INFLUÊNCIA DO MANEJO QUÍMICO NO CAPIM AMARGOSO EM CULTIVO DE SOJA

A soja é uma cultura de elevado potencial produtivo, entretanto sua produção é limitada pelas plantas daninhas, devido a competição por fatores abióticos, além de produzir substancias alelopáticas capazes de interferir na qualidade e produtividade da cultura. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência do herbicida glyphosate, isolado ou em mistura com haloxifop-p-metílico, no controle do capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis). O trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental com a cultura da soja e desenvolvimento espontâneo de plantas daninhas. Os tratamentos foram: dose recomendada de glyphosate (720 g ha-1 e.a.); dose recomendada de haloxyfop (60 g ha-1 i.a.); meia dose de glyphosate + meia dose de haloxyfop (360 g ha-1 e.a. + 30 g ha-1 i.a., respectivamente); dose recomendada de glyphosate + haloxyfop; meia dose de glyphosate + dose recomendada de haloxyfop; dose recomendada de glyphosate + meia dose de haloxyfop; testemunha sem a presença de plantas daninhas e com presença de daninhas. Foram avaliados os componentes produtivos da soja, fitotoxicidade do herbicida na cultura e na espécie invasora, e a massa vegetal da planta daninha. Os tratamentos com haloxyfop isolado ou em mistura com glyphosate promovem amarelecimento evoluindo para necrose do capim-amargoso, entretanto, em aplicação de glyphosate isoladamente, este apresentou pouco ou nenhum efeito sobre as plantas daninhas, indicando possível tolerância do biótipo do capim amargoso ao glyphosate. A produtividade da soja apresenta decréscimo de até 3.059 kg ha-1 (90,10%) quando comparado com áreas onde houve aplicação. A população de plantas de soja por metro linear é reduzida significativamente quando não há o controle químico das plantas daninhas.Palavras-chave: Digitaria insularis; fitointoxicação; herbicida. INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT IN THE BITTER CAPIM IN SOYBEAN CULTIVATION ABSTRACT: Soybean is a crop with high productive potential, but its production is limited by weeds due to competition for abiotic factors, as well as producing allelopathic substances capable of interfering with the quality and productivity of the crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the glyphosate herbicide, isolated or in combination with haloxyfop-p-methyl, in the control of bittergrass (Digitaria insularis). The work was developed in an experimental area with the soybean crop and spontaneous development of weeds. The treatments were: recommended dose of glyphosate (720 g ha-1 e.a.); recommended dose of haloxyfop (60 g ha-1 a.i.); half dose of glyphosate + half dose of haloxyfop (360 g ha-1 e.a. + 30 g ha-1 a.i., respectively); recommended dose of glyphosate + haloxyfop; half dose of glyphosate + recommended dose of haloxyfop; recommended dose of glyphosate + half dose of haloxyfop; control without the presence of weeds. The productive components of soybean, phytotoxicity of the herbicide in the crop and the invasive species, and the plant mass of the weed were evaluated. The treatments with haloxyfop alone or in combination with glyphosate promote yellowing evolving towards amargoso necrosis; however, in application of glyphosate alone, this showed little or no effect on the weeds, indicating a possible tolerance of the biotype of the bitter grass to the glyphosate. Soybean yield decreased by up 3,059 kg ha-1 (90.10%) when compared to areas where there was application. The population of soybean plants per linear meter is significantly reduced when there is no chemical control of weeds.Keywords: Digitaria insularis; phytointoxication; herbicide

Influence of Cooling Time and Diluents on the Freezability of Prochilodus brevis semen

