CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO DE Bipolaris oryzae EM ARROZ VERMELHO

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered one of the most important crops in the world, contributing significantly to human consumption. One of the factors that contribute to reduce the production of this crop is the occurrence of diseases, which can cause severe damages. In this context, the causal agent of the brown spot, the fungus Bipolaris oryzae, can be highlighted, which can cause losses of up to 80% in the planting areas. In view of the above, the objective was to determine the effect of Trichoderma spp. in the control of B. oryzae in red rice seeds. The isolates of Trichoderma spp. used in the experiment were obtained from isolation of seeds of cultivated plants and derived from commercial product. The inoculum was obtained from infected seeds. A direct comparison of antagonist versus pathogen was performed, including cultures matching, volatile metabolites, sporulation and myoparasitism, as well as physiological quality. According to the in vitro test, the isolates of Trichoderma spp. were used to evaluate their effectiveness in the control of brown spot in greenhouse using seed treatment methods and foliar spraying, analyzing the incidence, reduction, severity and severity index of the disease. Transmissibility test was also carried out via seed-plant. The results showed that the isolates of Trichoderma spp. were efficient in inhibiting mycelial growth of the pathogen in vitro, producing volatile metabolites and inhibiting sporulation. Microscopic observations showed evidence of mycoparasite behavior of Trichoderma spp. about B. oryzae. A high transmission rate of B. oryzae via seed-plant was observed. In greenhouse tests, the isolates of Trichoderma spp., Significantly controlled the incidence, reduction, severity and severity index of the disease. Trichoderma spp. tested on the B. oryzae biocontrol in red rice seeds were efficient and can be used to manage the disease.O arroz (Oryza sativa L.) é considerado uma das culturas mais importantes do mundo, contribuindo de forma significativa na alimentação humana. Um dos fatores que contribuem para redução da produção dessa cultura é a ocorrência de doenças, que podem provocar prejuízos severos. Nesse contexto, destaca-se o agente causal da mancha-parda, o fungo Bipolaris oryzae, que pode ocasionar perdas de até 80% nas áreas de plantio. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se determinar o efeito de Trichoderma spp. no controle de B. oryzae em sementes de arroz vermelho. Os isolados de Trichoderma spp. utilizados no experimento foram obtidos a partir de isolamento em sementes de plantas cultivadas e derivado de produto comercial. O inóculo foi obtido de sementes infectadas. Foi realizado o confronto direto de antagonista versus patógeno incluindo pareamento de culturas, metabólitos voláteis, esporulação e micoparasitismo, além da qualidade fisiológica. De acordo com o teste in vitro, os isolados de Trichoderma spp. foram utilizados para avaliar sua eficácia no controle de mancha parda em casa de vegetação utilizando métodos de tratamento de sementes e pulverização foliar, analisando a incidência, redução, severidade e índice de severidade da doença. Também foi realizado teste de transmissibilidade via semente-planta. Os resultados mostraram que os isolados de Trichoderma spp. foram eficientes em inibir o crescimento de micélio do patógeno in vitro, produzindo metabólitos voláteis e inibindo a esporulação. Observações microscópicas mostraram a evidências de comportamento micoparasita dos isolados de Trichoderma spp. sobre B. oryzae. Foi verificado alto índice de transmissão de B. oryzae via semente-planta. Em relação aos testes em casa de vegetação, os isolados de Trichoderma spp., controlaram significativamente a incidência, redução, severidade e índice de severidade da doença. Os Trichoderma spp. testados no biocontrole de B. oryzae em sementes de arroz vermelho foram eficientes e podem ser utilizados no manejo da doença

Micronutrient nutrition in sugarcane: a brief review

Sugarcane has economic value worldwide, being used in the production of sugar, electricity and alcohol. Therefore, the objective was to demonstrate the research carried out in recent years on the main micronutrients and their respective effects on the development and yield of sugarcane. Micronutrient deficiency is one of the factors that limit the productivity of this crop in producing regions, and this deficit is related to several aspects, such as the use of fertilizers with low levels of micronutrients, increased agricultural productivity, decreased levels of organic matter in the soil. Thus, it is noteworthy that the proper management can circumvent the limiting factors, since the application of boron via the leaves results in a greater ton of stalks, and in relation to zinc, applied via the soil, it is also beneficial to the production of stalks. Molybdenum increases biological nitrogen fixation in sugarcane and contributes to the accumulation of N in the plant. Iron and manganese are both involved in the chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation of sugarcane. The study exposes the contributions of fertilization with microelements for the development of the sugarcane sector. From this perspective, more research is needed on the fertilization of micronutrients to boost sugarcane productivity under different edaphoclimatic conditions.Sugarcane is a crop of worldwide economic value used in sugar, electricity, and alcohol production. This review demonstrates the importance of the main micronutrients and their respective effects on the development and yield of sugarcane. Micronutrient deficiency is one of the limiting factors in sugarcane productivity in producing regions. This deficit is related to several aspects, such as fertilizer use with low micronutrient levels, increased agricultural productivity, and decreased productivity levels of soil organic matter. Thus, proper fertilization management can circumvent the limiting factors such as the foliar application of boron and soil fertilization of zinc, both resulting in greater stem production. Molybdenum increases biological nitrogen fixation in sugarcane and contributes to the accumulation of N in the plant. Iron and manganese are involved in chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation in sugarcane. In this review, we show the contributions of fertilization with microelements to the development of the sugarcane sector. In this perspective, more research is needed on micronutrient fertilization to increase sugarcane productivity in different soil and climate conditions

Yield performance of okra under potassium fertilization and number of plants per hole

The okra is a vegetable that responds to mineral nutrition and the plant population, with increased production. The work was carried out at the Federal University of Paraíba, in Areia-PB, with the objective of evaluating the influence of K2O doses and number of plants per pit on the yield and quality of okra, cultivating Santa Cruz, in an experimental block design randomized, with treatments distributed in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with six K2O doses (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1), and one and two plants per pit, in four replications. The values ​​for the average mass of fruits, 16 and 18 g were reached as a function of K2O doses, with one and two plants per pit, respectively. The highest numbers of fruits per plant in okra were 45 and 56, at doses of 123.7 and 184 kg ha-1 of K2O, respectively for one and two plants per pit, and the highest fruit production per plant was 584.2 g, with two plants per pit and 250 kg ha-1 of K2O. The total fruit yield was 42.13 t ha-1, in the treatment with two plants per pit and 100 kg ha-1 of K2O, and the doses of 122.5 and 115 kg ha-1 of K2O were responsible for the higher productivity of commercial fruits in okra, 25.6 and 29.2 t ha-1, respectively, with one and two plants per pit, and the leaf K content was influenced only by K2O doses. Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus; mineral fertilizers; plant densit

Incidência de fungos fitopatogênicos em frutos e hortaliças comercializadas em Areia-Paraíba / Incidence of phytopathogenic fungi in fruits and vegetables marketed in Areia-Paraíba

O setor hortifruti apresenta grande relevância na economia brasileira, contribuindo consideravelmente com a sustentabilidade e o desenvolvimento local. Muitos são os danos nesses produtos agrícolas durante as etapas de armazenamento e comercialização, sendo fungos os principais agentes responsáveis, acarretando perdas significativas. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar os principais fungos pós-colheita associados a frutas e hortaliças comercializados no município de Areia, Paraíba. Foram realizadas 12 coletas de frutas em feiras livre e hortaliças em feiras livre e orgânica no município de Areia – PB com sintomas típicos de doenças. As coletas foram realizadas em intervalos semanais, durante 90 dias. A identificação foi realizada com base nas características morfológicas das colônias fúngicas e observação em microscopia estereoscópica. Observou-se maior incidência de gêneros fúngicos para os frutos in natura do que para as hortaliças. Os gêneros identificados nas frutas foram Colletotrichum sp., Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp.,  Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Monilia sp., Alternaria sp., Curvularia sp., Trichoderma sp., Rhizoctonia sp. e Nigrospora sp. e nas hortaliças Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Trichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp. e Alternaria sp.. Houve uma maior porcentagem de amostras infectadas em hortaliças comercializadas em feira livre do que em feira orgânica. Tais resultados indicam uma elevada incidência de fungos fitopatogênicos em produtos comercializados no município de Areia-PB, sugerindo a necessidade do emprego de medidas de controle mais efetivas durante as fases de produção e pós-colheita, visando o aumento da vida útil de frutas e hortaliças comercializadas.

