3,702 research outputs found
Quantum Characterization of a Werner-like Mixture
We introduce a Werner-like mixture [R. F. Werner, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 40}, 4277
(1989)] by considering two correlated but different degrees of freedom, one
with discrete variables and the other with continuous variables. We evaluate
the mixedness of this state, and its degree of entanglement establishing its
usefulness for quantum information processing like quantum teleportation. Then,
we provide its tomographic characterization. Finally, we show how such a
mixture can be generated and measured in a trapped system like one electron in
a Penning trap.Comment: 8 pages ReVTeX, 8 eps figure
The Pauli Equation for Probability Distributions
The "marginal" distributions for measurable coordinate and spin projection is
introduced. Then, the analog of the Pauli equation for spin-1/2 particle is
obtained for such probability distributions instead of the usual wave
functions. That allows a classical-like approach to quantum mechanics. Some
illuminating examples are presented.Comment: 14 pages, ReVTe
A Study of the Antiferromagnetic Phase in the Hubbard Model by means of the Composite Operator Method
We have investigated the antiferromagnetic phase of the 2D, the 3D and the
extended Hubbard models on a bipartite cubic lattice by means of the Composite
Operator Method within a two-pole approximation. This approach yields a fully
self-consistent treatment of the antiferromagnetic state that respects the
symmetry properties of both the model and the algebra. The complete phase
diagram, as regards the antiferromagnetic and the paramagnetic phases, has been
drawn. We firstly reported, within a pole approximation, three kinds of
transitions at half-filling: Mott-Hubbard, Mott-Heisenberg and Heisenberg. We
have also found a metal-insulator transition, driven by doping, within the
antiferromagnetic phase. This latter is restricted to a very small region near
half filling and has, in contrast to what has been found by similar approaches,
a finite critical Coulomb interaction as lower bound at half filling. Finally,
it is worth noting that our antiferromagnetic gap has two independent
components: one due to the antiferromagnetic correlations and another coming
from the Mott-Hubbard mechanism.Comment: 20 pages, 37 figures, RevTeX, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Entrained Flow Gasification Part 1 : Gasification of Glycol in an Atmospheric-pressure Experimental Rig
Three coordinated papers are presented concerning entrained flow gasification of a liquid fuel under atmospheric conditions. The work is based on a detailed mapping of process parameters inside the entrained flow gasifier and at the gasifier outlet. In this paper the experimental setup and the experimental data are reported. Mono ethylene glycol (MEG) is used as a well-defined surrogate fuel for biogenic oils. The overall performance of the reactor is evaluated by measuring the gas-phase composition at the reactor outlet; radial profiles of gas-phase composition (CO₂, CO, H₂, CH₄, hydrocarbons) and temperature at 300 and 680 mm distances from the burner are measured to describe the mixing and reaction pattern in the gasifier. Global and local species balances are used to derive data that are not accessible by measurement. Characteristic parameters, i.e. stoichiometry, carbon conversion and water gas shift temperature, are derived to assess consistency of the measured data. Droplet size distribution and droplet velocity at the burner nozzle are reported based on atomization test rig experiments and direct measurements in the burner near field under gasification conditions. The experiments show a free jet with a strong outer recirculation zone as core gasification pattern. The measured species concentrations and temperatures provide an insight into both the mixing and the reactions in the burner near field. The water gas shift equilibrium is reached for a temperature of 1495 K upstream of the gasifier outlet. Hydrocarbons are not completely converted due to the low temperatures near the gasifier outlet. The research work has been conducted within the research cooperation of the Helmholtz Virtual Institute HVIGasTech
Growth and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes and asymptomatic celiac disease treated with a gluten -free diet for 1 year
To compare growth and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes and silent celiac disease treated with a gluten-free diet for 1 year with those of similar age and gender with type 1 diabetes but without celiac disease, 16 type 1 diabetes patients with silent celiac disease were enrolled and each celiac disease-positive case was matched for age, sex, and duration of diabetes with two type 1 diabetes controls with negative serologic markers of celiac disease. All 16 children with positive celiac disease serology had histologic features consistent with celiac disease despite the absence of symptoms. The mean growth and metabolic control values were similar between children with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease and those with type 1 diabetes but without celiac disease. This study seems to suggest that the early diagnosis of celiac disease and initiation of a gluten-free diet may prevent further deterioration in the nutritional status of children with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease and may reduce the prospect of celiac disease complications without any impact on type 1 diabetes control
Inferring statistics of planet populations by means of automated microlensing searches
(abridged) The study of other worlds is key to understanding our own, and not
only provides clues to the origin of our civilization, but also looks into its
future. Rather than in identifying nearby systems and learning about their
individual properties, the main value of the technique of gravitational
microlensing is in obtaining the statistics of planetary populations within the
Milky Way and beyond. Only the complementarity of different techniques
currently employed promises to yield a complete picture of planet formation
that has sufficient predictive power to let us understand how habitable worlds
like ours evolve, and how abundant such systems are in the Universe. A
cooperative three-step strategy of survey, follow-up, and anomaly monitoring of
microlensing targets, realized by means of an automated expert system and a
network of ground-based telescopes is ready right now to be used to obtain a
first census of cool planets with masses reaching even below that of Earth
orbiting K and M dwarfs in two distinct stellar populations, namely the
Galactic bulge and disk. The hunt for extra-solar planets acts as a principal
science driver for time-domain astronomy with robotic-telescope networks
adopting fully-automated strategies. Several initiatives, both into facilities
as well as into advanced software and strategies, are supposed to see the
capabilities of gravitational microlensing programmes step-wise increasing over
the next 10 years. New opportunities will show up with high-precision
astrometry becoming available and studying the abundance of planets around
stars in neighbouring galaxies becoming possible. Finally, we should not miss
out on sharing the vision with the general public, and make its realization to
profit not only the scientists but all the wider society.Comment: 10 pages in PDF format. White paper submitted to ESA's Exo-Planet
Roadmap Advisory Team (EPR-AT); typos corrected. The embedded figures are
available from the author on request. See also "Towards A Census of
Earth-mass Exo-planets with Gravitational Microlensing" by J.P. Beaulieu, E.
