el capital “desprotegido” y susceptible a pérdidas cuantiosas no realizar la diversificación equivale a decir que invertir es igual que “apostar” sin medir las consecuencias. Es así como se establece la importancia de la diversificación en la conformación de un portafolio de inversión en Colombia.The diversification is important in the conformation of a portfolio of investment in Colombia as of year 2009, because without her the invested capital would be exposed to a major risk. Diversification is necessary to establish what assets are the most appropriate to make up for the investment portfolio to the extent that it is permitted, to the movements of the markets of the market, minimize the losses of it. By diversification risk can be managed. A portfolio is exposed to different types of risk, such as: Market risk (interest rate, inflation and exchange rate) credit risk, operational, legal liquidity, among others. To mitigate the effect of these risks on the portfolio, different methodologies and guidelines can be carried out to get diversification. One of them is based on the theory Markowitz efficient and provides maximum possible pro for a determined or an equivalent form if presents the least possible risk for a determined level of profitability. Efficient diversification is possible with statistical tools like correlation, the weaker this one it is between two assets the greater the probability of the hedging of the risk. Diversification is important and necessary for all types of investor, let it be called conservative, moderate or aggressive. Each one of them is facing certain level of risk and must work on it and the best way of doing it is diversifying his portfolio. There are in Colombia several financing instruments that allow you to build a portfolio, depending on its nature, there are those of fixed income, variable income, remittances and derivates. In the fixed revenue group TES, are traded government and private bonds, commercial legal motes and CDT's among others. With this range of investment possibilities, it is viable to make up for a diversified portfolio in Colombia. In brief, taking in to account the type of investor, the available instrument too is the presence of the different risk, the statistical too is and the relation between profitability and risk, it is possible to minimize the losses of the portfolio being made up. This process is to diversify and not to do, it is to leave the capital unprotected and susceptible to lots of losses by not executing the diversification it is the same as to retting not measuring the consequences this is how importance is established in diversification at the moment of conformation in at investment portfolio in Colombia

The olympic ladmark of Nicolás Massú and the chilean tennis in the 2004 Olympic Tennis in Athens: Its impact on chilean national identity

El presente artículo ofrece el resultado del trabajo de investigación histórica realizado en torno a la participación del equipo chileno masculino de tenis en los Juegos Olímpicos de Atenas 2004. Se reconstruyen como antecedentes las circunstancias y evolución deportiva de Nicolás Massú realizando su Historia de Vida deportiva hasta que alcanzó el nivel que le permitió su participación olímpica. En las jornadas de tenis de los Juegos, se ha recuperado el desarrollo y evolución de los partidos disputados por el equipo masculino de tenis chileno durante los días que se celebraron los encuentros, así como los hechos de las circunstancias y los hitos históricos que supusieron la medalla de oro obtenida por Nicolás Massú en el torneo individual y la segunda medalla que consiguió junto con su compañero Fernando González. Igualmente se rescata la memoria histórica de la percepción e influencia que aquellos hechos tuvieron en los ciudadanos de a pie chilenos a través del testimonio de fuentes orales chilenas contemporáneas de aquellos eventos deportivos. Sus relatos se han contrastado con la información que ofreció la prensa chilena, a fin de analizar la influencia, el sentido y la orientación del impacto que alcanzaron aquellos éxitos deportivos en los aspectos relacionados con la unidad, la identidad y la autoestima nacionalThis article offers the result of the historical research work carried out around the participation of the Chilean men's tennis team at the Olympic Games in Athens 2004. It reconstructs as background, the many circumstances and sport evolution of Nicolás Massú carrying out a Sporting Life History until it reached the level that allowed him his Olympic participation. At the Games tennis days, the development and evolution of the matches played by the Chilean men's tennis team during the days that the matches were held, as well as the facts of the circumstances and the historical milestones that represented the gold medal obtained by Nicolás Massú in the individual tournament and the second medal he won along with his teammate Fernando González. Likewise, the historical memory of the perception and influence that those events had on Chilean citizens is recovered through the testimony of contemporary Chilean oral sources of those sporting events. Their stories have been contrasted with the information offered by the Chilean press, in order to analyse the influence, meaning and orientation of the impact achieved by those sporting successes in aspects related to unity, identity and national self-estee

