La consulta previa para el uso de la tierra destinada a la industria extractiva

[Resumen] Con motivo de una reciente reforma constitucional en materia energética, el sistema jurídico mexicano fue radicalmente modificado, abriendo el mercado energético al sector privado, incluso, incorporando a las compañías públicas al propio mercado, tanto en hidrocarburos como en energía eléctrica. Adicionalmente, tomando en consideración el régimen especial de la tierra en México, mediante el cual se conceden ciertas garantías a los tenedores de ésta, cuando se traten de ejidos o pueblos indígenas el nuevo comportamiento de la industria energética para la explotación de la tierra impone una serie de mecanismos de negociación para el uso del suelo, tomando en consideración el máximo respeto por los derechos y garantías de los pueblos indígenas y de los ejidatarios. Adicionalmente, con una legislación más antigua, se expondrá lo relativo a la consulta previa tratándose de la industria minera en México. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es exponer de forma general, el régimen de consulta previa que ahora se exige de forma estatutaria para el uso de la tierra, sea su destino el sector minero, eléctrico o de hidrocarburos. Se debe tomar en cuenta que la reforma constitucional en materia energética, así como su legislación secundaria, aún y cuando ya entró en vigor, todavía está en proceso de implementación[Abstract] A propos of the recent constitutional reform enacted in Mexico regarding energy regulation, the legal system was radically changed opening the market to private companies, even fully incorporating the public companies to the market, both in hydrocarbons and electric energy. Also, bearing in mind the special regime of the soil, which grants certain protection to the land owned by indigenous people and/or farmers (Ejidatarios), the new behavior of the energy industry for land exploitation will impose the previous consultation mechanism and other negotiation instruments with the outmost respect for the rights and warranties of indigenous people and ejidatarios. In adition, with and older piece of legislation, we comment on the rights and warraties of those regarding mining industry. Therefore, the objetive of this research is to submit a general depiction of the previous consultation, now enforced on the energy industry for the use of the land. Bear in mind that this constitutional reform and the posterior Acts, are quite recent and still in the process of implementing them by the different legal operator

Age and living situation as key factors in understanding changes in alcohol use during COVID-19 confinement

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and characterize changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 confinement in a sample of Spanish adults, analyzing their age and living situation as defining life cycle variables. (2) Method: Data from 3779 individuals were collected through a set of online surveys. AUDIT-C was used to measure the frequency of consumption, the average daily consumption, intensive consumption, risky consumption, and Standard Drink Units. (3) Results: Although alcohol consumption during confinement showed a significant general decline, age revealed important differences, with the decline being more pronounced in adults from 18 to 29 years old. The living situation also showed significant differences. The largest decreases in alcohol consumption were found in those who lived with their parents or other relatives, whereas those who lived alone or with a partner even increased their level of consumption. In addition, the data show a significant interaction between these two variables and gender. (4) Conclusions: Age and cohabitation processes are key factors in understanding the life situation of each individual during confinement and, consequently, in explaining consumption patterns. The results obtained provide interesting recommendations for designing prevention policies in both normal and crisis circumstances, emphasizing the need to understand alcohol use from a psychosocial perspectiveValencian International University [PII2020_05]S

Distributed urban traffic applications based on CORBA event services

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in urban environments are based today on modern embedded systems with enhanced digital connectivity and higher processing capabilities, supporting distributed applications working in a cooperative manner. This paper provides an overview about modern cooperative ITS equipments and presents a distributed application to be used in an urban data network. As a case example, an application based on an embedded CORBA-compliant middleware layer and several computer vision equipments is presented. Results prove the feasibility of distributed applications for building intelligent urban environments