Kerins, S. Mao et al. (arXiv:0808.0005
Robust control of decoherence in realistic one-qubit quantum gates
We present an open loop (bang-bang) scheme to control decoherence in a
generic one-qubit quantum gate and implement it in a realistic simulation. The
system is consistently described within the spin-boson model, with interactions
accounting for both adiabatic and thermal decoherence. The external control is
included from the beginning in the Hamiltonian as an independent interaction
term. After tracing out the environment modes, reduced equations are obtained
for the two-level system in which the effects of both decoherence and external
control appear explicitly. The controls are determined exactly from the
condition to eliminate decoherence, i.e. to restore unitarity. Numerical
simulations show excellent performance and robustness of the proposed control
scheme.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, VIth International Conference on Quantum
Communication, Measurement and Computing (Boston, 2002
Floating stones off El Hierro, Canary Islands: xenoliths of pre-island sedimentary origin in the early products of the October 2011 eruption
The eruption that started off the south coast of El Hierro, Canary Islands, in October 2011 has emitted intriguing eruption products found floating in the sea. These specimens appeared as floating volcanic "bombs" that have in the meantime been termed "restingolites" (after the close-by village of La Restinga) and exhibit cores of white and porous pumice-like material. Currently the nature and origin of these "floating stones" is vigorously debated among researchers, with important implications for the interpretation of the hazard potential of the ongoing eruption. The "restingolites" have been proposed to be either (i) juvenile high-silica magma (e.g. rhyolite), (ii) remelted magmatic material (trachyte), (iii) altered volcanic rock, or (iv) reheated hyaloclastites or zeolite from the submarine slopes of El Hierro. Here, we provide evidence that supports yet a different conclusion. We have collected and analysed the structure and composition of samples and compared the results to previous work on similar rocks found in the archipelago. Based on their high silica content, the lack of igneous trace element signatures, and the presence of remnant quartz crystals, jasper fragments and carbonate relicts, we conclude that "restingolites" are in fact xenoliths from pre-island sedimentary rocks that were picked up and heated by the ascending magma causing them to partially melt and vesiculate. They hence represent messengers from depth that help us to understand the interaction between ascending magma and crustal lithologies in the Canary Islands as well as in similar Atlantic islands that rest on sediment/covered ocean crust (e.g. Cape Verdes, Azores). The occurrence of these "restingolites" does therefore not indicate the presence of an explosive high-silica magma that is involved in the ongoing eruption
Generalized Husimi Functions: Analyticity and Information Content
The analytic properties of a class of generalized Husimi functions are
discussed, with particular reference to the problem of state reconstruction.
The class consists of the subset of Wodkiewicz's operational probability
distributions for which the filter reference state is a squeezed vacuum state.
The fact that the function is analytic means that perfectly precise knowledge
of its values over any small region of phase space provides enough information
to reconstruct the density matrix. If, however, one only has imprecise
knowledge of its values, then the amplification of statistical errors which
occurs when one attempts to carry out the continuation seriously limits the
amount of information which can be extracted. To take account of this fact a
distinction is made between explicate, or experimentally accessible
information, and information which is only present in implicate, experimentally
inaccessible form. It is shown that an explicate description of various aspects
of the system can be found localised on various 2 real dimensional surfaces in
complexified phase space. In particular, the continuation of the function to
the purely imaginary part of complexified phase space provides an explicate
description of the Wigner function.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures, AMS-latex. Replaced with published versio
MuSR method and tomographic probability representation of spin states
Muon spin rotation/relaxation/resonance (MuSR) technique for studying matter
structures is considered by means of a recently introduced probability
representation of quantum spin states. A relation between experimental MuSR
histograms and muon spin tomograms is established. Time evolution of muonium,
anomalous muonium, and a muonium-like system is studied in the tomographic
representation. Entanglement phenomenon of a bipartite muon-electron system is
investigated via tomographic analogues of Bell number and positive partial
transpose (PPT) criterion. Reconstruction of the muon-electron spin state as
well as the total spin tomography of composed system is discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX, submitted to Journal of Russian Laser
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