Eichhornia crassipes, SU INVASIVIDAD Y POTENCIAL FITORREMEDIADOR

El jacinto de agua (Eichhornia crassipes) es una planta acuática perenne, que se emplea como especie ornamental para los estanques. Originaria de Brasil, tiene alta capacidad reproductiva y adaptativa, factores que le han permitido estar entre las 10 malezas más invasivas del mundo, extendiéndose a más de cincuenta países de los cinco continentes, causando efectos adversos sobre la flora y fauna nativa. Además forma densas colonias flotadoras, con el consecuente descenso del flujo de agua en los embalses, reducción de cantidad de luz y disminución de la cantidad de oxígeno disuelto. El principal método de control es aplicación de herbicidas, sin embargo, métodos diferentes tienen mayor aceptación pública (e.g. remoción manual, trituración y empleo de controladores bioló- gicos entre ellos, gorgojos (Neochetina spp) y carpa forrajera (Ctenopharyngodon idella)). No obstante, sus características, mencionadas como negativas, (p.e. gran capacidad de adaptación, crecimiento en ambientes contaminados, etc) actualmente están siendo muy estudiadas como herramientas en fitorremediacion ex situ, principalmente como herramienta para la limpieza efectiva de efluentes contaminados con metales pesados, plaguicidas y colorantes vertidos por varias industrias, abriendo la puerta para la investigación a profundidad de esta macrofita. The water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a perennial aquatic plant, it has been used as an ornamental species for ponds. Native from Brazil, it has high reproductive and adaptive capacities. These factors have allowed E. crassipes to be among the 10 most invasive plants in the world propagating in more fifty countries on five continents, causing adverse effects on the native flora and fauna. It forms dense floating colonies that decrease the water flow in reservoirs, reducing the amount of light and dissolved oxygen concentration. Several methods have been applied to control this weed and other introduced aquatic plants. The main one is, is the herbicides application. However, different methods have greater public acceptance (e.g. manual removal, grinding and use of biological controls including weevils (Neochetina spp) and herbivorous carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)). Moreover, their characteristics, mentioned as negative (high adaptive capacity, growth in contaminated environments, etc.), are being deeply studied as tools in ex situ phytoremediation, principally as a tool for effective cleaning of effluents contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides and dyes discharged by various industries, opening new applications for this macrophyte

Teamwork assessment in order to promote engineering students innovative attitude

This paper presents an outline of the evaluation of the active learning taking place in an engineering course1 in the Universidad de los Andes in Colombia. The course intends to contribute to the development of the innovative attitude of Systems and Computing Engineering and Industrial Engineering students (average age is 20), through the development of competences such as: - Engineering teamwork - Effective communication in engineering processes - Engineering systems design - Management of engineering projects Throughout the course the students work in interdisciplinary teams (5 students each). Each team has the following of the teachers (One Computing Engineering professor and one Industrial engineering professor) and one member of the entrepreneurs staff (ICT leaders). Each team should propose and develop an engineering project based on ICT innovation. This course is inspired on the CDIO proposal (Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate), with a particular emphasis in one additional first step: the Observe step. The OCDIO steps (observation, conception, design, implementation and operation) of the project are developed during two academic semesters. At the end of this process, the teams present their project in a fair that’s open for the business public and in a contest. The winners of the contest continue the next year with the implementation of the project [1]. So far, 20 groups have participated each semester and there have been 4 winning teams (20 students). We tried to assess the teamwork evolution along the process and its relation with the innovation attitude. In order to achieve this, we’ve had gathered information from the entrepreneurs, teachers and students who, through observation tools, have allowed us to define indicators related to teamwork. For the analysis we have relied on the different evaluation instances (oral presentations, papers, the fair, and the contest), the tools we have designed (surveys), and video recordings of different processes.Peer Reviewe

Greenfield shopping center development. The integration between environmental features, building design and investment analysis at the decision making stage

The Shopping centre is a long term investment in which Greenfield development decisions are often taken based on risks analysis regarding construction costs, location, competition, market and an expected DCF. Furthermore, integration between the building design, project planning, operational costs and investment analysis is not entirely considered by the investor at the decision making stage. The absence of such information tends to produce certain negative impacts on the future running costs and annual maintenance of the building, especially on energy demand and other occupancy expenses paid by the tenants to the landlord. From the investor´s point of view, this blind spot in strategy development will possibly decrease their profit margin as changes in the occupancy expenses[ ] have a direct outcome on the profit margin. In order to try to reduce some higher operating cost components such as energy use and other utility savings as well as their CO2 emissions, quite a few income properties worldwide have some type of environmental label such as BREEAM and LEED. The drawback identified in this labelling is that usually the investments required to get an ecolabel are high and the investor finds no direct evidence that it increases market value. However there is research on certified commercial properties (especially offices) that shows better performance in terms of occupancy rate and rental cost (Warren-Myers, 2012). Additionally, Sayce (2013) says that the certification only provides a quick reference point i.e. the lack of a certificate does not indicate that a building is not sustainable or efficient. Based on the issues described above, this research compares important components of the development stages such as investments costs, concept/ strategy development as well as the current investor income and property value. The subjects for this analysis are a shopping centre designed with passive cooling/bioclimatic strategies evaluated at the decision making stage, a certified regional shopping centre and a non-certified standard regional shopping centre. Moreover, the proposal intends to provide decision makers with some tools for linking green design features to the investment analysis in order to optimize the decision making process when looking into cost savings and design quality

Evaluation templates and fulfillment of the university formative objectives: diversification and transverselity of criteria in subjects of Spanish Language and Theory of Literature

In the different projects boarded in these last years by our group from educational innovation, attention to two lines of work has been lent that, applied to subjects integrated in the scopes of the study of the Spanish language and of the theory of Literature, were in our opinion essential to approach the new educative space in which we were immersed. In one first stage, it was fundamental the elaboration of educational materials and the use of heterogenous tools that allowed the student to make a pursuit of the subject in which the knowledge was acquired progressively. The space of the Virtual Campus thus becomes a valid platform for the development and design of different types from activities and exercises by means of which complementary tasks to actual teaching are approached. However, this development raises in one second phase –in which we were now– and almost simultaneously, the necessity to analyze the evaluation methods. Once established the continuous evaluation like fundamental criterion in the development of the subject, it is precise to establish general frames that allow at the same time student’s precise pursuit and transverselity between criteria of evaluation shared by several subjects. From these budgets, our work is centered in the creation of templates or model-cards model that identifie so much the evaluation criteria as the aptitudes that the students must surpass, to the object of which can serve as guide in their application to different disciplines. Therefore, on starting from the exercises designed in the first stage of the project, evaluative models are developed that allow to value the degree of assimilation and execution of the different objectives and contents.Example: Work in group and later exposition and discussions by the students: - Consisting of the putting in common of the results derived from the work in group or other individual derivatives of the theoretical and literary text commentary. - Cooperative learning: works in equipment, inside and outside the classroom. Objectives: to favor the doubt and exchange of information on the subjects debate object, besides to foment initiatives and the critical attitude of the students. - Justification: this type of exercises favors the formation of the student in two-way traffic. First, in as much it must construct his own speech, organize it, structure it and argue it for his putting in common before his companions. It facilitates the personal learning and the development of skills related to the construction, elaboration and written expression of different types from speech. The second, the exposition helps to develop skills and comunicative strategies, contributing to improve the oral expression. Finally, the coordination of the work of group causes a greater implication of the students in the process of elaboration and the final results, as much of the work written as of the oral presentation, without forgetting that the use of other resources (presentations, videos... etc.) by the students facilitates his familiarisation with educational and expositive techniques nearer the present contextInted2009 Proceedings C

