Thin films CdS/CdTe solar cells with different activation processes base layer

Shown in this work is the possibility to create industrial technology for production of solar cells FTO/CdS/CdTe. The technology includes annealing in freon processing step for activation of cadmium telluride base layers deposited by thermal vacuum evaporation. Solar cells with efficiency of 7% have been obtained. Structural and morphological researches allowed to identify interrelation between photovoltaic characteristics and features of the recrystalization process in base layers after annealing in freon as compared with the standard chloride treatment

Monthly mean climatology of the prevailing winds and tides in the Artic mesosphere/lower thermosphere

The Arctic MLT wind regime parameters measured at the ground-based network of MF and meteor radar stations (Andenes 69° N, Tromsø 70° N, Esrange 68° N, Dixon 73.5° N, Poker Flat 65° N and Resolute Bay 75° N) are discussed and compared with those observed in the mid-latitudes. The network of the ground-based MF and meteor radars for measuring winds in the Arctic upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere provides an excellent opportunity for study of the main global dynamical structures in this height region and their dependence from longitude. Preliminary estimates of the differences between the measured winds and tides from the different radar types, situated 125-273km apart (Tromsø, Andenes and Esrange), are provided. Despite some differences arising from using different types of radars it is possible to study the dynamical wind structures. It is revealed that most of the observed dynamical structures are persistent from year to year, thus permitting the analysis of the Arctic MLT dynamics in a climatological sense. The seasonal behaviour of the zonally averaged wind parameters is, to some extent, similar to that observed at the moderate latitudes. However, the strength of the winds (except the prevailing meridional wind and the diurnal tide amplitudes) in the Arctic MLT region is, in general, less than that detected at the moderate latitudes, decreasing toward the pole. There are also some features in the vertical structure and seasonal variations of the Arctic MLT winds which are different from the expectations of the well-known empirical wind models CIRA-86 and HWM-93. The tidal phases show a very definite longitudinal dependence that permits the determination of the corresponding zonal wave numbers. It is shown that the migrating tides play an important role in the dynamics of the Arctic MLT region. However, there are clear indications with the presence in some months of non-migrating tidal modes of significant appreciable amplitude

Cmr is a redox-responsive regulator of DosR that contributes to M. tuberculosis virulence.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) is the causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). MTb colonizes the human lung, often entering a non-replicating state before progressing to life-threatening active infections. Transcriptional reprogramming is essential for TB pathogenesis. In vitro, Cmr (a member of the CRP/FNR super-family of transcription regulators) bound at a single DNA site to act as a dual regulator of cmr transcription and an activator of the divergent rv1676 gene. Transcriptional profiling and DNA-binding assays suggested that Cmr directly represses dosR expression. The DosR regulon is thought to be involved in establishing latent tuberculosis infections in response to hypoxia and nitric oxide. Accordingly, DNA-binding by Cmr was severely impaired by nitrosation. A cmr mutant was better able to survive a nitrosative stress challenge but was attenuated in a mouse aerosol infection model. The complemented mutant exhibited a ∼2-fold increase in cmr expression, which led to increased sensitivity to nitrosative stress. This, and the inability to restore wild-type behaviour in the infection model, suggests that precise regulation of the cmr locus, which is associated with Region of Difference 150 in hypervirulent Beijing strains of Mtb, is important for TB pathogenesis

The cruising service of the black sea fleet in the 1860s: Regulations and practical application

The article deals with the regulations and the practical implementation of the cruising service of the Black sea fleet in the 1860s. The attention is also paid to the issues of armament of ships and their participation in the suppression of smuggling. There are used as materials the documents of the Central state archive of the Navy (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation), introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, and scientific publications on the research topic. The methodological basis of the study was the principles of objectivity and historicism, suggesting an unbiased approach to the analysis of the studied problems, a critical attitude to the sources, the judgments in the analysis of the totality of the facts and the screening phenomena in the development and the context of the historical situation. This is important when studying the extent of smuggling and countering it. The comparative method was applied during the work, which allowed to correlate the regulations and the practical implementation of cruising service. In conclusion the authors stated that military courts continued the cruising service in 1860s, which was aimed at curbing the Turkish smuggling. In order to avoid the complications in diplomatic relations with the foreign states there was spelled out in detail the terms under which the smuggling ship could be considered as lawful prize. The significant scale of smuggling in the 1860s is evidenced by the fact that only in 1863, the courts of the Black sea fleet intercepted 16 smuggling vessels. Copyright © 2017 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. Copyright © 2017 by Sochi State University

The cruising service of the black sea fleet in the 1860s: Regulations and practical application

The article deals with the regulations and the practical implementation of the cruising service of the Black sea fleet in the 1860s. The attention is also paid to the issues of armament of ships and their participation in the suppression of smuggling. There are used as materials the documents of the Central state archive of the Navy (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation), introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, and scientific publications on the research topic. The methodological basis of the study was the principles of objectivity and historicism, suggesting an unbiased approach to the analysis of the studied problems, a critical attitude to the sources, the judgments in the analysis of the totality of the facts and the screening phenomena in the development and the context of the historical situation. This is important when studying the extent of smuggling and countering it. The comparative method was applied during the work, which allowed to correlate the regulations and the practical implementation of cruising service. In conclusion the authors stated that military courts continued the cruising service in 1860s, which was aimed at curbing the Turkish smuggling. In order to avoid the complications in diplomatic relations with the foreign states there was spelled out in detail the terms under which the smuggling ship could be considered as lawful prize. The significant scale of smuggling in the 1860s is evidenced by the fact that only in 1863, the courts of the Black sea fleet intercepted 16 smuggling vessels. Copyright © 2017 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. Copyright © 2017 by Sochi State University