Vital Sensory Kit For Use With Telemedicine In Developing Countries

In many developing countries, a large percentage of the population lacks access to adequate healthcare. This is especially true in India where close to 70% of the population lives in rural areas and has little to no access to hospitals or clinics. People living in rural India often times cannot afford to pay to see a doctor should they need to make the journey to a hospital. Telemedicine, a breakthrough in the past couple decades, has broken down the barrier between the patient and the physician. It has slowly been implemented in India to make doctors more available to patients through the use of video conferences and other forms of communication. A compact and affordable kit has been developed that will be used to take a patient’s blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose concentration and oxygen saturation. Our most novel contribution is the non-invasive glucose sensor that will use a near-infrared LED and photodiode in the patient’s earlobe. Currently millions of diabetics do this by pricking their finger. By wirelessly sending data results from the vital sign kit, the first essential part of a treatment can be carried out via wireless communication, saving the doctor and patient time and money

Color reconnection and flow-like patterns in pp collisions

Increasingly, with the data collected at the LHC we are confronted with the possible existence of flow in pp collisions. In this work we show that PYTHIA 8 produces flow-like effects in events with multiple hard subcollisions due to color string formations between final partons from independent hard scatterings, the so called color reconnection. We present studies of different identified hadron observables in pp collisions at 7 TeV with the tune 4C. Studies have been done both for minimum bias and multiplicity intervals in events with and without color reconnection to isolate the flow-like effect.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. The first part of the manuscript was reorganized, some typos were corrected and references added. The final version should appear in PR

The sustainability factor in Europe and Spain

Los sistemas basados en técnicas de reparto (pay-as-you-go, que parten de en la solidaridad intergeneracional), tratan de buscar soluciones al desequilibrio activos/pasivos que se avecina. Para ello, se proponen alternativas que constituyen una “revolución” en los sistemas de protección social: optar por reformas estructurales; o bien por reformas paramétricas. En este artículo vemos ambas figuras, a través de dos referentes nacionales: el sueco (cuentas nocionales); y el español (reformas paramétricas), aunque en este último caso el factor de sostenibilidad no ha llegado a aplicarse, bien porque la Ley no lo contempló (en la relativo a la edad), o se le ha dado una moratoria (cuantía inicial). Junto a ello analizamos el fracasado mecanismo de ajuste automático en la revalorización de la pensiones en España.The systems based on pay-as-you-go techniques, which based on intergenerational solidarity, try to find solutions to the imbalance of assets/passive that one approaches. For this, alternatives that constitute a “revolution” in social protection systems: opt for structural reforms; or by parametric reforms. In this article we see both figures, through two national references: the Swedish (notional defined contribution); and Spanish (parametric reforms), although in this case, the sustainability factor has not been applied, either because the Law did not contemplate it (in relation to age), or a moratorium has been given (initial amount). Together with this we analyze the automatic balancing mechanism in the revaluation of pensions in Spain

Analyzing Uncertainty in Complex Socio-Ecological Networks

Socio-ecological systems are recognized as complex adaptive systems whose multiple interactions might change as a response to external or internal changes. Due to its complexity, the behavior of the system is often uncertain. Bayesian networks provide a sound approach for handling complex domains endowed with uncertainty. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the Bayesian network structure on the uncertainty of the model, expressed as the Shannon entropy. In particular, three strategies for model structure have been followed: naive Bayes (NB), tree augmented network (TAN) and network with unrestricted structure (GSS). Using these network structures, two experiments are carried out: (1) the impact of the Bayesian network structure on the entropy of the model is assessed and (2) the entropy of the posterior distribution of the class variable obtained from the different structures is compared. The results show that GSS constantly outperforms both NB and TAN when it comes to evaluating the uncertainty of the entire model. On the other hand, NB and TAN yielded lower entropy values of the posterior distribution of the class variable, which makes them preferable when the goal is to carry out predictions

