As artes visuais na educação pré-escolar

O presente relatório, intitulado “As Artes Visuais na Educação Pré-Escolar”, foi desenvolvido no âmbito da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (PES) do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar, considerando como seu principal objetivo conhecer as práticas educativas de uma instituição, educadoras cooperantes e futuras educadoras, no âmbito da área das artes visuais. Com o desenrolar da investigação deste relatório de investigação, pretendeu-se aprofundar os conhecimentos acerca da área das artes visuais presentes na educação de infância, os seus contributos no desenvolvimento das crianças até aos seis anos de idade, provar que é possível trabalhar outras áreas de conteúdo partindo das artes visuais, bem como, os benefícios que surgem para as crianças no que diz respeito às artes visuais como prática educativa de uma instituição. Assim, tendo em conta o objetivo da investigação, recorreu-se à metodologia de análise qualitativa, mais propriamente do Projeto Educativo da instituição, e à realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas a quatro futuras educadoras, as quais frequentaram a mesma instituição, durante o mesmo ano letivo, na Prática de Ensino Supervisionada. Todos os dados resultantes foram sujeitos a uma análise e interpretação dos mesmos. Para concluir, através da análise e interpretação dos dados recolhidos, este estudo mostrou que a instituição em causa e as educadoras cooperantes mostram afinidade total com as práticas educativas assentes na área das artes visuais. Também as futuras educadoras entrevistadas aplicaram e demostraram saber a sua importância para o contributo no desenvolvimento de aprendizagens das crianças, as quais surgem através da área das artes visuais para as outras áreas de conteúdo

As Artes Visuais na educação pré-escolar: O que pensam as futuras educadoras?

Com este trabalho pretendeu-se conhecer o que as futuras educadoras em Educação Pré-Escolar pensam sobre a integração das artes visuais nas atividades educativas com crianças.N/

Can an egalitarian reform in the parental leave system reduce the motherhood labor penalty? Some evidence from Spain

The article analyzes how an egalitarian reform in the parental leave system may reduce the motherhood penalty. We used a sample of heterosexual dual-earner couples, with children between 3-8 years old, residing in Madrid and its metropolitan area. We show, first, that the introduction of a 13-day paternity leave increased significantly the average number of days that employed fathers were off work after the birth or adoption of a child. Second, we found some empirical evidence that fathers who took longer leaves tended to be subsequently more involved in the care of their children. And third, we obtained some evidence in favor of the hypotheses that when the father is actively involved in the care of his child the mother tends to experience less work penalty. We also considered the effect of other variables such as having egalitarian gender attitudes, working in a family-friendly company, earnings and the working week

Pain chronification : what should a non-pain medicine specialist know?

Objective: Pain is one of the most common reasons for an individual to consult their primary care physician, with most chronic pain being treated in the primary care setting. However, many primary care physicians/non-pain medicine specialists lack enough awareness, education and skills to manage pain patients appropriately, and there is currently no clear, common consensus/formal definition of pain chronification. Methods: This article, based on an international Change Pain Chronic Advisory Board meeting which was held in Wiesbaden, Germany, in October 2016, provides primary care physicians/non-pain medicine specialists with a narrative overview of pain chronification, including underlying physiological and psychosocial processes, predictive factors for pain chronification, a brief summary of preventive strategies, and the role of primary care physicians and non-pain medicine specialists in the holistic management of pain chronification. Results: Based on currently available evidence, we propose the following consensus-based definition of pain chronification which provides a common framework to raise awareness among non-pain medicine specialists: Pain chronification describes the process of transient pain progressing into persistent pain; pain processing changes as a result of an imbalance between pain amplification and pain inhibition; genetic, environmental and biopsychosocial factors determine the risk, the degree, and time-course of chronification. Conclusions: Early intervention plays an important role in preventing pain chronification and, as key influencers in the management of patients with acute pain, it is critical that primary care physicians are equipped with the necessary awareness, education and skills to manage pain patients appropriately.Peer reviewe

Assessment of dead-end ultrafiltration for the detection and quantification of microbial indicators and pathogens in the drinking water treatment processes