A Theoretical Framework on the Determinants of Food Purchasing Behavior of the Elderly: A Bibliometric Review with Scientific Mapping in Web of Science

The past few years have seen significant demographic changes in most regions, including an increased elderly population. Subsequently, elderly citizens comprise an important market segment of consumers, with the food industry one of the most affected areas in this context. However, food market managers previously believed that elderly consumers’ needs were stereotyped in nature. The lack of focus on this sector, therefore, left elderly consumers as an untapped market, without realizing the financial independence of this segment regarding their nutrition. This research will attempt to provide the key determinant factors on elderly consumers’ behavior related to food. For that purpose, a complete literature review of more than 123 papers regarding these concepts has been carried out. Once analyzed, we highlight the common insights to give clear guidance for supermarket managers and food manufacturers to have a better knowledge of the reasons behind elderly people’s food acquisitions

Efecto gastroprotector, diurético y sobre la motilidad intestinal del extracto etanólico de Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze "Canchalagua" en ratas albinas

Se comprobó los efectos del extracto etanólico de Schkuhria pinnata(Lamarck) Kuntze “canchalagua” en dosis de: 100 y 200 mg/kg por vía oral, sobre la diuresis, la motilidad intestinal, y el efecto gastroprotector en ratones y ratas albinas. Para el estudio del efecto gastroprotector se trabajó el método de inducción de úlceras empleando etanol a 96° en los siguientes grupos: Control Negativo Suero fisiológico (2ml/kg) Control Positivo: Omeprazol (20mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). Para evaluar el efecto diurético se trabajó: Grupo Control Negativo Suero fisiológico (2ml/kg) Control Positivo: Furosemida (10mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100 mg/kg). Para evaluar el efecto sobre motilidad intestinal se utilizó el modelo de carbón activado en los siguientes grupos: Control Negativo Suero fisiológico (0.1ml/10g) Control Positivo: Loperamida (3 mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200 mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100 mg/kg). Los resultados muestran un efecto gastroprotector y sobre la motilidad intestinal del extracto a dosis de 100 mg/kg (p es menor que 0.05) y un efecto diurético a dosis de 200 mg/kg (p es menor que 0.05). En conclusión queda demostrado que el extracto etanólico de Schkuhria pinnata L tiene efecto gastroprotector, diurético y sobre la motilidad intestinal, en los modelos experimentales trabajados. Palabras Clave: Schkuhria pinnata, úlcera gástrica, efecto diurético, motilidad intestinal, ratas.It tested the effects of ethanol extract of Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze "canchalagua" in doses of 100 and 200 mg / kg orally on urine output, intestinal motility, and gastroprotective effect in mice and albino rats. To study the gastroprotective effect worked on the method of induction of ulcers using ethanol at 96 ° in the following groups: negative control saline (2ml/kg) Positive Control: omeprazole (20mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). To evaluate the diuretic effect worked: Negative control group saline (2ml/kg) Positive Control: Furosemide (10mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). To assess the effect on intestinal motility model was used activated carbon into the following groups: saline negative control (0.1ml/10g) Positive Control: loperamide (3mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). The results show a gastroprotective effect on intestinal motility and the extract at doses of 100mg /kg (p is less than 0.05) and a diuretic effect at doses of 200mg/kg (p is less than 0.05). In conclusion it is demonstrated that the ethanol extract of Schkuhria pinnata L has gastroprotective effect, diuretic and intestinal motility in experimental models worked. Key Words: Schkuhria pinnata, gastric ulcer, diuretic, intestinal motility, rats.Tesi