Background: Prochilodus brevis is a rheophilic fish of economic and ecological importance. However, anthropic action has made its population vulnerable. Thus, the development of reproductive biotechnologies, such as seminal conservation, is necessary to subsidize their fish farming. However, seminal collections are often performed in places with few laboratory resources, demanding studies to determine the maximum time for which sperm can be cooled, as well as its process until frozen. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of cooling time and the presence of dilution solutions on cryopreservation of P. brevis semen.Material, Methods & Results: After seminal collection, nine pools were formed and analyzed for seminal pH, concentration, membrane integrity, morphology and spermatic kinetics - motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP) and straight line velocity (VSL). After the analysis of the pools in natura (control 1), they were processed as follows: 1)- immediate freezing (control 2); 2)- cooling: undiluted, diluted in coconut water powder (ACP-104) or diluted in 5% glucose, followed by cooling at different times (6, 12, 24 or 48 h); 3)- Post-refrigeration freezing: the pools were diluted in their respective diluents and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. After 15 days, the samples were thawed and analyzed for the aforementioned parameters. For the cooled and post-thawed semen, a completely randomized design with 2 (diluent × cooling time) and 3 (storage form × cooling time and storage form × diluent) factors, respectively, was utilized. ANOVA and Dunnett tests were applied to compare the means. In case of seminal cooling, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in sperm motility between control 1 and the undiluted and diluted treatments in ACP-104 for up to 24 h. After 48 h, only the VCL of the sample diluted in ACP-104 was similar (P > 0.05) to that of control 1. When comparing forms of storage (undiluted, diluted in ACP-104 or diluted in glucose) and cooling times, the undiluted samples and the samples diluted in ACP-104 were better (P < 0.05) for all the kinetics parameters analyzed, than those diluted in glucose after 24 h. After 48 h, the cooled semen diluted in ACP-104 presented greater (P < 0.05) motility than the other treated semen samples. The samples diluted in glucose for 48 h presented lower spermatic velocity (P < 0.05) than those subjected to other treatments. Regardless of the diluent used, the post-thawed semen and the cooled semen diluted for 6 h, presented higher sperm kinetic values (P < 0.05) than those of control 2 and other treated samples. Overall, the samples diluted in ACP-104 showed satisfactory results when cooled for up to 48 h or cooled for up to 6 h and frozen.Discussion: This is the first study that froze semen from P. brevis after cooling. Although glucose is a commonly used diluent during seminal freezing and has good post-thawing stability for this species, it is not recommended for cooling before seminal freezing, as prolonged exposure of spermatozoa to glucose may cause osmotic stress to sperm cells. Conversely, good results with ACP-104 might be because of its rich composition, mainly the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), an auxin with proven potential for seminal conservation of other species. Therefore, for fertilization trials, it is recommended to use ACP-104 as diluent for seminal cooling of P. brevis for up to 48 h or semen that has been frozen after cooling in ACP-104 for a maximum of 6 h

Low prevalence of renal, cardiac, pulmonary, and neurological extra-articular clinical manifestations in spondyloarthritis: analysis of the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis

OBJECTIVE: To describe the extra-articular manifestations (cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and neurological), usually not related to spondyloarthritis (SpA), in a large cohort of Brazilian patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 1,472 patients diagnosed with SpA and cared for at 29 health care centers distributed in the five major geographic regions in the country, participating in the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis (BRS). All patients were assessed for the prevalence of major extra-articular manifestations (cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and neurological), classified according to the diagnosis [ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reactive arthritis (ReA), arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (uSpA), and juvenile SpA], and according to the clinical presentation (axial, peripheral, mixed, and enthesitis). RESULTS: Of the patients with SpA assessed, 963 had AS, 271 PsA, 49 ReA, 48 arthritis associated with IBD, 98 uSpA, and 43 juvenile SpA. Cardiac involvement was reported in 44 patients (3.0%), pulmonary involvement in 19 (1.3%), renal involvement in 17 (1.2%), and neurological involvement in 13 patients (0.9%). Most patients with visceral involvement had AS or PsA, and the mixed (axial + peripheral) and/or predominantly axial clinical form. CONCLUSION: Cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and neurological extra-articular manifestations are quite infrequent in SpA, ranging from 0.9% to 3% in this large Brazilian cohort, and affected predominantly patients with AS and PsA.OBJETIVO: Descrever as manifestações extra-articulares (cardíacas, renais, pulmonares e neurológicas) geralmente não relacionadas às espondiloartrites (EpA) em uma grande coorte de pacientes brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Este estudo retrospectivo analisou 1.472 pacientes com o diagnóstico de EpA atendidos em 29 centros distribuídos pelas cinco principais regiões geográficas do Brasil, integrantes do Registro Brasileiro de Espondiloartrites. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados para a prevalência das principais manifestações extra-articulares (cardíacas, renais, pulmonares e neurológicas), divididas por diagnóstico [espondilite anquilosante (EA), artrite psoriásica (AP), artrite reativa (ARe), artrite associada a doença inflamatória intestinal (DII), EpA indiferenciada (EI) e EpA juvenil] e por forma clínica (axial, periférica, mista e entesítica). RESULTADOS: Dentre os pacientes avaliados com EpA, 963 apresentavam EA, 271 AP, 49 ARe, 48 artrite associada a DII, 98 EI e 43 EpA juvenil. Acometimento cardíaco foi observado em 44 pacientes (3,0%), seguido por acometimento pulmonar em 19 (1,3%), renal em 17 (1,2%) e neurológico em 13 pacientes (0,9%). A maioria dos casos de acometimento visceral ocorreu nos pacientes com EA ou AP e naqueles com forma clínica mista (axial e periférica) e/ou predominantemente axial. CONCLUSÃO: As manifestações extra-articulares cardíacas, renais, pulmonares e neurológicas são muito pouco frequentes nas EpA, variando de 0,9%-3% nesta grande coorte brasileira, estando mais associadas a EA e AP.37938

O 6º objetivo da agenda dos ODS da ONU: Debates sobre água segura y saneamento básico universalizado.

El proyecto de Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU) No. 540: Procesos pedagógicos y didácticos para la enseñanza de los derechos humanos y la convivencia pacífica, coordinado por la Dra. Marcela Moreno Buján, con la cooperación académica del proyecto de extensión docente Grupo de Pesquisa Derecho y Sustentabilidad (GPDS), coordinado por el Dr. Carlos Peralta Montero, han unido esfuerzos para organizar y publicar la Colección “Comunidad Académica y COVID 19”. Esta colección, conformada por tres volúmenes, forma parte de la sistematización de experiencias relacionadas con las temáticas abordadas por el TCU No. 540 y el GPDS. Este volumen está compuesto por doce capítulos, desarrollados por veintiocho académicos costarricenses, brasileños y colombianos donde se reflexiona de manera interdisciplinaria sobre el sexto objetivo de la agenda de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la ONU en el contexto de pandemia actual.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Acción Social::Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Effect of Vitamins and Amino Acids as Cryoprotectant Solution Supplementation for the Cryopreservation of Tambaqui Semen (Colossoma macropomum)

