Evaluation templates and fulfillment of the university formative objectives: diversification and transverselity of criteria in subjects of Spanish Language and Theory of Literature

In the different projects boarded in these last years by our group from educational innovation, attention to two lines of work has been lent that, applied to subjects integrated in the scopes of the study of the Spanish language and of the theory of Literature, were in our opinion essential to approach the new educative space in which we were immersed. In one first stage, it was fundamental the elaboration of educational materials and the use of heterogenous tools that allowed the student to make a pursuit of the subject in which the knowledge was acquired progressively. The space of the Virtual Campus thus becomes a valid platform for the development and design of different types from activities and exercises by means of which complementary tasks to actual teaching are approached. However, this development raises in one second phase –in which we were now– and almost simultaneously, the necessity to analyze the evaluation methods. Once established the continuous evaluation like fundamental criterion in the development of the subject, it is precise to establish general frames that allow at the same time student’s precise pursuit and transverselity between criteria of evaluation shared by several subjects. From these budgets, our work is centered in the creation of templates or model-cards model that identifie so much the evaluation criteria as the aptitudes that the students must surpass, to the object of which can serve as guide in their application to different disciplines. Therefore, on starting from the exercises designed in the first stage of the project, evaluative models are developed that allow to value the degree of assimilation and execution of the different objectives and contents.Example: Work in group and later exposition and discussions by the students: - Consisting of the putting in common of the results derived from the work in group or other individual derivatives of the theoretical and literary text commentary. - Cooperative learning: works in equipment, inside and outside the classroom. Objectives: to favor the doubt and exchange of information on the subjects debate object, besides to foment initiatives and the critical attitude of the students. - Justification: this type of exercises favors the formation of the student in two-way traffic. First, in as much it must construct his own speech, organize it, structure it and argue it for his putting in common before his companions. It facilitates the personal learning and the development of skills related to the construction, elaboration and written expression of different types from speech. The second, the exposition helps to develop skills and comunicative strategies, contributing to improve the oral expression. Finally, the coordination of the work of group causes a greater implication of the students in the process of elaboration and the final results, as much of the work written as of the oral presentation, without forgetting that the use of other resources (presentations, videos... etc.) by the students facilitates his familiarisation with educational and expositive techniques nearer the present contextInted2009 Proceedings C

Relatos de madres de desaparecidos: voces desde el colectivo

La desaparición forzada en el país es alarmante, sobre todo de jóvenes de 15 a 29 años. Este evento rompe el lazo social y deja a las madres en estado traumático. El propósito de esta investigación fue triangular las narrativas de desaparición, denuncia e integración de las madres al colectivo. Los resultados muestran que la vivencia de desaparición y el proceso de denuncia son tramas de degradación, donde las madres quedan revictimizadas, dado el maltrato de servidores públicos; mientras que, la integración a un colectivo hace de ideal reparatorio, pues confraternizan las madres en su dolor y resistencia en la búsqueda. Se concluye invitando a los psicólogos a buscar modos de elaboración acordes a la vivencia de trauma social

Therapeutic Value of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on the Efficacy of New Therapies in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

The introduction of new therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is a very recent phenomenon and little is known of their mechanism of action. Moreover, the response is subject to interindividual variability and may be affected by genetic factors, such as polymorphisms in the genes implicated in the pathologic environment, pharmacodynamics, and metabolism of the disease or in the mechanism of action of the medications, influencing the effectiveness of these therapies. This review evaluates the impact of pharmacogenetics on the response to treatment with new therapies in patients diagnosed with MS. The results suggest that polymorphisms detected in the GSTP1, ITGA4, NQO1, AKT1, and GP6 genes, for treatment with natalizumab, ZMIZ1, for fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate, ADA, for cladribine, and NOX3, for dimethyl fumarate, may be used in the future as predictive markers of treatment response to new therapies in MS patients. However, there are few existing studies and their samples are small, making it difficult to generalize the role of these genes in treatment with new therapies. Studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are therefore needed to confirm the results of these studies

De la opresión al bienestar. Explorando poder, opresión y bienestar entre inmigrantes marroquíes en España

