Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines by Ethyl Acetate Extract of Scrophularia striata

Purpose: To investigate the effect of ethyl acetate extract of S. striata on pro-inflammatory production by macrophages.Methods: Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured in solvent either alone or with 2 ìg/ml lipopolysaccaride (LPS) with/without different doses of ethyl acetate extract of S. striata. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1â (IL-1â), tumor necrosis factor - á (TNF-á) andprostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were examined using ELISA.Results: Ethyl acetate fraction of S. striata in doses of 10, 50, 100 and 200 ìg/ml significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1â, TNF-á, and PGE2) production by LPS stimulated peritoneal macrophages.Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract on pro-inflammatory cytokines may ameliorate inflammatory diseases, possibly via an immunomodulatory mechanism.Keywords: Pro-inflammatory, Cytokines, Ethyl acetate extract, Scrophularia striat

Natural carriers in bioremediation: a review

Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater or soil is currently the cheapest and the least harmful method of removing xenobiotics from the environment. Immobilization of microorganisms capable of degrading specific contaminants significantly promotes bioremediation processes, reduces their costs, and also allows for the multiple use of biocatalysts. Among the developed methods of immobilization, adsorption on the surface is the most common method in bioremediation, due to the simplicity of the procedure and its non-toxicity. The choice of carrier is an essential element for successful bioremediation. It is also important to consider the type of process (in situ or ex situ), type of pollution, and properties of immobilized microorganisms. For these reasons, the article summarizes recent scientific reports about the use of natural carriers in bioremediation, including efficiency, the impact of the carrier on microorganisms and contamination, and the nature of the conducted research

Immunotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the rat

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN007783 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Effect of smoking on IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines level in gingival crevicular fluid and clinical parameters of periodontium in Babol city

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissues. The present study was conducted to evaluate Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 60 men including 30 smokers and 30 age-matched non-smokers. The assessment of periodontal health was performed by using dental plaque, Barnett gingival bleeding and probing pocket depth (PPD) index. Cytokines level in the GCF evaluated by Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The mean value of dental plaque index showed no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.1). Although gingival bleeding index was higher in control compared to the case group, the difference was not significant (P=0.08). The mean probing pocket depth (PPD) was lower in the case that the control group (P=0.02). The mean of IL-10 and IFN-γ levels were 1.25 (pg/ml) and 0.82 (pg/ml) in smokers, and 1.22 (pg/ml) and 0.75 (pg/ml) in non-smokers (P>0.05), respectively. Conclusion: The findings showed that IL-10 and IFN-γ levels in the GCF of smokers were higher compared with non-smokers with chronic periodontitis, however, the difference was not significant. Further investigations including the evaluation of the other inflammatory mediators are required

al-Adab wa an-Nushush: li ghayr an-Nathiqi bi al-Arabiyyah/ al-Maliji

349 hlm.; 24 c

al-Adab wa an-Nushush: li ghayr an-Nathiqi bi al-Arabiyyah/ al-Maliji

349 hlm.; 24 c

Salivary VEGF-R3, TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-17A/F Levels in Patients with Minor Aphthous

Background : Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common mucosal ulcerative of oral cavity. Role of immune system, especially cytokines in immunopathogenesis of aphthous stomatitis was not highly considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of salivary cytokines, including VEGF-R3, TGF-&beta1, TNF-&alpha, and IL-17A/F in patients with RAS in two clinical stages, ulcerative and healing period. Material and Methods: In this case –control study, 18 patients with RAS (case group) and 18 healthy individuals (control groups) who were matched for age and sex, were selected. In both ulcerative and healing stages, unstimulated saliva of patients with RAS and healthy controls were collected. Levels of salivary cytokines, including VEGF-R3, TGF-&beta, TNF-&alpha, and IL-17A/F at each stage was determined by ELISA procedure and result were compared with the control group. Results: The levels of salivary VEGF-R3 in the ulcerative (5.92 1.87ng/ml) and healing (7.14 ±3.1 ng/ml) stages significantly decreased comparing with control group ( 9.71±2.24 ng/ml). Moreover, the level of salivary TGF-&beta1 in ulcerative (142.21±18.7 pg/ml) and healing (167.02±28.1 pg/ml) stages significantly reduced comparing with control group (178.35±55.67 pg/ml). In addition, our finding showed that both inflammatory cytokines including TNF-&alpha and IL-17 A/F significantly increased comparing to control group. The level of salivary TNF-&alpha in ulcerative (34.9±11.35pg/ml) and healing (28.09±9.07pg/ml) stages significantly increased comparing with control group (10.76±1.83 pg/ml). Also, the IL-17 A/F level in the ulcerative  (96.44±25.74 pg/ml) and healing (79.17±24.96 pg/ml) stages significantly increased comparing to the control group (53.47±13 pg/ml). Conclusion: Our finding in this study showed that the reduction of VEGF-R3 and TGF-&beta1 cytokines and increasing of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-&alpha and IL-17 A/F are effective in the pathogenesis of minor aphthous particularly in ulcerative stage.

al-Adab wa an-Nushush: li ghayr an-Nathiqi bi al-Arabiyyah/ al-Maliji

349 hlm.; 24 c

BHESAH ALOS : ETIKA KOMUNIKASI REMAJA DALAM PERGAULAN SOSIAL DI KABUPATEN SAMPANG MADURA

Etika merupakan salah satu unsur yang menentukan sukses atau tidaknya komunikasi yang dilakukan seseorang. Komunikasi yang dilakukan dengan etika yang kurang tepat akan mengakibatkan bias pada seseorang dalam menginterpretasikan pesan yang ingin disampaikan. salah satu bentuk etika yang paling diperhitungkan dalam proses komunikasi adalah etika berbahasa. Bahasa yang digunakan dalam komunikasi dan bagaimana bahasa tersebut disampaikan merupakan salah satu kriteria etika komunikasi yang baik. Hal tersebut melingkupi bahasa secara universal, tidak terkecuali bahasa madura sebagai salah satu bahasa daerah dengan pengguna terbesar ketiga di Indonesia. Artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana karakter penggunaan bahasa halus oleh remaja di kabupaten sampang sebagai salah satu kabupaten di madura dan bagaimana peran bahasa Madura halus dalam meneguhkan etika komunikasi.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga karakter etika komunikasi sosial remaja madura Pertama, etika komunikasi yang baik dan utama dalam perspektif orang Madura adalah menggunakan bahasa halus, kedua, penggunaan titi nada dan sikap yang tepat, ketiga, penggunaan bahasa sesuai konteks berbicara. Adapun peran bahasa halus Madura dalam meneguhkan etika komunikasi  terumuskan dalam dua hal; Pertama, Bhesah Alos  mengedepankan pertimbangan lawan bicara, terutama kepada orang yang lebih tua dan dihormati. Kedua,  bahasa halus merupakan manifestasi dari pribadi yang beretika dan bertatakram