Graphical description of problem solving practice in mathematical modelling

II Congreso Internacional Virtual sobre el Enfoque Ontosemiótico del Conocimiento y la Instrucción Matemáticos (CIVEOS-2), 23-26 de marzo de 2017. [http://enfoqueontosemiotico.ugr.es/]Se presenta un estudio en el que se describe la práctica de resolución de un conjunto de problemas de modelación matemática realizada por un profesor universitario. Se emplea la técnica del mapa conceptual, interpretada a la luz del Enfoque Ontosemiótico, para describir gráficamente la configuración de objetos matemáticos organizada por el profesor durante la resolución de los problemas. Dicha configuración fue obtenida a partir de la producción oral y escrita que fue recabada mediante el empleo de una pluma electrónica. La visualización, a través del mapa conceptual, de las características de la red de conceptos y procesos puestos en juego en la resolución del problema permite tener un acercamiento a los significados asociados por el sujeto.In this paper we present a study in which the practice of solving a set of mathematical modelling problems performed by a university lecturer is described. The conceptual map technique, interpreted in the light of the Onto-semiotic Approach, is used to graphically describe the configuration of mathematical objects organised by the lecturer during problem solving. This configuration was obtained from the oral and written production that was collected by the use of an electronic pen. The visualization, through the conceptual map, of the characteristics of the concepts and processes network brought into play in the problem solving allows having an approach to the meanings associated by the subject

Particle swarm grammatical evolution for energy demand estimation

[EN] Grammatical Swarm is a search and optimization algorithm that belongs to the more general Grammatical Evolution family, which works with a set of solutions called individuals or particles. It uses the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm as the search engine in the evolution of solutions. In this paper, we present a Grammatical Swarm algorithm for total energy demand estimation in a country from macroeconomic variables. Each particle in the Grammatical Swarm encodes a different model for energy demand estimation, which will be decoded by a predefined grammar. The parameters of the model are also optimized by the proposed algorithm, in such a way that the model is adjusted to a training set of real energy demand data, selecting the more appropriate variables to appear in the model. We analyze the performance of the Grammatical Swarm evolution in two real problems of one-year ahead energy demand estimation in Spain and France. The proposal is compared with previous approaches with competitive results.Spanish Ministerial Commission of Science and Technology (MICYT), Grant/Award Number: TIN2017-85887-C2-2-P; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Grant/Award Number: PGC2018-095322-B-C22 and RTI2018-095180-B-I00; Comunidad de Madrid y Fondos Estructurales de la Union Europea, Grant/Award Number: S2018/TCS-4566 and Y2018/NMT-4668; GenObIA-CM, Grant/Award Number: S2017/BMD-3773; Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Grant/Award Number: MTM2017-89664-PMartínez-Rodríguez, D.; Colmenar, JM.; Hidalgo, JI.; Villanueva Micó, RJ.; Salcedo-Sanz, S. (2020). Particle swarm grammatical evolution for energy demand estimation. Energy Science & Engineering. 8(4):1068-1079. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.568S1068107984Safarzyńska, K., & van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. (2017). Integrated crisis-energy policy: Macro-evolutionary modelling of technology, finance and energy interactions. 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Energy efficiency evaluation and energy saving based on DEA integrated affinity propagation clustering: Case study of complex petrochemical industries. Energy, 179, 863-875. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.042Han, Y., Long, C., Geng, Z., Zhu, Q., & Zhong, Y. (2019). A novel DEACM integrating affinity propagation for performance evaluation and energy optimization modeling: Application to complex petrochemical industries. Energy Conversion and Management, 183, 349-359. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.120Han, Y., Wu, H., Jia, M., Geng, Z., & Zhong, Y. (2019). Production capacity analysis and energy optimization of complex petrochemical industries using novel extreme learning machine integrating affinity propagation. Energy Conversion and Management, 180, 240-249. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.11.001Colmenar, J. M., Hidalgo, J. I., & Salcedo-Sanz, S. (2018). Automatic generation of models for energy demand estimation using Grammatical Evolution. 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Conversion of aqueous ethanol/acetaldehyde mixtures into 1,3-butadiene over a mesostructured Ta-SBA-15 catalyst: Effect of reaction conditions and kinetic modelling