Background: The addition of antioxidant substances to a cryoprotective solution can increase its protective capacity, shielding spermatozoa from the oxidative stress caused by the seminal cryopreservation process. However, there is no record of a seminal cryopreservation protocol of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) using antioxidants as a supplement to the cryoprotective solution. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding vitamin C, vitamin E, cysteine, and/or taurine to the seminal cryopreservation of tambaqui.Materials, Methods & Results: Pools of semen (n = 10) were diluted in cryoprotective solutions supplemented with: vitamin C (T1), vitamin E (T2), vitamin C + vitamin E (T3), cysteine (T4), taurine (T5), and taurine + cysteine (T6). The control treatment (T7) was not supplemented. Diluted semen was loaded in 0.5 mL straws, frozen in a dry-shipper, stored in a cryogenic cylinder, and then thawed in a water bath (45ºC for eight seconds). The quality of fresh and cryopreserved semen was evaluated by measuring total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), linearity, and straightness using a computerized system of sperm analysis. Sperm membrane integrity parameters were analyzed using eosin-nigrosin staining, sperm morphology was assessed using pink bengal staining, and motility duration was measured by a digital timer. Data were analyzed using the statistical program SAS (2002) and the results were expressed as means ± standard error of the mean. The results showed that, in general, there was no significant increase in seminal quality when antioxidants were added to the cryoprotective solution. The T5 treatment promoted an increase (P 0.05) from the other treatments. Treatments T2 and T5 presented the highest values of VCL (34.74 ± 2.58 and 33.60 ± 1.81 μm.s-1, respectively). These were higher (P 0.05) from the T7 control (30.87 ± 1.49 μm.s-1). The VSL and VAP results showed that T1 presented the lowest velocity (9.89 ± 1.75 and 15.06 ± 1.92 μm.s-1, respectively) compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05) that did not differ from each other. Combining the two vitamins (T3) or the two amino acids (T6) was not advantageous in relation to the use of only one of these antioxidants.Discussion: The present study reports, for the first time, results of the addition of antioxidants to the tambaqui seminal freezing medium. The addition of taurine and vitamin E, although not significantly different from the control treatment, resulted in a tendency to increase sperm kinetics. This effect may be due to the action of taurine as a regulator of Ca2+ transporters, which is necessary to trigger sperm activation, and to the ability of vitamin E to scavenge reactive oxygen species produced during lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, the reduced sperm quality observed when vitamin C was used may have been related to the toxicity caused by a high concentration of this vitamin. In addition, once the safe dose of antioxidants has been exceeded, the normal physiological functions of reactive oxygen species can be inhibited. Thus, it is concluded that the use of vitamin E and taurine promotes promising results of curvilinear velocity after thawing of sperm. Therefore, these treatments are recommended, as well as more tests to determine their optimal concentrations

INFLUÊNCIA DO MANEJO QUÍMICO NO CAPIM AMARGOSO EM CULTIVO DE SOJA

A soja é uma cultura de elevado potencial produtivo, entretanto sua produção é limitada pelas plantas daninhas, devido a competição por fatores abióticos, além de produzir substancias alelopáticas capazes de interferir na qualidade e produtividade da cultura. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência do herbicida glyphosate, isolado ou em mistura com haloxifop-p-metílico, no controle do capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis). O trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental com a cultura da soja e desenvolvimento espontâneo de plantas daninhas. Os tratamentos foram: dose recomendada de glyphosate (720 g ha-1 e.a.); dose recomendada de haloxyfop (60 g ha-1 i.a.); meia dose de glyphosate + meia dose de haloxyfop (360 g ha-1 e.a. + 30 g ha-1 i.a., respectivamente); dose recomendada de glyphosate + haloxyfop; meia dose de glyphosate + dose recomendada de haloxyfop; dose recomendada de glyphosate + meia dose de haloxyfop; testemunha sem a presença de plantas daninhas e com presença de daninhas. Foram avaliados os componentes produtivos da soja, fitotoxicidade do herbicida na cultura e na espécie invasora, e a massa vegetal da planta daninha. Os tratamentos com haloxyfop isolado ou em mistura com glyphosate promovem amarelecimento evoluindo para necrose do capim-amargoso, entretanto, em aplicação de glyphosate isoladamente, este apresentou pouco ou nenhum efeito sobre as plantas daninhas, indicando possível tolerância do biótipo do capim amargoso ao glyphosate. A produtividade da soja apresenta decréscimo de até 3.059 kg ha-1 (90,10%) quando comparado com áreas onde houve aplicação. A população de plantas de soja por metro linear é reduzida significativamente quando não há o controle químico das plantas daninhas.Palavras-chave: Digitaria insularis; fitointoxicação; herbicida. INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT IN THE BITTER CAPIM IN SOYBEAN CULTIVATION ABSTRACT: Soybean is a crop with high productive potential, but its production is limited by weeds due to competition for abiotic factors, as well as producing allelopathic substances capable of interfering with the quality and productivity of the crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the glyphosate herbicide, isolated or in combination with haloxyfop-p-methyl, in the control of bittergrass (Digitaria insularis). The work was developed in an experimental area with the soybean crop and spontaneous development of weeds. The treatments were: recommended dose of glyphosate (720 g ha-1 e.a.); recommended dose of haloxyfop (60 g ha-1 a.i.); half dose of glyphosate + half dose of haloxyfop (360 g ha-1 e.a. + 30 g ha-1 a.i., respectively); recommended dose of glyphosate + haloxyfop; half dose of glyphosate + recommended dose of haloxyfop; recommended dose of glyphosate + half dose of haloxyfop; control without the presence of weeds. The productive components of soybean, phytotoxicity of the herbicide in the crop and the invasive species, and the plant mass of the weed were evaluated. The treatments with haloxyfop alone or in combination with glyphosate promote yellowing evolving towards amargoso necrosis; however, in application of glyphosate alone, this showed little or no effect on the weeds, indicating a possible tolerance of the biotype of the bitter grass to the glyphosate. Soybean yield decreased by up 3,059 kg ha-1 (90.10%) when compared to areas where there was application. The population of soybean plants per linear meter is significantly reduced when there is no chemical control of weeds.Keywords: Digitaria insularis; phytointoxication; herbicide

