Association between Clinical Symptoms and Histological Features of Molars with Acute Pulpitis

Introduction: Diagnosis of dental pulp status on the basis of clinical signs in many cases helps clinicians to better resolve patient problems. Various studies have shown no correlation between clinical and histologic findings. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between clinical findings and histological features in extracted decayed teeth with acute pulpitis. Materials and Methods: One hundred permanent cavitated human teeth with mature apices and pulpitis, which were extracted for reasons not related to the present study, were evaluated. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were collected using pre-designed questionnaires. After tooth extraction, 5 micron-thick slices were prepared for microscopic assessment. General pathologist evaluated reactions to stimuli in all areas of the pulp tissue under a light microscope. When present, inflammation was classified according to the type and spread of cell detected and other histological findings, such as abscess formation, pulp stones, and pulpal fibrosis, were also recorded. Results: We found significant associations between pain characteristics, such as pain type and duration, and histological status.  Acute inflammation, severe chronic inflammation, and liquefactive necrosis increased with pain severity. Various histological sections showed the absence of pulpal inflammation. Conclusions: We found a good agreement of patients’ pain histories and pain characteristics with histological pulp status. Thus, the use of specified CHARTs and SCALEs that help patients provide the most accurate responses to questions about pain would aid the diagnosis of pulp status. In cases with an accurate pulpal diagnosis, the clinicians can manage pulpal protection when it is possible

The traditional foundationalist reading of inter-religious dialogue inpost-revolutionary Iran - A qualitative study

Dialogue with Religious Another is one of the important results and events that can be imagined in the field of religion. After the revolution in Iran, some governmental and non-governmental organizations and institutions took this issue on the assumption that there was a history of this type of dialogue in the field of Islamic civilization. Undoubtedly, the representatives of these institutions have gained experience over the years by relying on these conversations to prove Islamic-Shiite identity with other religions, and in particular Catholic Christianity. This qualitative study seeks to answer the question by analyzing the content of the discourses on the subjectivity and experience of these individuals that, essentially, based on the intrinsic approach adopted by the traditional foundationalist, how does one view the religion as another and what is the interpretation of the dialogue with the "other"? Provide. For this purpose, field data were collected through purposeful sampling in a semi-structured interview with 15 actors in this field. The analysis of the themes of the discourse showed that, from a traditional foundationalist perspective, dialogue with another religion prioritized religious equality, embraced religious globalization as a fixed principle in dialogue, and attempted to negotiate another through political-religious legitimacy

The Effect of Electromagnetic Field Generated by a Mobile Phone on the Performance of a SPECT Scanner

Purpose: The aim of the current attempt was quantitative investigation of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of amobile phonewith the function of a SPECT gamma camera during data acquisition. Materials and Methods:We tested the effect of a mobile phone, in both ringing mode and standby mode, on one SPECT gamma camera during scanning a cylindrical phantom containing 5.4 mCi 99mTc. The experiment was performed for different distances of 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, and 30 cm betweenmobile phone and head of the scanner, and for different head angles of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 degrees. A RF-EMF meter measured strength of electromagnetic field throughout the study. Statistically significant decrease in count number was considered to be electromagnetic interference. Results: There was significant reduction in the recorded counts during ringing of the mobile phone in all studied distances. For gamma camera, fixed at a distance, there was no uniform pattern of reduction of the counts at different angles between two operation modes of the mobile phone. Conclusions: A mobile phone, at close distance, can be a sensible source of electromagnetic field, disturbing the normal function of a gamma camera

The study of the contamination extent in jewelry used by nursing staff and its relation to some factors in Shahrekord Medical University hospitals

Background and aims: In clinics, nurses spend most of their working shifts « hours with different if they do not follow the general principals of prevention, they will have greater share of transmission of infection to patients and others. Therefore, the aim of this study is determining the extent of contamination in nursing staff's jewelry and their level of awareness of using these objects in Shahrekord medical university hospitals. Methods: This study is a analytical discriptive study which was done on 220 nurses, who were selected by cluster sampling, in Shahrekord hospitals. For data collection, a questionnaire included demographic information and assessment of the level of awareness about the terms of using jewelries in clinical environments was used. The reliability of this questionnaire was obtained 0.86 based on Cronbach's alpha, and confirmed. After that, the nurses' palms and the jewelry used by them were sampled and cultured in vitro. After 48-72 hours, the samples were examined and the data were analyzed by the use of SPSS Software and descriptive and inferential statistical techniques such as Cross tab. Results: The results of this study revealed that only 7 (3.2%) of the participants did not use jewelry in the workplace. In the in vitro cultures from the jewelry used by participants in the study, Staphylococcus Epidermidis had the highest frequency and candida albikans had the lowest frequency. Also, the materials used in watches had a significant role in the level of microbial contamination but this relationship is not seen in other jewelry. (r=259.84, P=0.000). There is a relationship between the gender of the participants and the level of microbial contamination in the watches. (r=24.913, P=0.000) This relationship is more in women comparing with men. Although more than 75% of nurses have a good awareness of the abandonment of using the jewelry in clinical areas, yet the use of jewelry is at a considerable extent. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the hands and various types of jewelry used by nurses are contamined with various pathogens, while applying the defined professional principles for controlling infection is the most important principles of clinical programs. Therefore, the results of this study can be used by the managers of the hospitals to emphasize more desirably on the compliance of the rules and regulations for controlling of infection in clinical environments

