23 research outputs found
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome: A community survey in an African population
Background : Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been reported to be
common in the West. Community surveys are lacking in the African
setting. We determined the prevalence of IBS in a rural community
setting in Nigeria. Method : Questionnaires were administered to
consenting individuals. Subjects satisfying the Rome II criteria for
IBS were invited for physical examination at a health center to
identify the presence of "alarm factors." Results : One hundred forty
(31.6%) of the 443 evaluated individuals fulfilled the Rome II criteria
for IBS, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.37:1 (P= .11). The prevalence
of IBS was highest (39.3%) in the third decade, followed by 25% in the
fourth decade (P= .009). Ninety-six (67%) IBS individuals had the
alternating pattern of diarrhea and constipation, whereas 28 (20%) and
19 (13%) had constipation and diarrhea subtypes, respectively.
Conclusion : IBS as diagnosed by the Rome II criteria has a high
prevalence in the African rural population, as obtained elsewhere.Contexte: Irritable Syndrome (IBS) a \ue9t\ue9 signal\ue9 \ue0
\ueatre commune \ue0 l\u2019Ouest. Enqu\ueates communautaires
font d\ue9faut dans le contexte africain. Nous avons
d\ue9termin\ue9 la pr\ue9valence de IBS dans un milieu rural.
communaut\ue9 d\ue9fi nition dans le Nig\ue9ria. M\ue9thode:
Questionnaires ont \ue9t\ue9 administr\ue9 aux personnes
consentantes. Sujets de satisfaction de la Rome II crit\ue8res
d\u2019IBS ont \ue9t\ue9 invit\ue9s pour l\u2019examen physique
dans un centre de sant\ue9 \ue0 identifi er la pr\ue9sence de
\u201c alarme les facteurs \u201d. R\ue9sultats: Un cent et
quarante (31,6 %) des individus \ue9valu\ue9es 443 rempli le Rome
Crit\ue8res II IBS avec un m\ue2le \ue0 ratio f\ue9minin de
1.37:1 (p = 0,11) .la pr\ue9valence IBS \ue9tait plus
\ue9lev\ue9 dans la troisi\ue8me d\ue9cennie (39.3 %), suivie
de 25 % dans le quatri\ue8me dix ans (p = 0.009). Quatre-vingt-seize
(67 %) IBS personnes avaient le mod\ue8le d\u2019alternance de la
diarrh\ue9e et constipation, alors que 28 (20 %) et 19 (13 %) avaient
constipation et la diarrh\ue9e subtypes respectivement. Conclusion:
IBS comme un diagnostic par les crit\ue8res de Rome II a une haute
pr\ue9valence dans la population rurale africaine comme obtenu
ailleurs
Data from an International Multi-Centre Study of Statistics and Mathematics Anxieties and Related Variables in University Students (the SMARVUS Dataset)
This large, international dataset contains survey responses from N = 12,570 students from 100 universities in 35 countries, collected in 21 languages. We measured anxieties (statistics, mathematics, test, trait, social interaction, performance, creativity, intolerance of uncertainty, and fear of negative evaluation), self-efficacy, persistence, and the cognitive reflection test, and collected demographics, previous mathematics grades, self-reported and official statistics grades, and statistics module details. Data reuse potential is broad, including testing links between anxieties and statistics/mathematics education factors, and examining instruments’ psychometric properties across different languages and contexts. Data and metadata are stored on the Open Science Framework website [https://osf.io/mhg94/]
Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015 : A modelling study
Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Elsevier LtdBackground The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of—and expansion on—the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64–103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1·0% (95% uncertainty interval 0·8–1·1) in 2015, corresponding to 71·1 million (62·5–79·4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Data from an International Multi-Centre Study of Statistics and Mathematics Anxieties and Related Variables in University Students (the SMARVUS Dataset)
This large, international dataset contains survey responses from N = 12,570 students from 100 universities in 35 countries, collected in 21 languages. We measured anxieties (statistics, mathematics, test, trait, social interaction, performance, creativity, intolerance of uncertainty, and fear of negative evaluation), self-efficacy, persistence, and the cognitive reflection test, and collected demographics, previous mathematics grades, self-reported and official statistics grades, and statistics module details. Data reuse potential is broad, including testing links between anxieties and statistics/mathematics education factors, and examining instruments’ psychometric properties across different languages and contexts. Data and metadata are stored on the Open Science Framework website (https://osf.io/mhg94/).</p>
Data from an International Multi-Centre Study of Statistics and Mathematics Anxieties and Related Variables in University Students (the SMARVUS Dataset)
This large, international dataset contains survey responses from N = 12,570 students from 100 universities in 35 countries, collected in 21 languages. We measured anxieties (statistics, mathematics, test, trait, social interaction, performance, creativity, intolerance of uncertainty, and fear of negative evaluation), self-efficacy, persistence, and the cognitive reflection test, and collected demographics, previous mathematics grades, self-reported and official statistics grades, and statistics module details. Data reuse potential is broad, including testing links between anxieties and statistics/mathematics education factors, and examining instruments’ psychometric properties across different languages and contexts
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome: A community survey in an African population
Background : Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been reported to be
common in the West. Community surveys are lacking in the African
setting. We determined the prevalence of IBS in a rural community
setting in Nigeria. Method : Questionnaires were administered to
consenting individuals. Subjects satisfying the Rome II criteria for
IBS were invited for physical examination at a health center to
identify the presence of "alarm factors." Results : One hundred forty
(31.6%) of the 443 evaluated individuals fulfilled the Rome II criteria
for IBS, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.37:1 (P= .11). The prevalence
of IBS was highest (39.3%) in the third decade, followed by 25% in the
fourth decade (P= .009). Ninety-six (67%) IBS individuals had the
alternating pattern of diarrhea and constipation, whereas 28 (20%) and
19 (13%) had constipation and diarrhea subtypes, respectively.
Conclusion : IBS as diagnosed by the Rome II criteria has a high
prevalence in the African rural population, as obtained elsewhere.Contexte: Irritable Syndrome (IBS) a été signalé à
être commune à l’Ouest. Enquêtes communautaires
font défaut dans le contexte africain. Nous avons
déterminé la prévalence de IBS dans un milieu rural.
communauté défi nition dans le Nigéria. Méthode:
Questionnaires ont été administré aux personnes
consentantes. Sujets de satisfaction de la Rome II critères
d’IBS ont été invités pour l’examen physique
dans un centre de santé à identifi er la présence de
“ alarme les facteurs ”. Résultats: Un cent et
quarante (31,6 %) des individus évaluées 443 rempli le Rome
Critères II IBS avec un mâle à ratio féminin de
1.37:1 (p = 0,11) .la prévalence IBS était plus
élevé dans la troisième décennie (39.3 %), suivie
de 25 % dans le quatrième dix ans (p = 0.009). Quatre-vingt-seize
(67 %) IBS personnes avaient le modèle d’alternance de la
diarrhée et constipation, alors que 28 (20 %) et 19 (13 %) avaient
constipation et la diarrhée subtypes respectivement. Conclusion:
IBS comme un diagnostic par les critères de Rome II a une haute
prévalence dans la population rurale africaine comme obtenu
ailleurs
A plausible causal link between antiretroviral therapy and increased blood pressure in a sub-Saharan African setting : a propensity score-matched analysis
There is a high probability that the epidemiological association between antiretroviral therapy and increased blood pressure be causal in nature among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan African settings. HIV-infected patients commencing antiretroviral treatment in these settings may require regular hypertension screening and other cardiovascular risk assessments