GROWTH AND QUALITY OF ‘PÉROLA’ PINEAPPLE AS A FUNCTION OF LEVELS OF GIBBERELLIC ACID

Gibberellin is a plant hormone capable of enhancing the productivity of plant’s productivity rants, due to its action in plant physiology, mainly in fruit formation. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate gibberellic acid levels and application times on the growth and quality of ‘Pérola’ pineapple. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the municipality of Pedras de Fogo, state of Paraíba, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five levels of gibberellic acid (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 mg/plant), distributed in a randomized block experimental design, with four repetitions, in which three applications were made at 50, 80, and 110 days after flower induction. The soluble solids content, fruit height, fruit diameter, and weight were evaluated. The period of application and the levels of gibberellic acid altered the responses for the variables analyzed. The level of 7.5 mg/plant of gibberellic acid promoted an increase in the weight and diameter of the fruit. The application at 110 days after floral induction induced an increase in fruit weight and a greater concentration of sugar in the fruit. Further studies on the application of gibberellic acid and periods of application in different soil and climatic conditions should be carried out to determine more consistent results with this crop.Gibberellin is a plant hormone capable of enhancing the productivity of plant’s productivity rants, due to its action in plant physiology, mainly in fruit formation. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate gibberellic acid levels and application times on the growth and quality of ‘Pérola’ pineapple. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the municipality of Pedras de Fogo, state of Paraíba, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five levels of gibberellic acid (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 mg/plant), distributed in a randomized block experimental design, with four repetitions, in which three applications were made at 50, 80, and 110 days after flower induction. The soluble solids content, fruit height, fruit diameter, and weight were evaluated. The period of application and the levels of gibberellic acid altered the responses for the variables analyzed. The level of 7.5 mg/plant of gibberellic acid promoted an increase in the weight and diameter of the fruit. The application at 110 days after floral induction induced an increase in fruit weight and a greater concentration of sugar in the fruit. Further studies on the application of gibberellic acid and periods of application in different soil and climatic conditions should be carried out to determine more consistent results with this crop

II Diretriz Brasileira de Transplante Cardíaco

Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das ClínicasIIHospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart GomesUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaInstituto Dante Pazzanese de CardiologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio PretoPontifícia Universidade Católica do ParanáIHospital Israelita Albert EinsteinInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Fundação Universitária do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de CardiologiaReal e Benemérita Sociedade de Beneficência Portuguesa, São PauloHospital Pró-Cardíaco do Rio de JaneiroSanta Casa do Rio de JaneiroUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Recuperação microbiana avançada de petróleo (MEOR) por Pseudomonas sp. sob condições laboratoriais