Sensitivity to hydrogen induced cracking, and corrosion performance of an API X65 pipeline steel in H2S containing environment: influence of heat treatment and its subsequent microstructural changes

In this investigation, the effect of microstructural changes and phase equilibria on corrosion behavior and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) sensitivity of an API X65 pipeline steel was studied. For this purpose, heat treatment was performed at 850 °C, 950 °C, 1050 °C and 1150 °C to engineer the desired microstructure of this pipeline steel. Then, the microstructural evolution was performed by optical microscopy, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Corrosion properties were evaluated in H2S environment by open circuit potential (OCP), Potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). As well, HIC sensitivity of the API X65 pipeline steel was assessed by hydrogen charging of the cathode and immediately conducting the tensile test. Microscopy analyses showed that the microstructure of the steel is ferritic-pearlitic together with the islands of martensite/austenite constituents. Increasing the heat treatment temperature reduced the amount of pearlite and increased ferrite grain size. It also stabilized the ferrite content. Corrosion results indicated that no active layer was formed on the surface of this pipeline steel. Also, increasing the heat treatment temperature increased the corrosion resistance and reduced sensitivity to micro-galvanic localized corrosion. As well, results suggested that the sensitivity to HIC in the API X65 pipeline was substantially increased with increasing the amount of pearlite and reducing the amount of ferrite; i.e. at lower heat treatment temperature.publishedVersio

The study of the contamination extent in jewelry used by nursing staff and its relation to some factors in Shahrekord Medical University hospitals

Background and aims: In clinics, nurses spend most of their working shifts « hours with different if they do not follow the general principals of prevention, they will have greater share of transmission of infection to patients and others. Therefore, the aim of this study is determining the extent of contamination in nursing staff's jewelry and their level of awareness of using these objects in Shahrekord medical university hospitals. Methods: This study is a analytical discriptive study which was done on 220 nurses, who were selected by cluster sampling, in Shahrekord hospitals. For data collection, a questionnaire included demographic information and assessment of the level of awareness about the terms of using jewelries in clinical environments was used. The reliability of this questionnaire was obtained 0.86 based on Cronbach's alpha, and confirmed. After that, the nurses' palms and the jewelry used by them were sampled and cultured in vitro. After 48-72 hours, the samples were examined and the data were analyzed by the use of SPSS Software and descriptive and inferential statistical techniques such as Cross tab. Results: The results of this study revealed that only 7 (3.2%) of the participants did not use jewelry in the workplace. In the in vitro cultures from the jewelry used by participants in the study, Staphylococcus Epidermidis had the highest frequency and candida albikans had the lowest frequency. Also, the materials used in watches had a significant role in the level of microbial contamination but this relationship is not seen in other jewelry. (r=259.84, P=0.000). There is a relationship between the gender of the participants and the level of microbial contamination in the watches. (r=24.913, P=0.000) This relationship is more in women comparing with men. Although more than 75% of nurses have a good awareness of the abandonment of using the jewelry in clinical areas, yet the use of jewelry is at a considerable extent. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the hands and various types of jewelry used by nurses are contamined with various pathogens, while applying the defined professional principles for controlling infection is the most important principles of clinical programs. Therefore, the results of this study can be used by the managers of the hospitals to emphasize more desirably on the compliance of the rules and regulations for controlling of infection in clinical environments. Keywords: Infection, nurse, Jewelry, Awareness, Transmission of infection

An insight to HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) pathogenesis; evidence from high-throughput data integration and meta-analysis

Background Human T-lymphotropic virus 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system that significantly affected spinal cord, nevertheless, the pathogenesis pathway and reliable biomarkers have not been well determined. This study aimed to employ high throughput meta-analysis to find major genes that are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP. Results High-throughput statistical analyses identified 832, 49, and 22 differentially expressed genes for normal vs. ACs, normal vs. HAM/TSP, and ACs vs. HAM/TSP groups, respectively. The protein-protein interactions between DEGs were identified in STRING and further network analyses highlighted 24 and 6 hub genes for normal vs. HAM/TSP and ACs vs. HAM/TSP groups, respectively. Moreover, four biologically meaningful modules including 251 genes were identified for normal vs. ACs. Biological network analyses indicated the involvement of hub genes in many vital pathways like JAK-STAT signaling pathway, interferon, Interleukins, and immune pathways in the normal vs. HAM/TSP group and Metabolism of RNA, Viral mRNA Translation, Human T cell leukemia virus 1 infection, and Cell cycle in the normal vs. ACs group. Moreover, three major genes including STAT1, TAP1, and PSMB8 were identified by network analysis. Real-time PCR revealed the meaningful down-regulation of STAT1 in HAM/TSP samples than AC and normal samples (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively), up-regulation of PSMB8 in HAM/TSP samples than AC and normal samples (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively), and down-regulation of TAP1 in HAM/TSP samples than those in AC and normal samples (P = 0.008 and P = 0.02, respectively). No significant difference was found among three groups in terms of the percentage of T helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (P = 0.55 and P = 0.12). Conclusions High-throughput data integration disclosed novel hub genes involved in important pathways in virus infection and immune systems. The comprehensive studies are needed to improve our knowledge about the pathogenesis pathways and also biomarkers of complex diseases.Peer reviewe

Exploring the Process of Quranic Software Impact on Children's Quranic Understanding Based on Mothers View

Today, software programs, as determining structures, are playing a considerable role in humans' various life dimensions. Among these, one can refer to Quranic software programs produced by Quranic institutions for the sake of improving religious communities' understanding of the holy Quran. The present study has adopted a super structural social approach to the issue seeking the impact of that on children's understanding of the Quran. The research methodology is qualitative and has used ethnographic method as well. The qualitative data are, therefore, gathered through free observation and semi-structured interview technique. Based on targeted qualitative sampling method and also theoretical saturation criterion, 20 mothers using this type of software were selected and their views on the impact of that on their children were analyzed. The findings which are based on grounded theory consist of five general categories as follows: facilitation, optimism, expanded thought, normative structure, and empowerment. The core section of this issue is the transcendental one which incorporates other major issues

The relationship between the functional diversity, functional redundancy and community stability in mountain rangelands

Aims We studied species redundancy, functional redundancy, and community stability relationship in mountain rangelands of Northern Iran via assessing vegetation and soil resources. This study aimed to examine whether community redundancy contributes to community stability, quantify the importance of species redundancy versus functional redundancy to keep the stability of the community, and compare the relationship between these community and altitude gradient. Methods Ecological gradient determined by its environment, and disturbance factors were used to evaluate the variation in diversity, redundancy, and stability across a range of communities. We constructed a structural equation model (SEM) based on the bivariate relationships to understand the causal pathways through which the species diversity indices, functional diversity, redundancy diversity, and soil nutrients affect community stability. Results Positive and significant path coefficients were found for functional diversity and redundancy, species redundancy, and altitude gradient with stability. There was a significantly negative effect of functional diversity on species diversity. Species function had no effect on species redundancy. Conclusions Community stability improved at higher functional redundancy. In general, it can be concluded that the math- ematical representation of functional redundancy can be an effective tool to evaluate the causal models which link plant diversity to community stability

Does Body Composition and Weight Influence an Individual’s Perception of Ideal Body Shape?

Background and Objective: An individual's attitude toward an ideal body can affect different aspects of their life. There is no clear evidence regarding the relationship between an individual’s body composition and ideal body image. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between an individual’s body fat percent and weight on his/her perception of ideal body shape. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 151 volunteers who were referred to a diet therapy clinic in Tehran in 2016 participated. Participants were selected by convenience sampling method. At first, weight, height and body composition of participants were measured. Then, 21 standardized female body images with different waist to hip ratios (WHR) and body fat percent (BF%) were presented to the participants. The participants were asked to rank them according to their attractiveness. Then the images were scored according to their ranks and the trend of score changes in the different levels of studied factors was evaluated. Data were analyzed in SPSS-22 software using descriptive methods, analytical tests such as repeated measure analysis of variances, Bonferroni and linear regression. Results:  A total of 151 people, including 92 (60.9%) women and 59 (39.1) men participated in the study. The image with WHR of 0.68 and BF% of 23% received the highest score (8 out of 9). A linear inverse relationship was found between the score of the image and its WHR (P< 0.001) and BF% (P<0.001). The interaction between WHR and BF% was also significant (P< 0.001). No significant differences were found between the scores of individuals with different levels of BMI, body fat and gender. Conclusion: Study showed factors such as gender, weight and body composition have no effects on the ideal body image perception