Antibacterial activity of cefoperazone metal complexes

Cefoperazone complexes with different metal ions of 1:1 metal to antibiotic stoichiometry have been prepared. The [M(cefopz)CI] complexes (M = Co, Cu and Cd) were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The solubility of the cefoperazone complexes in water and common organic solvents is reduced on complexation. All complexes show higher activity against Salmonella enteritidis. The Co(II) and Cd(II) complexes show better activity in the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and Cu(II) and Cd(II) complexes against Shigella sonnei than cefoperazone sodium. The complexes showed to be less active than free cefoperazone against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis.Cefoperazone complexes with different metal ions of 1:1 metal to antibiotic stoichiometry have been prepared. The [M(cefopz)Cl] complexes (M = Co, Cu and Cd) were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The solubility of the cefoperazone complexes in water and common organic solvents is reduced on complexation. All complexes show higher activity against Salmonella enteritidis. The Co(II) and Cd(II) complexes show better activity in the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and Cu(II) and Cd(II) complexes against Shigella sonnei than cefoperazone sodium. The complexes showed to be less active than free cefoperazone against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Medición de impedancia eléctrica en tejido biológico – revisión

El siguiente trabajo presenta una revisión de las propiedades eléctricas de los tejidos biológicos. Los tópicos incluidos en el trabajo son el estudio, caracterización y técnicas de medición. Se aborda el tema de las propiedades de conductividad (σ) y permitividad (ε) eléctrica de los tejidos y los modelos creados para su estimación y aproximación. Se presentan las características de los elementos de medición, ventajas y desventajas de los diferentes métodos creados y sus aplicaciones. Se mencionan algunos de los tipos de señales más utilizadas en cuanto a corriente y frecuencia de aplicación. Finalmente se presentan algunas recomendaciones a tener en cuenta al momento de realizar mediciones in vivo, para disminuir los errores debido a las múltiples fuentes fisiológicas. Esta revisión permitió obtener los lineamientos y condiciones de un trabajo de medición de impedancia de fémur que se encuentra en desarrollo.This paper presents a review of the electrical properties of biological tissues regarding their study, characterization, and measurement techniques. Electrical conductivity (σ) and permittivity (ε) property of tissues, and models developed for their estimation and approximation are mentioned. Measurement elements, advantages and disadvantages of different methods and their applications are presented. Some types of signals used in terms of current and frequency of application are described. Finally, some recommendations to consider for measurements in vivo to reduce errors produced by multiple physiological sources are done. This review permitted to obtain guidelines and conditions for impedance measurement work of femur, which one is doing

The Area of Pressure-Induced Referred Pain Is Dependent on the Intensity of the Suprathreshold Stimulus: An Explorative Study

Objective: To investigate the pain referral area (number of pixels) and extent (vector length) as elicited from increasing intensities of pressure-induced pain at the shoulder. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Clinical laboratory setting. Participants: Twenty-two healthy men and women participated in two experimental sessions. Methods: Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) was induced in the dominant shoulder and assessed 24 hours later. Participants rated the level of DOMS on a 6-point Likert scale. Four different intensities (pressure pain threshold [PPT]+20%, PPT+30%, PPT+40%, and PPT+50%) were applied to the infraspinatus in a randomized, balanced fashion for 60 seconds from low to high intensity or vice versa. The resulting location, area, and extent of referred pain as drawn by the participants on a digital body chart were extracted and expressed in pixels. The extent of pain was defined as the vector length extending from the ipsilateral earlobe to the most distal location of the pain. Results: The referred pain area from PPT+20% was smaller than PPT+30%, PPT+40%, and PPT+50%. The extent of referred pain did not differ between the pressure pain intensities. Conclusions: Pressure intensity at PPT+30%, but no more, produces the greatest referred pain area as compared with the traditional pressure intensity of PPT+20%. Thus, the intensity of PPT+30% may be ideal for exploring the mechanisms of referred pain. The extent of the pain represents an independent expression of the intensity of the provoking stimulus and may be more closely related to the location of the stimulus

Genetic and phenotypic diversity characterization of natural populations of the parasitoid Parvilucifera sinerae