A safe water supply requires distinct treatments and monitoring to guarantee the absence of pathogens and substances potentially hazardous for human health. In this study we assessed the efficiency of the dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF) method to concentrate faecal indicator organisms (FIO) and pathogens in water samples with different physicochemical characteristics. Water samples were collected at the treatment stages of two drinking water treatment plants to analyse the concentration of a variety of 7 FIO and 4 reference microbes which have some species that are pathogenic to humans: Campylobacter spp., enteroviruses, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. The samples were analysed before and after concentration by DEUF, detecting FIO concentrations about 1 log10 higher in non-concentrated samples from both catchments. Percent recoveries were highly variable with a mean of 43.8 ± 17.5%, depending on the FIO and inherent sample characteristics. However, DEUF enabled FIO concentration in high volumes of water (100-500 l), allowing a reduction in the detection limit compared to the non-concentrated samples due to the high volume processing capabilities of the method. As a consequence, the detection of FIO removal from water in the drinking water treatment process was 1.0-1.5 logarithms greater in DEUF-treated water compared to unfiltered samples. The DEUF method improved the detection of target indicators and allowed for the detection of pathogens in low concentrations in water after the treatment stages, confirming the suitability of DEUF to concentrate high volumes of different types of water. This method could be useful for microbial analysis in water treatment monitoring and risk assessment, allowing the identification of critical points during the water treatment process and potential hazards in water destined for several uses

Los alumnos de nuevo ingreso de origen asiático en la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología de la UCM

Depto. de Ciencia Política y de la AdministraciónFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaFALSEUCMsubmitte

Ensino Superior depois dos 23 anos: capacitação pessoal, social e profissional

 O estudo que se apresenta realizou-se numa instituição pública portuguesa de Ensino Superior, o XXXX Visa perceber que mudanças ocorreram na vida pessoal, social e profissional dos estudantes que ingressaram nessa instituição, a partir da prova de acesso para maiores de 23 anos, e entender a importância da formação superior para adultos. Para o estudo, de abordagem mista, efetuou-se um inquérito por questionário a 180 diplomados. Os dados mostram a relevância da formação de adultos enquanto razão válida para uma maior realização pessoal e aquisição ou atualização de conhecimentos, ainda que não contribua muito para a mudança de profissão ou progressão da carreira. Os inquiridos também deixam claro que os motivos financeiros são um entrave significativo ao prosseguimento dos estudos.

Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Drugs in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies has become the standard treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration; however, the knowledge of their pharmacokinetics is limited. A comprehensive review of the preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic data that were obtained in different studies with intravitreal bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept has been conducted. Moreover, the factors that can influence the vitreous pharmacokinetics of these drugs, as well as the methods that were used in the studies for analytical determination, have been exposed. These anti-VEGF drugs present different charge and molecular weights, which play an important role in vitreous distribution and elimination. The pharmacokinetic parameters that were collected differ depending on the species that were involved in the studies and on physiological and pathological conditions, such as vitrectomy and lensectomy. Knowledge of the intravitreal pharmacokinetics of the anti-VEGF drugs that were used in clinical practice is of vital importance.This work was partially supported by the ISCIII (PI17/00940, RETICS Oftared, RD16/0008/0003 and RD12/0034/0017) cofunded by FEDER and by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018-099597-B-100)S

Learning and Memory Impairments in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy are Associated with Structural and Functional Connectivity Alterations in Hippocampus

Patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) show mild cognitive impairment associated with alterations in attentional and executive networks. There are no studies evaluating the relationship between memory in MHE and structural and functional connectivity (FC) changes in the hippocampal system. This study aimed to evaluate verbal learning and long-term memory in cirrhotic patients with (C-MHE) and without MHE (C-NMHE) and healthy controls. We assessed the relationship between alterations in memory and the structural integrity and FC of the hippocampal system. C-MHE patients showed impairments in learning, long-term memory, and recognition, compared to C-NMHE patients and controls. Cirrhotic patients showed reduced fimbria volume compared to controls. Larger volumes in hippocampus subfields were related to better memory performance in C-NMHE patients and controls. C-MHE patients presented lower FC between the L-presubiculum and L-precuneus than C-NMHE patients. Compared to controls, C-MHE patients had reduced FC between L-presubiculum and subiculum seeds and bilateral precuneus, which correlated with cognitive impairment and memory performance. Alterations in the FC of the hippocampal system could contribute to learning and long-term memory impairments in C-MHE patients. This study demonstrates the association between alterations in learning and long-term memory and structural and FC disturbances in hippocampal structures in cirrhotic patients