Durante las últimas décadas, millones de personas han llegado a países de la Unión Europea para mejorar su calidad de vida y la de sus familiares. Las diferentes culturas, mercados y servicios que encuentran en Europa, fomentan en estos nuevos ciudadanos de la Unión Europea expectativas de satisfacción de sus necesidades, reconocimiento justo de sus aportaciones. Sin embargo, frecuentemente los inmigrantes se incorporan a un mercado laboral precario, que les obliga a asentarse en barrios sin acceso a servicios y recursos sociales, fomentando actitudes de rechazo en los vecinos nativos. La incorporación de los inmigrantes se realiza, por tanto, en condiciones asimétricas, que dificultan sus posibilidades para desarrollar su proyecto migratorio. En este contexto, la adaptación de la comunidad inmigrante se configura como uno de los principales desafíos para el presente y futuro de la Unión Europea

Education as the creation of microcultures. From the local community to the virtual network

This article presents the work undertaken by a multidisciplinary group, comprising researchers from the fields of psychology, education and technology, as we set about developing new virtual tools for collaborative learning. We began from our experience acquired in learning communities based on the "Fifth Dimension" model, in which ICTs are used in a collaborative fashion. The work undertaken with members of ethnic minority groups in communities of this type underlies the theoretical and practical development of the foundations for intercultural education. Finally, we describe the process by which we constructed virtual tools that can be appropriated from a wide variety of contexts

Nutritional and antioxidant properties of pulp and seeds of two xoconostle cultivars (Opuntia joconostle F.A.C. Weber ex Diguet and Opuntia matudae Scheinvar) of high consumption in Mexico

The genus Opuntia embraces different species of cactus, and many of them produce acid fruits known as xoconostle, which are considered valuable vegetable foods in Latin America. Xoconostle fruit contains an edible thick-acid-freshly mesocarp, and seeds that are considered as by-products. Given the high potential of its use and consumption, and the lack of information about its detailed chemical composition and bioactive compounds, the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and antioxidant properties of pulp and seeds of two highly consumed commercial cultivars of xoconostle fruits (Opuntia joconostle F.A.C. Weber ex Diguet, cv. Cuaresmeño, and Opuntia matudae Scheinvar, cv. Rosa). This investigation shows that the pulp of the studied xoconostle cultivars had an appreciable amount of soluble fiber and antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acid, while the seeds are a source of fiber, phenolics, flavonoids, PUFAs and tocopherols (specially γ-tocopherol), which provide a good antioxidant capacity. In the light of these results, xoconostle fruits should be considered of great interest for either promoting the conventional consumption, and also as sources of bioactive compounds for the addition to other food products, so that all the nutrients present are fully used, instead of being discarded

L'educació com a creació de microcultures : de la comunitat local a la xarxa virtual

Este artículo presenta el trabajo llevado a cabo por un grupo multidisciplinario que comprende investigadores del campo de la psicología, la educación y la tecnología, dado que se quieren desarrollar nuevas herramientas virtuales para el aprendizaje colaborativo. Se comenzó desde la experiencia adquirida en comunidades de aprendizaje basadas en el modelo Cinquena Dimensió donde las TIC son utilizadas de manera colaborativa. A través del trabajo con miembros de grupos étnicos minoritarios en comunidades de este tipo se persigue el desarrollo teórico y práctico de los fundamentos de la educación intercultural. Finalmente, se describe el proceso mediante el cual se construyeron herramientas virtuales que pueden ser apropiadas desde una amplia variedad de contextosCet article présente le travail mené à terme par un groupe multidisciplinaire qui comprend des chercheurs des domaines de la psychologie, de l'éducation et de la technologie, afi n de développer de nouveaux outils virtuels pour l'apprentissage en collaboration. Le travail a été entamé à partir de l'expérience acquise dans des communautés d'apprentissage basées sur le modèle de la «cinquième dimension » dans lequel les TIC sont utilisées comme collaboratrices. C'est grâce au travail avec des membres de groupes ethniques minoritaires dans des communautés de ce type que se poursuit le développement théorique et pratique des fondements de l'éducation interculturelle. Enfin, l'étude décrit le processus grâce auquel ont été construits des outils virtuels pouvant être appropriés dans une grande variété de contextes.This paper presents the study carried out by a multi-disciplinary group encompassing psychology, education and technology field researchers with the aim of developing new virtual tools for collaborative learning. Work began through the experience acquired in learning communities based on the "Fifth Dimension" model, where ICTs are used collaboratively. Through work with members of minority ethnic groups in communities of this type, the theoretical and practical development of the foundations of intercultural education is pursued. Last of all, there is a description of the process through which virtual tools were constructed that may be appropriate in a wide range of contexts