Parasites exert important top-down control of their host populations. The host−parasite system formed by Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) and Parvilucifera sinerae (Perkinsozoa) offers an opportunity to advance our knowledge of parasitism in planktonic communities. In this study, DNA extracted from 73 clonal strains of P. sinerae, from 10 different locations along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, was used to genetically characterize this parasitoid at the species level. All strains showed identical sequences of the small and large subunits and internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal RNA, as well as of the β-tubulin genes. However, the phenotypical characterization showed variability in terms of host invasion, zoospore success, maturation time, half-maximal infection, and infection rate. This characterization grouped the strains within 3 phenotypic types distinguished by virulence traits. A particular virulence pattern could not be ascribed to host-cell bloom appearance or to the location or year of parasite-strain isolation; rather, some parasitoid strains from the same bloom significantly differed in their virulence traits. Identical markers such as ITS and β-tubulin genes of P. sinerae strains from different geographic areas and from different years precludes their use in assessing intra-specific diversity and could indicate a recent dispersion of this species.Versión del editor2,393

Bloom dynamics of an exceptional red tide of the toxigenic dinoflagellate

The toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum generally proliferates in semi-enclosed sites such as estuaries, harbours and lagoons, where stratification, restricted circulation and accumulation of resting cysts set suitable conditions for its development. In the Galician Rías (NW Iberian Peninsula), its blooms follow also this pattern. They are recurrent in small, shallow estuarine bays inside the Rías, but rarely detected, and if so in minor amount, out of these areas. However, a massive proliferation of A. minutum from June to July 2018 in the Rías Baixas (Vigo and Pontevedra) changed this picture. The bloom initiated in semi-enclosed waters, as previously described for this species, but thereafter spread to the whole embayments where persisted more than one month. It generated a noticeable red tide with disperse patches that became heavily concentrated inside the port of Vigo. During that period shellfish harvesting closures and paralytic shellfish toxins in certain marine invertebrates and fish were reported for the first time in Spain. Meteorological conditions (higher than usual rains/runoff, sustained temperature increment and oscillating wind pattern promoting a series of upwelling-relaxation cycles) fostered optimal circumstances for the outbreak of A. minutum: strong vertical stratification and the alternation of retention and dispersion processes. Simulations from a particle tracking model portrayed the observed bloom development phases: onset, transport within the surface layer towards the interior parts of the Ría of Vigo, and dispersion all over the embayment. High concentrations of resting cysts were detected several months after the bloom, which may have favoured flourish of A. minutum in the following years, markedly in 2020

Cryptic Oral Microbiota: What Is Its Role as Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Periodontal Pathogens?

Q2Q2Periodontitis has been commonly linked to periodontopathogens categorized in Socransky’s microbial complexes; however, there is a lack of knowledge regarding “other microorganisms” or “cryptic microorganisms”, which are rarely thought of as significant oral pathogens and have been neither previously categorized nor connected to illnesses in the oral cavity. This study hypothesized that these cryptic microorganisms could contribute to the modulation of oral microbiota present in health or disease (periodontitis and/or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients). For this purpose, the presence and correlation among these cultivable cryptic oral microorganisms were identified, and their possible role in both conditions was determined. Data from oral samples of individuals with or without periodontitis and with or without OSA were obtained from a previous study. Demographic data, clinical oral characteristics, and genera and species of cultivable cryptic oral microorganisms identified by MALDI-TOF were recorded. The data from 75 participants were analyzed to determine the relative frequencies of cultivable cryptic microorganisms’ genera and species, and microbial clusters and correlations tests were performed. According to periodontal condition, dental-biofilminduced gingivitis in reduced periodontium and stage III periodontitis were found to have the highest diversity of cryptic microorganism species. Based on the experimental condition, these findings showed that there are genera related to disease conditions and others related to healthy conditions, with species that could be related to different chronic diseases being highlighted as periodontitis and OSA comorbidities. The cryptic microorganisms within the oral microbiota of patients with periodontitis and OSA are present as potential pathogens, promoting the development of dysbiotic microbiota and the occurrence of chronic diseases, which have been previously proposed to be common risk factors for periodontitis and OSA. Understanding the function of possible pathogens in the oral microbiota will require more research.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-7822https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5841-3014https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-8725https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-9341https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9884-9242https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-9141https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-5429Revista Internacional - IndexadaA1N

Promoting FAIRness in marine data at Centro Nacional Instituto Español de Oceanografía

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography is responsible, among other aspects, for scienti c and technical advice for the Government's sheries policy as well as for the protection and sustainability of the marine environment. In this task, it generates a large amount of oceanographic data characterized by its spatial dispersion during acquisition as well as by its di erent typology. The purpose of both the National Oceanographic Data Center and the GIS team is to safeguard data and to disclose what data exists and where, how and when it has been acquired and, in addition, to provide access to that data through the collaboration with di erent international data infrastructures like EMODnet or SeaDataNet. To this end, the data and metadata are subjected to quality control and formatted for integration into a national Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). This SDI has a GeoNetwork catalogue with ~ 1750 oceanographic campaigns, together with (meta)data and services that are continuously being revised and incorporated. All this with the ultimate goal of making the data increasingly FAIR

The Absence of Caspase-8 in the Dopaminergic System Leads to Mild Autism-like Behavior

In the last decade, new non-apoptotic roles have been ascribed to apoptotic caspases. This family of proteins plays an important role in the sculpting of the brain in the early stages of development by eliminating excessive and nonfunctional synapses and extra cells. Consequently, impairments in this process can underlie many neurological and mental illnesses. This view is particularly relevant to dopamine because it plays a pleiotropic role in motor control, motivation, and reward processing. In this study, we analyze the effects of the elimination of caspase-8 (CASP8) on the development of catecholaminergic neurons using neurochemical, ultrastructural, and behavioral tests. To do this, we selectively delete the CASP8 gene in cells that express tyrosine hydroxylase with the help of recombination through the Cre-loxP system. Our results show that the number of dopaminergic neurons increases in the substantia nigra. In the striatum, the basal extracellular level of dopamine and potassium-evoked dopamine release decreased significantly in mice lacking CASP8, clearly showing the low dopamine functioning in tissues innervated by this neurotransmitter. This view is supported by electron microscopy analysis of striatal synapses. Interestingly, behavioral analysis demonstrates that mice lacking CASP8 show changes reminiscent of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Our research reactivates the possible role of dopamine transmission in the pathogenesis of ASD and provides a mild model of autism.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad RTI2018-098645-B-I00, PID2019-109569GB-I00, RTI2018-099778-B-I00Junta de Andalucía P18-RT-1372, US-1264806, PI-0080-2017, PI-0009-2017, PI-0134-2018, PEMP-0008-2020, P20_00958, CTS-510Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI18/01691Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz-INiBICA LI19/06IN-CO22, IN-C09European Union 95568

Humanized medium (h7H) allows long-term primary follicular thyroid cultures from human normal thyroid, benign neoplasm, and cancer

Mechanisms of thyroid physiology and cancer are principally studied in follicular cell lines. However, human thyroid cancer lines were found to be heavily contaminated by other sources, and only one supposedly normal-thyroid cell line, immortalized with SV40 antigen, is available. In primary culture, human follicular cultures lose their phenotype after passage. We hypothesized that the loss of the thyroid phenotype could be related to culture conditions in which human cells are grown in medium optimized for rodent culture, including hormones with marked differences in its affinity for the relevant rodent/human receptor.|The objective of the study was to define conditions that allow the proliferation of primary human follicular thyrocytes for many passages without losing phenotype.|Concentrations of hormones, transferrin, iodine, oligoelements, antioxidants, metabolites, and ethanol were adjusted within normal homeostatic human serum ranges. Single cultures were identified by short tandem repeats. Human-rodent interspecies contamination was assessed.|We defined an humanized 7 homeostatic additives medium enabling growth of human thyroid cultures for more than 20 passages maintaining thyrocyte phenotype. Thyrocytes proliferated and were grouped as follicle-like structures; expressed Na+/I- symporter, pendrin, cytokeratins, thyroglobulin, and thyroperoxidase showed iodine-uptake and secreted thyroglobulin and free T3. Using these conditions, we generated a bank of thyroid tumors in culture from normal thyroids, Grave's hyperplasias, benign neoplasms (goiter, adenomas), and carcinomas.|Using appropriate culture conditions is essential for phenotype maintenance in human thyrocytes. The bank of thyroid tumors in culture generated under humanized humanized 7 homeostatic additives culture conditions will provide a much-needed tool to compare similarly growing cells from normal vs pathological origins and thus to elucidate the molecular basis of thyroid disease.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIXunta de GaliciaFondo Social Europeo of the European Communit