Cognitive Biases in Human Causal Learning

El objetivo de este trabajo fue la búsqueda de sesgos cognitivos en la inferencia de relaciones causales para descubrir qué procesos psicológicos modulan el aprendizaje causal. A partir del efecto de la frecuencia de juicio, este trabajo presenta investigación consecuente sobre competición entre claves (ensombrecimiento, bloqueo o súper-condicionamiento) para demostrar cómo la fuerza de las creencias previas y la evidencia sobre la covariación de cada causa contribuyen aditivamente en los juicios causales y en la toma de decisiones, siendo su fuerza relativa modulada por la fiabilidad otorgada a cada tipo de información. Nuevos datos muestran también la incapacidad para detectar relaciones causales incidentales preventivas, pero no generativas. Esta “ceguera inatencional” parece deberse a un fallo en la codificación o recuperación de la información. Todos estos datos revelan que una arquitectura cognitiva del aprendizaje causal debe basarse en tres niveles. El primer nivel sería responsable de la codificación de los eventos en cada ensayo. El segundo nivel computaría la nueva evidencia a partir de la información recibida del primer nivel. En el tercer nivel, el individuo debe interpretar e integrar toda esta información con su conocimiento causal previo. En suma, los modelos sobre juicios de causalidad y toma de decisiones normalmente se han centrado en el efecto exclusivo de las “creencias y conocimiento causal” o de la “experiencia directa y covariación” entre causas y efectos. Este trabajo demuestra que ambos tipos de información se requieren e interactúan cuando se trata de explicar la complejidad y flexibilidad que implica el aprendizaje y la inferencia de relaciones causales en humanos.The main aim of this work was to look for cognitive biases in human inference of causal relationships in order to emphasize the psychological processes that modulate causal learning. From the effect of the judgment frequency, this work presents subsequent research on cue competition (overshadowing, blocking, and super-conditioning effects) showing that the strength of prior beliefs and new evidence based upon covariation computation contributes additively to predict causal judgments, whereas the balance between the reliability of both, beliefs and covariation knowledge, modulates their relative weight. New findings also showed “inattentional blindness” for negative or preventative causal relationships but not for positive or generative ones, due to failure in codifying and retrieving the necessary information for its computation. Overall results unveil the need of three hierarchical levels of a whole architecture for human causal learning: the lower one, responsible for codifying the events during the task; the second one, computing the retrieved information; finally, the higher level, integrating this evidence with previous causal knowledge. In summary, whereas current theoretical frameworks on causal inference and decision-making usually focused either on causal beliefs or covariation information, the present work shows how both are required to be able to explain the complexity and flexibility involved in human causal learning

Estructura del temperamento en deficientes mentales

The objective of this paper is to study the structure of temperament in mental retardates and its relationship with performance. A set of objective tests and a L-data scale were administered. Results indicated that a bidimensional structure was suitable for de L-data scale, showing two factors interpreted as extraversion and neuroticism. In T-data, a bidimensional structure was also found: velocity and quality. Relations between L-data and T-data suggest that velocity is a temperamental factor and quality is un ability factor.Se plantea el objetivo de estudiar la estructura del temperamento en deficientes mentales y su relación con el rendimiento, para lo cual se administran una serie de pruebas objetivas y una escala de heteroevaluación. Tras analizar las matrices de correlaciones en cada tipo de pruebas, se encuentra una estructura factorial en la escala de heteroevaluación que muestra dos componentes interpretables como extroversión e inestabilidad, así como dos componentes en el rendimiento (velocidad y calidad). Las relaciones entre ambas modalidades de factores indican que el factor de velocidad puede considerarse como un componente temperamental del rendimiento y el factor de calidad como un componente aptitudinal

Diseño de primitivas geométricas espacio-temporales para describir fenómenos dinámicos

Este artículo afronta la descripción geométrica de fenómenos dinámicos y las relaciones existentes entre ellos y con su contexto espacio-temporal. Para ello introduce el diseño de primitivas geométricas espacio-temporales que consisten en una serie de estructuras básicas tridimensionales, resultantes de la representación de las estructuras espaciales ya conocidas (arco, cara, nodo) sobre la dimensión temporal. Estas primitivas propuestas son formalizadas mediante funciones matemáticas de coordenadas espacio-temporales que permiten representar relaciones entre estos fenómenos. Puesto que estamos frente fenómenos dinámicos, las relaciones así obtenidas también se caracterizarán por su dinamismo. El artículo mostrará tanto la metodología para la creación de dichas primitivas geométricas, como la aplicación de algunas relaciones dinámicas en diversos casos de estudio