Crystal Structure Investigations of Amide Sulfate Tetrahydrates with Divalent Cations

Single crystals of three amide sulfate tetrahydrate compounds, Ca(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O, Mn(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O and Ni(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O, were synthesized by controlled evaporation of aqueous Solutions. The crystal structures were investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Ca(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O: space group C2/c, Z = 4, a = 11.616(3) Å, b = 7.761(2) Å, c = 11.638(3) Å, β = 98.93(1)°, V = 1036.47 Å3, R1 = 0.026; Mn(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O: space group P21/c, Z = 2, a = 6.143(2) Å, b = 5.324(2) Å, c = 15.441(5) Å, β = 91.72(1)°, V= 504.78 Å3, R1 = 0.024; Ni(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O: space group P1̅, Z= 1, a = 6.331(8) Å, b = 6.731(9) Å, c = 6.784(8) Å, α = 88.93(9)°, β = 67.87(5)°, γ = 67.76(6)°, V = 245.27 Å3, R1 = 0.030. In Ca(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O antiprismatic CaO8 polyhedra share four oxygen atoms with NH2SO3 tetrahedra forming sheets parallel (001). In Mn(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O and Ni(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O, MnO6 octahedra and NiN2O4 octahedra, respectively, are linked by common corners with two NH2SO3 tetrahedra forming isolated groups. These units are interconnected by hydrogen bonds only to form three-dimensional framework structures. The amide sulfate group has a distorted tetrahedral configuration with mean S−O and S−N bond lengths of 1.449 and 1.654 Å, respectively. The average cat-ion-oxygen distances are 2.456 Å (Ca−O), 2.173 Å (Mn-O), and 2.049 Å (Ni−O), both Ni−N bond lengths are 2.153 Å. Three different types of hydrogen bonds are observed in the title compounds, namely O−H⋅⋅⋅O bonds ranging from 2.680 to 2.968 A, N−H⋅⋅⋅O bonds between 2.966 and 3.339 Å, and one O−H⋅⋅⋅N bond with 2.905 Å. Generally, observed interatomic bond lengths and angles comply well with crystal Chemical expectations

Crystal Structure Investigations of Amide Sulfate Tetrahydrates with Divalent Cations

Single crystals of three amide sulfate tetrahydrate compounds, Ca(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O, Mn(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O and Ni(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O, were synthesized by controlled evaporation of aqueous Solutions. The crystal structures were investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Ca(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O: space group C2/c, Z = 4, a = 11.616(3) Å, b = 7.761(2) Å, c = 11.638(3) Å, β = 98.93(1)°, V = 1036.47 Å3, R1 = 0.026; Mn(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O: space group P21/c, Z = 2, a = 6.143(2) Å, b = 5.324(2) Å, c = 15.441(5) Å, β = 91.72(1)°, V= 504.78 Å3, R1 = 0.024; Ni(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O: space group P1̅, Z= 1, a = 6.331(8) Å, b = 6.731(9) Å, c = 6.784(8) Å, α = 88.93(9)°, β = 67.87(5)°, γ = 67.76(6)°, V = 245.27 Å3, R1 = 0.030. In Ca(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O antiprismatic CaO8 polyhedra share four oxygen atoms with NH2SO3 tetrahedra forming sheets parallel (001). In Mn(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O and Ni(NH2SO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O, MnO6 octahedra and NiN2O4 octahedra, respectively, are linked by common corners with two NH2SO3 tetrahedra forming isolated groups. These units are interconnected by hydrogen bonds only to form three-dimensional framework structures. The amide sulfate group has a distorted tetrahedral configuration with mean S−O and S−N bond lengths of 1.449 and 1.654 Å, respectively. The average cat-ion-oxygen distances are 2.456 Å (Ca−O), 2.173 Å (Mn-O), and 2.049 Å (Ni−O), both Ni−N bond lengths are 2.153 Å. Three different types of hydrogen bonds are observed in the title compounds, namely O−H⋅⋅⋅O bonds ranging from 2.680 to 2.968 A, N−H⋅⋅⋅O bonds between 2.966 and 3.339 Å, and one O−H⋅⋅⋅N bond with 2.905 Å. Generally, observed interatomic bond lengths and angles comply well with crystal Chemical expectations

Results of the enhanced COVID-19 surveillance during UEFA EURO 2020 in Germany

In general, mass gatherings might pose a risk to the public health (PH). The UEFA EURO 2020 tournament (EURO 2020) was one of the first mass gathering events since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Germany. To allow early detection and response to any EURO 2020-associated impact on the COVID-19-related epidemiological situation, we initiated enhanced surveillance activities using the routine surveillance system in collaboration with the regional PH authority of Bavaria. Several preventive measures regarding the attendance of football matches and public viewing were implemented according to state regulations. We describe the results from the enhanced surveillance during the EURO 2020. In total, five cases who had attended a football match in the stadium of Munich, nine cases, who attended a football match in a stadium outside of Germany, and 123 cases in association with public viewing events were identified by enhanced surveillance. Concluding, the EURO 2020 seems to not have had a major impact on the COVID-19 pandemic development in Germany. Health measures for stadium visitors and the restriction of large public viewing events may have potentially contributed to the low case numbers detected, emphasising the need of appropriate PH surveillance and regulations to limit the potential risk to PH during mass gathering events.Peer Reviewe

CRALBP is a Highly Prevalent Autoantigen for Human Autoimmune Uveitis

Cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) is an autoantigen in spontaneous equine recurrent uveitis. In order to test whether CRALBP contributes to human autoimmune uveitis, the specificity of antibodies from human uveitis patient's sera was first evaluated in two-dimensional (2D) Western blot analysis. Subsequent identification of the immunoreactive proteins by mass spectrometry resulted in the identification of CRALBP as a putative autoantigen. Additionally, sera from human uveitis and control patients were by Western blot using purified human recombinant CRALBP. Anti-CRALBP autoantibodies occur more frequently (P<.01) in human uveitis patients than in normal controls. Thirty out of 56 tested uveitis patient's sera contained autoantibodies reactive against CRALBP, compared to only four out of 23 normal control subjects. The presence of CRALBP autoantibodies in 54% of tested uveitis patients supports CRALBP as a possible autoantigen in human autoimmune uveitis

Costs of Measuring Outcomes of Acute Hospital Care in a Longitudinal Outcomes Measurement System

It is widely acknowledged that the measurement of outcomes of care and the comparison of outcomes over time within health care providers and risk-adjusted comparisons among providers are important parts of improving quality and cost-effectiveness of care. However, few studies have assessed the costs of measuring outcomes of care. We sought to evaluate the personnel and financial resources spent for a prospective assessment of outcomes of acute hospital care by health professionals in internal medicine. The study included 15 primary care hospitals participating in a longitudinal outcomes measurement program and 2005 patients over an assessment period with an average duration of 6 months. Each hospital project manager participated in a previously-tested structured 30-minute telephone interview. Outcome measures include time spent by the individual job titles in implementing and running the outcomes measurement program. Job-title-specific times were used to calculate costs from the hospitals' perspective. One-time costs (C2132 + 1352) and administrative costs (95 97 per week) varied substantially. Costs per patient were fairly stable at around 20. We estimated that the total cost for each hospital to assess outcomes of care for accreditation (10 tracer diagnoses over 6 months) would be 9700 and that continuous monitoring of outcomes (5 tracer diagnoses) would cost 12,400 per year. This study suggests that outcomes of acute hospital care can be assessed with limited resources and that standardized training programs would reduce variability in overall costs. This study should help hospital decision makers to estimate the necessary funding for outcomes measurement initiatives

Nurses’ Contacts and Potential for Infectious Disease Transmission

These data can help predict staff availability and provide information for pandemic preparedness planning

Hip fractures and area level socioeconomic conditions: a population-based study

Icks A, Haastert B, Wildner M, et al. Hip fractures and area level socioeconomic conditions: a population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):114.Background: Only a limited number of studies have analyzed the association between hip fracture incidence and socioeconomic conditions. Most, but not all found an association, and results are in part conflicting. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between hip fractures and socioeconomic conditions in Germany, from 1995 to 2004, on a census tract area level. Methods: We used data from the national hospital discharge diagnosis register and data on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of 131 census tracts from official statistics. Associations between the hip fracture incidence and socioeconomic conditions were analyzed by multiple Poisson regression models, taking overdispersion into account. Results: The risk of hip fracture decreased by 4% with a 7% increase (about one interquartile range) of non-German nationals. It decreased by 10% with a 6% increased rate of unemployment, increased by 7% with a 2% increase of the proportion of welfare recipients, and also increased by 3% with an increase of the proportion of single parent families of 1.9%. Conclusion: Our results showed weak associations between indicators of socioeconomic conditions at area level and hip fracture risk; the varied by type of indicator. We conclude that hip fracture incidence might be influenced by the socioeconomic context of a region, but further analysis using more specific markers for deprivation on a smaller scale and individual-level data are needed

COVID-19-Impfung senkt das Risiko für Infektion, schwere Krankheitsverläufe und Tod

Im Mai 2021 kam es in einem Alten- und Pflegeheim in der Oberpfalz zu einem SARS-CoV-2-Aus-bruch mit einer hohen Anzahl von Impfdurchbrüchen, woraufhin serologische Untersuchungen und epidemiologische Daten der Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner und dem Pflegepersonal ausgewertet wurden. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, das Risiko von Hospitalisierung und Tod bei Geimpften im Vergleich zu Ungeimpften darzustellen.Peer Reviewe