Predictive Value of Serum Antibodies and Point Mutations of AQP4, AQP1 and MOG in A Cohort of Spanish Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

The detection of IgG aquaporin-4 antibodies in the serum of patients with Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has dramatically improved the diagnosis of this disease and its distinction from multiple sclerosis. Recently, a group of patients have been described who have an NMO spectrum disorder (NMOsd) and who are seronegative for AQP4 antibodies but positive for IgG aquaporin-1 (AQP1) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AQP1 and MOG could be considered new biomarkers of this disease; and if point mutations in the gDNA of AQP4, AQP1 and MOG genes could be associated with the etiology of NMOsd. We evaluated the diagnostic capability of ELISA and cell-based assays (CBA), and analyzed their reliability, specificity, and sensitivity in detecting antibodies against these three proteins. The results showed that both assays can recognize these antigen proteins under appropriate conditions, but only anti-AQP4 antibodies, and not AQP1 or MOG, appears to be a clear biomarker for NMOsd. CBA is the best method for detecting these antibodies; and serum levels of AQP4 antibodies do not correlate with the progression of this disease. So far, the sequencing analysis has not revealed a genetic basis for the etiology of NMOsd, but a more extensive analysis is required before definitive conclusions can be drawn.Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadFEDER (Grants PI16/01249 y PI16/00493

A New Look at Cardiac Defense: Attention or Emotion?

El estudio de la respuesta cardiaca de defensa tiene una larga tradición en la investigación psicológica, tanto desde la perspectiva cognitiva –vinculada a los trabajos de Pavlov, Sokolov y Graham sobre los reflejos sensoriales–, como desde la perspectiva motivacional –vinculada a los trabajos de Cannon e investigadores posteriores, sobre los conceptos de activación y estrés–. Estas dos perspectivas han sido difíciles de integrar en el pasado. El presente artículo resume una serie de estudios sobre la respuesta cardiaca de defensa, desde una perspectiva diferente, que permite integrar las dos aproximaciones tradicionales. La nueva perspectiva hace hincapié en una interpretación procesual y secuencial de la respuesta cardiaca de defensa. Los resultados de estudios descriptivos y paramétricos, junto con los de estudios que examinan los mecanismos fisiológicos y psicológicos subyacentes a la respuesta, ponen de manifiesto un patrón complejo de cambios cardiacos en los que aparecen componentes tanto acelerativos como desacelerativos, con influencias simpáticas y parasimpáticas, y con significación tanto atencional como emocional. Las implicaciones de esta nueva visión de la respuesta defensiva del corazón se discuten en relación con la defensa en contextos naturales, los mecanismos cerebrales que controlan tales reacciones y sus efectos sobre la salud y la enfermedad.The study of cardiac defense has a long tradition in psychological research both within the cognitive approach—linked to Pavlov, Sokolov, and Graham’s work on sensory reflexes—and within the motivational one—linked to the work of Cannon and subsequent researchers on the concepts of activation and stress. These two approaches have been difficult to reconcile in the past. We summarize a series of studies on cardiac defense from a different perspective, which allows integration of the traditional approaches. This new perspective emphasizes a sequential process interpretation of the cardiac defense response. Results of descriptive and parametric studies, as well as those of studies examining the physiological and psychological mechanisms underlying the response, show a complex response pattern with both accelerative and decelerative components, with both sympathetic and parasympathetic influences, and with both attentional and emotional significance. The implications of this new look at cardiac defense are discussed in relation to defensive reactions in natural settings, the brain mechanisms controlling such reactions, and their effects on health and illnes