This paper studies key issues for the design of industrial ethanol to 1,3-butadiene two-step processes, focusing on the second catalytic reaction step, for which a Ta-SBA-15 catalyst was chosen as a representative of the new generation of two-step catalysts. The important practical aspects studied were: i) the effect of operating conditions and the presence of impurities (water) in the ethanol feedstock on the performance of the catalyst, ii) stability and regeneration of the catalyst, and iii) the development of a kinetic model that can be used as a tool for designing the industrial process. The results showed that there are large non-linear interacting effects between the reaction conditions (temperature, space velocity and ethanol/acetaldehyde mole ratio) which must be carefully selected to optimize the catalyst performance. When shifting from an anhydrous to an aqueous ethanol/acetaldehyde feed (7.5 wt% water), catalyst performance at high temperature barely changed while at low temperature, conversion of ethanol and acetaldehyde decreased. Water in the feed largely increased the stability of Ta-SBA-15 catalyst. Finally, a kinetic model of a fresh catalyst was developed, whose novelty lies in the use of kinetic equations that account for the effect of water in the feed on the catalyst performance.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad CTQ2015-71427-

Ethical considerations in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. The prevalence of ACS increases with age and patients with advanced age have some co-morbidities that require an individualized approach, which includes a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Ageism is a matter of great concern. In this scenario, some ethical conflicts may arise which should be anticipated, considered, and solved. Clinicians will need to prioritize and allocate resources, to avoid futility/proportionality, which is not always easy to assess in these patients. This review aims to summarize the evidence regarding ethical conflicts that may arise in the management of patients with ACS and advanced age. We will discuss how to choose the best option (which frequently is not the only one) with the lowest risk for harm, considering and respecting the patients' decision. The four basic principles of bioethics (beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice) are thoroughly reviewed, and discussed, regarding their role in the decision making process

Impact of different levels of handling on Solea senegalensis culture: effects on growth and molecular markers of stress

[EN] Aquaculture routine practices may cause stress induction on the fish and compromise their welfare affecting the production. This experiment aimed to evaluate the potential links between handling during culture with stress responses and growth on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). We worked with two fish cohorts in terms of initial body weight and culture stage: Trial 1 included specimens in the fattening stage (226 ± 4.96 g) and Trial 2 animals in the pre-fattening stage (27.20 ± 0.44 g). The tested culture protocol, which lasted 6 and 4 months for Trial 1 and 2, respectively, mainly reduced handling-derived stressors in the experimental tanks via lowering routine samplings to a minimum. This decrease of the handling-derived stress was reflected in both trials with lower concentration of circulating cortisol in blood plasma from the experimental fish when compared to controls. Moreover, the proposed protocol promoted higher growth in the fish cultured in the less disturbing protocol in Trial 2. Higher specific growth rates and mean body weight and length were reported. In order to further explore the potential beneficial effects of our protocol, we studied the musculoskeletal from Trial 2 gene expression of key genes regulating glucocorticoid signaling pathway and apoptosis: glucocorticoid receptors 1 and 2 (gr1, gr2), heat shock protein 90 AA (hsp90aa), and caspase 6 (casp6). In line with the cortisol reduced level in this trial, gr1, hsp90aa, and casp6 genes showed lower expression in the samples coming from the experimental group. The findings of this study provide valuable information to the aquaculture industry for the management of Solea senegalensis stress and welfare.SIPublicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Do Elderly Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction Benefit from Pharmacological Strategies for Prevention of Arrhythmic Events?

Background Heart failure constitutes one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western countries, in which it is also the leading cause of hospitalization in elderly patients. The pharmacological therapy of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has greatly improved during the last years. Summary The quadruple therapy (sacubitril/valsartan, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors) is nowadays the cornerstone of medical treatment since it associates lower risk of heart failure hospitalizations and mortality (also of arrhythmic origin). Cardiac arrhythmias, including sudden cardiac death, are common in patients with HFrEF, entailing worse prognosis. Previous studies addressing the role of blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and beta-adrenergic receptors in HFrEF have suggested different beneficial effects on arrhythmia mechanisms. Therefore, the lower mortality associated with the use of the four pillars of HFrEF therapy depends, in part, on lower sudden (mostly arrhythmic) cardiac death. Key Messages In this review, we highlight and assess the role of the four pharmacological groups that constitute the central axis of the medical treatment of patients with HFrEF in clinical prognosis and prevention of arrhythmic events, with special focus on the elderly patient, since evidence supports most benefits provided are irrespective of age, but elderly HF patients receive less frequently guideline recommended medical treatment.12 página