Strength development according with age and position: a 10-year study of 570 soccer players

Background/aim : The purpose of this study was to compare the isokinetic peak torque profiles from the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles during concentric and eccentric contractions in elite Brazilian soccer players across different field positions and age categories. Our hypothesis was that soccer players from different field positions are subjected to different ageing-related effects on their isokinetic peak torque. Methods : This is a retrospective study based on professional elite-level soccer players between the years 2009 and 2019. It included 570 adult males who played for at least 5 years on first or second Brazilian divisions. Playing positions were divided as: goalkeepers, defenders, sidebacks, midfielders and forwards. Age categories were also divided as: G1 (17–20 years old), G2 (21–24 years old), G3 (25–28 years old), G4 (29–32 years old) and G5 (33 years old or more). Results : The results indicate a moderate effect of age (F(4545)=8.197; p<0.001; η2=0.057) and a small effect of playing position (F(4545)=2.993; p<0.05; η2=0.021) on torque of concentric extensors; mainly from midfielders and goalkeepers with 29 years or more. Conclusions : Soccer players from different field positions are subjected to different ageing related effects on their muscular performance during their career special attention should be given to these players to avoid reduction in physical performance

Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Lesions in Infants With Congenital Zika Syndrome

IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause severe changes in the retina and choroid that may result in marked visual impairment in infants with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), the term created for a variety of anomalies associated with intrauterine ZIKV infection. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the affected retinal layers in infants with CZS and associated retinal abnormalities using optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional, consecutive case series included 8 infants (age range, 3.0-5.1 months) with CZS. Optical coherence tomographic images were obtained in the affected eyes of 7 infants with CZS who had undergone previous ophthalmologic examinations on March 17, 2016, and in 1 infant on January 1, 2016. An IgM antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ZIKV was performed on the cerebrospinal fluid samples of 7 of the 8 infants (88%), and other congenital infections were ruled out. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Observation of retinal and choroidal findings in the OCT images. RESULTS Among the 8 infants included in the study (3 male5 femalemean [SD] age at examination, 4.1 [0.7] months), 7 who underwent cerebrospinal fluid analysis for ZIKV had positive findings for IgM antibodies. Eleven of the 16 eyes (69%) of the 8 infants had retinal alterations and OCT imaging was performed in 9 (82%) of them. Optical coherence tomography was also performed in 1 unaffected eye. The main OCT findings in the affected eyes included discontinuation of the ellipsoid zone and hyperreflectivity underlying the retinal pigment epithelium in 9 eyes (100%), retinal thinning in 8 eyes (89%), choroidal thinning in 7 eyes (78%), and colobomatouslike excavation involving the neurosensory retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid in 4 eyes (44%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Zika virus can cause severe damage to the retina, including the internal and external layers, and the choroid. The colobomatouslike finding seen in the OCT images relate to the excavated chorioretinal scar observed clinically.Altino Ventura Fdn, Dept Ophthalmol, Recife, PE, BrazilPernambuco Eye Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Paulista Sch Med, Rua Botucatu 831, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilBascom Palmer Eye Inst, Miami, FL 33136 USABarao de Lucena Hosp, Dept Pediat Neurol, Recife, PE, BrazilDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc