Classe de Ciências

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Physiotherapy intervention for fatigue in palliative care: a systematic review

Background: Fatigue is recognized as one of the most prevalent, distressing and debilitating symptoms experienced by people in palliative care. Appropriate interventions may bring considerable improvements in quality of life to palliative care patients and their families, reducing physical, psychological and spiritual distress. Aims: To evaluate the effect of physiotherapy intervention on fatigue in palliative care patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nitrite reduction by xanthine oxidase family enzymes: a new class of nitrite reductases

J Biol Inorg Chem (2011) 16:443–460 DOI 10.1007/s00775-010-0741-zMammalian xanthine oxidase (XO) and Desulfovibrio gigas aldehyde oxidoreductase (AOR) are members of the XO family of mononuclear molybdoenzymes that catalyse the oxidative hydroxylation of a wide range of aldehydes and heterocyclic compounds. Much less known is the XO ability to catalyse the nitrite reduction to nitric oxide radical (NO). To assess the competence of other XO family enzymes to catalyse the nitrite reduction and to shed some light onto the molecular mechanism of this reaction, we characterised the anaerobic XO- and AORcatalysed nitrite reduction. The identification of NO as the reaction product was done with a NO-selective electrode and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The steady-state kinetic characterisation corroborated the XO-catalysed nitrite reduction and demonstrated, for the first time, that the prokaryotic AOR does catalyse the nitrite reduction to NO, in the presence of any electron donor to the enzyme, substrate (aldehyde) or not (dithionite). Nitrite binding and reduction was shown by EPR spectroscopy to occur on a reduced molybdenum centre. A molecular mechanism of AOR- and XO-catalysed nitrite reduction is discussed, in which the higher oxidation states of molybdenum seem to be involved in oxygen-atom insertion, whereas the lower oxidation states would favour oxygenatom abstraction. Our results define a new catalytic performance for AOR—the nitrite reduction—and propose a new class of molybdenum-containing nitrite reductases. Keywords Nitrite reduction Nitric oxide formation Molybdenum Xanthine oxidase Aldehyde oxidoreductase Abbreviations AOR Aldehyde oxidoreductase DMSOR Dimethylsulfoxide reductase EPR Electron paramagnetic resonance Fe/S Iron–sulfur centre Fe/S–NO Dinitrosyl–iron–sulfur complex (MGD)2–Fe Ferrous complex of di(N-methyl-Dglucamine dithiocarbamate)(MGD)2–Fe–NO Mononitrosyl–iron complex Mo-enzymes Pterin–molybdenum-containing enzymes NaR Nitrate reductases NO Nitric oxide radical SO Sulfite oxidase XO Xanthine oxidase Introduction Molybdenum is present in a wide variety of enzymes, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, where it performs catalyti

Cotratamento de lixiviado de aterro sanitário e esgoto doméstico em reatores UASB – estudo da viabilidade econômica do aproveitamento energético de biogás em Sergipe

In Brazil, landfills are the most common form of municipal solid waste disposal. Its liquid effluent, the landfill leachate, has a rich polluting load and must be treated prior to final disposal. Combined treatment of landfill leachate at Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is widely used in the United States, Europe and Japan. In Brazil, as well as in Latin America, UASB anaerobic digestion reactors are largely used in the WWTPs, one of the characteristics of which is the production of biogas that can be used for the production of electricity. The State of Sergipe has a landfill that currently sends its leachate to an effluent treatment plant in Bahia. This research aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of implementing biogas recovery systems in the WWTPs that is already equipped with UASB reactors, in the State of Sergipe, adding the landfill leachate to the sewage in comparison with the feasibility presented by Miranda (2008), who used only sanitary sewage. Characterization data were used for the leachate produced at the Sergipe landfill and the sewage received at the stations. From the literature, it was decided to evaluate the proportion of leachate addition between 0.5% and 5% to the sanitary sewage. The ProBio 1.0 software was used to estimate the biogas generation in each of the proportions and, consequently, the energy potential in each of the stations. Using energy parameter data, the monthly energy savings generated by the use of biogas were determined. In the economic analysis, the net present values of the investments were determined for a 25-year horizon, and their return times were defined by discounted PayBack. Even with the addition of leachate, the production of biogas is still not enough to meet the daily energy demands of the WWTPs, the injection of the energy produced in the concessionaire's net being the best option. The implementation of the recovery system, without considering the income generated by charging for the leachate treatment, proved to be economically viable for three of the four WWTPs. The South WWTP, the West WWTP and Rosa Elze’s WWTP, with return on investment times of 11 years and 10 months, 12 years and 11 months and 19 years and 7 months, and net present values of R$1.225.215, R$ 1.001.668 and R$208.732, respectively, for the proportion of 5$1.225.215, R$1.001.668 e R$208.732, respectivamente, para a proporção de 5% de lixiviado adicionado ao esgoto sanitário. Considerando a receita gerada com a cobrança do tratamento do lixiviado, todas as ETEs passariam a ter viabilidade no aproveitamento do biogás. Percebe-se que a adequação, somente da ERQ Sul, seria suficiente para receber o montante de lixiviado produzido no aterro sanitário de Sergipe em proporções menores do que 5%.São Cristóvão, S

Strain and growth conditions may regulate resistance of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms to banzalkonium chloride

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the main foodborne pathogens. The formation of biofilms by L. monocytogenes contributes to its resistance to disinfectants, which represents a serious risk for food production plants. The aim of this study was to compare the e ect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) (1.25 or 2.5 mg/L) on biofilm production and on biofilm reduction after exposure to an inhibitory concentration of BAC (1280 mg/L) in two isogenic L. monocytogenes strains: the BAC-sensitive wild-type strain S2-1 and its BAC-resistant mutant derivative S2BAC, which presented a multidrug resistance phenotype. The biofilm-forming ability of the strains under di erent BAC concentrations was evaluated by the resazurin method using polystyrene microplates. The biofilm reduction after BAC exposure was evaluated by using stainless steel coupons (SSCs). When the resazurin method was used, S2BAC produced significantly more biofilm in the presence of a sub-inhibitory concentration of BAC compared to that in the culture medium without BAC (p < 0.05). When the SSC method was used, the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of BAC resulted in a higher resistance of the biofilm for S2BAC compared to that in the culture medium without BAC (p < 0.05). This was not observed with the sensitive S2-1 strain. These results suggest that biofilm behavior depends on the strain and sub-inhibitory concentrations of disinfectants and may explain the ability of certain isolates to persist in niches of food processing plantsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lactobacillus plantarum in dual-species biofilms with Listeria monocytogenes enhanced the anti-Listeria activity of commercial disinfectants based on hydrogen peroxide and paracetic acid

Original ResearchThe aim of this work was to investigate the effect of dual-species biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes with Lactobacillus plantarum on the anti-Listeria activity of a hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid based commercial disinfectant (P3, Oxonia) when using conditions approaching the food industry environment. Nine strains of L. monocytogenes, including eight persistent strains collected from the meat industry and one laboratory control strain, were used in mono and in dual-species biofilms with a strain of L. plantarum. Biofilms were produced on stainless steel coupons (SSCs), at 11°C (low temperature) or at 25°C (control temperature), in TSB-YE (control rich medium) or in 1/10 diluted TSB-YE (mimicking the situation of biofilm formation after a deficient industrial cleaning procedure). The biofilm forming ability of the strains was evaluated by enumeration of viable cells, and the antibiofilm activity of P3 was assessed by the log reduction of viable cells on SSC. In both nutrient conditions and at low temperature, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between L. monocytogenes biofilm forming ability in mono- and in dual-species biofilms. In dual-species biofilms, L. monocytogenes was the dominant species. However, it was generally more susceptible to the lower concentration of P3 0.5% (v/v) than in pure culture biofilms. The presence of L. plantarum, although without significant interference in the number of viable cells of L. monocytogenes, enhanced the efficacy of the anti-Listeria activity of P3, since dual-species biofilms were easier to control. The results presented here reinforce the importance of the investigation into co-culture biofilms produced in food industry conditions, namely at low temperatures, when susceptibility to sanitizers is being assessedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nutritional status of children and adolescents at diagnosis of hematological and solid malignancies

Objective: To assess the nutritional status of child and adolescent patients with cancer at diagnosis. Methods: A total of 1154 patients were included and divided into two groups: solid and hematological malignancies. The parameters used for nutritional assessment were weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference, arm muscle circumference, body mass index and percentage weight loss. Results: At diagnosis, below adequate body mass index was observed by anthropometric analysis in 10.85% of the patients – 12.2% in the solid tumor group and 9.52% in the hematologic group. The average weight loss adjusted for a period of 7 days was −2.82% in the hematologic group and −2.9% in the solid tumor group. Conclusions: The prevalence of malnutrition is higher among patients with malignancies than in the general population, even though no difference was observed between the two groups.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL