The ArrayExpress Archive of Functional Genomics Data

doi:10.1093/nar/gkq1040 ArrayExpress update—an archive of microarray and high-throughput sequencing-based functional genomics experiment

ArrayExpress update--from an archive of functional genomics experiments to the atlas of gene expression

ArrayExpress http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress consists of three components: the ArrayExpress Repository--a public archive of functional genomics experiments and supporting data, the ArrayExpress Warehouse--a database of gene expression profiles and other bio-measurements and the ArrayExpress Atlas--a new summary database and meta-analytical tool of ranked gene expression across multiple experiments and different biological conditions. The Repository contains data from over 6000 experiments comprising approximately 200,000 assays, and the database doubles in size every 15 months. The majority of the data are array based, but other data types are included, most recently-ultra high-throughput sequencing transcriptomics and epigenetic data. The Warehouse and Atlas allow users to query for differentially expressed genes by gene names and properties, experimental conditions and sample properties, or a combination of both. In this update, we describe the ArrayExpress developments over the last two years.</p

Spatial transcriptional response of plants induced by compatible pathogens and its potential use in biosensor plants

Crop plants are challenged by several abiotic and biotic stresses. The biotic stresses may be caused by, among others, microorganisms such as fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and viruses. Therefore, plant agriculture relies on managements strategies like, for instance, applying pesticides, planting resistant cultivars, bio control, and ancillary measures such as crop rotation. Pesticides can be applied prior to pathogen infection (i.e. protective) or post pathogen infection (i.e. curative), yet the latter relies on the timely detection of symptoms, which is often not feasible. In order to increase the visibility of symptoms of diseased crops and to engineer ‘pseudo symptoms’, it is crucial to gain a detailed understanding of the temporal and spatial reactions of the host plant to infections. This chapter summarizes research on the spatial gene expression as a response to pathogen attack in compatible plants. In several cases an early (<24h post inoculation) differential gene expression was measured in non-inoculated tissues of partially inoculated plants. The intensity of regulation was reported lower in systemic tissue than in local tissue. Systemically induced genes could be useful for engineering biosensor plants which indicate infection early enough for curative and site-specific pesticide treatments

Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines on the prevalence of hypertension among Indian adults: Results from a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundThe impact of the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for diagnosis and management of hypertension on the prevalence of hypertension in India is unknown.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Cardiac Prevent 2015 survey to estimate the change in the prevalence of hypertension. The JNC8 guidelines defined hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140&nbsp;​mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90&nbsp;​mmHg. The 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines define hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of ≥130&nbsp;​mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥80&nbsp;​mmHg. We standardized the prevalence as per the 2011 census population of India. We also calculated the prevalence as per the World Health Organization (WHO) World Standard Population (2000-2025).ResultsAmong 180,335 participants (33.2% women), the mean age was 40.6&nbsp;​±&nbsp;​14.9 years (41.1&nbsp;​±&nbsp;​15.0 and 39.7&nbsp;​±&nbsp;​14.7 years in men and women, respectively). Among them, 8,898 (4.9%), 99,791 (55.3%), 35,694 (11.9%), 23,084 (12.8%), 9,989 (5.5%) and 2,878 (1.6%) participants belonged to age group 18-19, 20-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 and&nbsp;​≥&nbsp;​75 years respectively. The prevalence of hypertension according to the JNC8 and 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines was 29.7% and 63.8%, respectively- an increase of 115%. With the 2011 census population of India, this suggests that currently, 486 million Indian adults have hypertension according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, an addition of 260 million as compared to the JNC8 guidelines.ConclusionAccording to the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, 3 in every 5 Indian adults have hypertension