The purpose of this work was to propose sustainable solutions for advanced oil recovery by evaluating the ability of the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. in the biotransformation of alkanes, in addition to determining strain growth patterns under extreme conditions. For this, the work was initially carried out under laboratory conditions, in which the crude oil was fractionated to obtain the saturated fraction used in the experiment. The bacterial tolerance to salinity and temperature was also tested to determine the experimental conditions and set up the experiment in regard to these parameters. Additionally, an experiment was performed to produce a biosurfactant through biostimulation. The biotransformation experiment consisted of a triplicate with treatment and a control. For treatments, Erlenmeyers flasks received 100 mL of broth containing the biosurfactant, 10 g (10%) of NaCl, 3% of the strain and 1% of the saturated fraction. Erlenmeyer flasks were incubated at 40 °C and 180 rpm for 18 days with periodic analysis. The results initially showed the bacteria exhibited better tolerance at a temperature of 40 °C, and there was no significant change for the different salinities, which was a nonlimiting parameter. For the final experiment, the bacterial growth analysed by Optical Density (OD). exhibited a low variation, in which the lowest point was in T18 with an absorbance of 0.115 and the highest point was in T6 with an absorbance of 0.149. In the qPCR analysis of the bacterial population, the pattern found was similar to the optical density results, with low variation; the lowest number of copies of the 16S rRNA gene (6.66x 103) was found in T0 and the highest number was found in T12 (7.86x 103). For biotransformation analysis, time 6 was observed to have the highest rate, with 54% oil recovery (C30), followed by 52% (C31) and 51% (C29).A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade da bactéria Pseudomonas sp. na biotransformação de alcanos a fim de propor soluções sustentáveis que possam ser aplicadas na recuperação avançada de petróleo, além de determinar padrões de crescimento da cepa em condições extremas. Para isso o trabalho foi realizado em condições laboratoriais, inicialmente, com o fracionamento do petróleo bruto para obtenção da fração de saturados, utilizada no experimento. Foi também realizado teste de tolerância das bactérias a salinidade e a temperatura, para determinar as condições de montagem do experimento em relação a estes parâmetros. Adicionalmente, foi montado um experimento para produzir biossurfactante, através de bioestimulação. O experimento de biotransformação foi composto por uma triplicata com tratamento e um controle. Para tratamentos, os frascos erlenmeyrs receberam 100 mL de caldo contendo o biossurfactante, 10 g(10%) de NaCl, 3% da cepa e 1% da fração de saturados. Os frascos erlenmeyrs foram incubados a 40 °C e 180 rpm por 18 dias com análises periódicas. Como resultados foram observados inicialmente a tolerância das bactérias que tiveram melhor desempenho para a temperatura de 40° C e não houve alteração significativa para as diferentes salinidades, sendo um parâmetro não limitante. Para o experimento final o crescimento bacteriano analisado por O.D. teve uma baixa variação com menor ponto no T18 apresentando absorbância de 0,115 e o maior ponto no T6 com absorbância 0,149. Para a análise da população bacteriana através de qPCR o padrão encontrado se mostra similar aos resultados de densidade óptica, com baixa variação sendo encontrado o menor número de cópias do gene 16S rRNA 6,66x 103 no T0 e maior número foi no T12 com número de cópias 7,86x 103. Para análise da biotransformação o tempo 6 foi observado com maior taxa sendo de 54% de recuperação do óleo (C30), seguida de 52% (C31) e 51% (C29)

Rendimento de abobrinha em resposta à adubação com diferentes doses e fontes de potássio

Potassium (K) is essential nutrient to the physiological and biochemical activities of plants, acting in the cation-anion balance, water movement, osmoregulation, and transference of energy. This study aimed to evaluate the yield response of the zucchini squash cultivar 'Caserta' to different doses and sources of potassium. The experiment was carried out under field conditions in a complete randomized block experimental design in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with six K2O doses (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg ha-1) and two sources (chloride and potassium sulfate), with four replications. The fruit mass, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, total and marketable fruit yields were evaluated. The results showed that the sulfate and potassium chloride sources promoted the maximum length and number of fruits per plant. K2O fertilization in the form of potassium sulfate promoted higher mass and total fruit yield. The doses of 108.41 and 130.78 kg ha-1 of K2O in the chloride and potassium sulfate sources provided the maximum marketable yield of fruits, with 22.84 and 27.0 t ha-1, respectively. Regardless of the source, potassium fertilization must be provided to increase the production parameters of the zucchini squash 'Caserta' cultivar

GROWTH AND QUALITY OF ‘PÉROLA’ PINEAPPLE AS A FUNCTION OF LEVELS OF GIBBERELLIC ACID

Gibberellin is a plant hormone capable of enhancing the productivity of plant’s productivity rants, due to its action in plant physiology, mainly in fruit formation. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate gibberellic acid levels and application times on the growth and quality of ‘Pérola’ pineapple. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the municipality of Pedras de Fogo, state of Paraíba, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five levels of gibberellic acid (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 mg/plant), distributed in a randomized block experimental design, with four repetitions, in which three applications were made at 50, 80, and 110 days after flower induction. The soluble solids content, fruit height, fruit diameter, and weight were evaluated. The period of application and the levels of gibberellic acid altered the responses for the variables analyzed. The level of 7.5 mg/plant of gibberellic acid promoted an increase in the weight and diameter of the fruit. The application at 110 days after floral induction induced an increase in fruit weight and a greater concentration of sugar in the fruit. Further studies on the application of gibberellic acid and periods of application in different soil and climatic conditions should be carried out to determine more consistent results with this crop.Gibberellin is a plant hormone capable of enhancing the productivity of plant’s productivity rants, due to its action in plant physiology, mainly in fruit formation. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate gibberellic acid levels and application times on the growth and quality of ‘Pérola’ pineapple. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the municipality of Pedras de Fogo, state of Paraíba, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five levels of gibberellic acid (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 mg/plant), distributed in a randomized block experimental design, with four repetitions, in which three applications were made at 50, 80, and 110 days after flower induction. The soluble solids content, fruit height, fruit diameter, and weight were evaluated. The period of application and the levels of gibberellic acid altered the responses for the variables analyzed. The level of 7.5 mg/plant of gibberellic acid promoted an increase in the weight and diameter of the fruit. The application at 110 days after floral induction induced an increase in fruit weight and a greater concentration of sugar in the fruit. Further studies on the application of gibberellic acid and periods of application in different soil and climatic conditions should be carried out to determine more consistent results with this crop

PRINCIPAIS ESTRATÉGIAS PARA CONTROLE E PREVENÇÃO DA HANSENÍASE

<p>A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa, exposta como um grave problema de saúde pública devido aos seus altos casos e ao potencial incapacitante. À vista disso, torna-se necessário o conhecimento acerca das estratégias preventivas e controladoras de tal patologia, almejando a redução dos casos. Assim, o estudo objetiva elencar as principais estratégias controladoras e preventivas da hanseníase. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, descritiva, quantitativa e qualitativa. Foi realizada em setembro e outubro de 2023, nas bases: LILACS e MEDLINE, a partir da BVS, além de contar com busca complementar de artigos dispostos no Google Scholar. Utilizaram-se os DeCS combinados pelo operador booleano "AND": "Estratégias de Saúde" AND "Hanseníase" AND "Prevenção de Doenças". Foram incluídos no estudo os artigos disponíveis gratuitamente em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados entre 2018 a 2023 e excluídos os estudos duplicados nas bases e que não respondessem a pergunta de pesquisa. Na amostra inicial, obtiveram 69 artigos os quais após serem submetidos à pré-análise e leitura complementar, restaram apenas 9 para amostra final. Os estudos evidenciaram como sendo as principais estratégias preventivas e controladoras da hanseníase: facilidade ao acesso dos serviços, fortalecimento funcional dos agentes comunitários, capacitação profissional, definição de atribuições profissionais, uso de instrumentos específicos na assistência e ações de educação em saúde no âmbito pré e intra-hospitalar. Além disso, foi observado que a atenção primária é o melhor cenário para aplicar as intervenções, porém, as medidas não devem se limitar somente à este ambiente. As pesquisas também constataram que existem alguns fatores os quais implicam na realização das estratégias. Logo, há a necessidade de novas intervenções clínicas e preventivas para busca ativa de novos casos e erradicação da doença, como inéditos estudos científicos e capacitação dos profissionais de saúde. Assim, aspirando a interrupção da transmissão e eliminação do agente causador da hanseníase. </p&gt