Multiculturalismo e educação integral: reflexões sobre currículo e identidade

This qualitative work, with a bibliographic approach, aims to reflect on the curricular organization in the proposal of full-time high schools, with an emphasis on discussions of issues related to multiculturalism and identities in the Brazilian school context. Therefore, a study was carried out, based on conceptual and historical perspectives related to multiculturalism, differences, and identities, in relation to the Brazilian context, and more specifically to the school context. A discussion on the full-time curricular organization model is also presented, making a relationship with the issues of multiculturalism. With the study, it was possible to see that multiculturalism and the integrated curriculum contribute to an educational process of valuing different cultures, inserted in the school context.O presente trabalho, de caráter qualitativo, com abordagem bibliográfica, tem como objetivo refletir sobre a organização curricular na proposta das escolas de ensino médio em tempo integral, com ênfase nas discussões de questões relacionadas ao multiculturalismo e às identidades no contexto escolar brasileiro. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo, baseado nas perspectivas conceituais e históricas relacionadas ao multiculturalismo, diferenças e identidades, em relação ao contexto brasileiro como um todo, e mais especificamente ao contexto escolar. E ainda apresentada uma discussão sobre o modelo de organização curricular do tempo integral, fazendo uma relação com as questões do multiculturalismo. Com o estudo, foi possível perceber que o multiculturalismo e o currículo integrado contribuem para um processo educativo de valorização das diversas culturas, inseridas no contexto escolar

O tempo integral na política estadual de Educação do Ceará

The association between education and temporal organization is a topic that has long been the subject of important discussions. In the state school system in Ceará, there is a recent trajectory of full-time secondary education. The Secretariat of Education (SEDUC) has made use of several efforts, whose objective would be to improve the quality of education and teaching with the construction of full time in high school. The objective is to expand educational opportunities, diversifying the offer. In this sense, Law No. 16,287 institutes the full-time high school policy within the scope of the Ceará State Education Network. The proposal would be the structuring of a high school that contemplates all young people and their different life projects. In this direction, each school builds its own full-time project, based on a broad debate with the school community, and in a special way, with students.A associação entre educação e organização temporal é tema que há tempos traz importantes discussões. Na rede estadual de ensino do Ceará, há uma trajetória recente da oferta de ensino médio em tempo integral. A Secretaria de Educação (SEDUC) tem lançado mão de vários esforços, cujo objetivo seria a melhoria da qualidade da educação e do ensino com a construção do tempo integral no ensino médio. O objetivo é ampliar as oportunidades educacionais, diversificando a oferta. Nesse sentido, a Lei n°16.287 Institui a Política de Ensino Médio em Tempo Integral no âmbito da Rede Estadual de Ensino do Ceará. A proposta seria a estruturação de uma escola de ensino médio que contemple a todos os jovens e seus diferentes projetos de vida. Nessa direção, cada escola constrói seu próprio projeto de tempo integral, a partir de um amplo debate com a comunidade escolar, e de modo especial, com os estudantes

Avaliação na educação básica: assimilação e efetivação de resultados na gestão escolar / An analysis of school evaluation in basic education: assimilation and effectiveness of results

O Ministério da Educação - MEC realiza sistematicamente um conjunto de avaliações externas em larga escala, sendo coordenado pelo Inep em colaboração com as secretarias estaduais. Estas pesquisas proporcionam a obtenção de estatísticas das condições de oferta e atendimento do sistema educacional brasileiro, na educação básica, reunindo informações sobre todas as suas etapas e modalidades de ensino, e compondo um quadro detalhado sobre os alunos, os profissionais escolares, os gestores, as turmas e as escolas. Os dados e informações apuradas pela pesquisa subsidiam a operacionalização de importantes políticas públicas, programas governamentais e ações setoriais nas três esferas de governo. Os resultados destes estudos embasaram a criação do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica – IDEB, que mede o desempenho escolar através da avaliação da aprendizagem e fluxo, cuja combinação tem o mérito de equilibrar as duas dimensões do sistema nacional de ensino. Existe uma dificuldade em demonstrar a relação entre desempenho escolar e a qualidade da escola possivelmente porque atributos escolares importantes para a aprendizagem podem não ser mensuráveis pelos métodos tradicionalmente aplicados. Para preencher esta lacuna foi implantado no estado do Ceara um sistema permanente de avaliação que realiza a avaliação externa de cada escola e a realização de avaliações longitudinais. Neste sentido, é necessário analisar em cada escola os resultados dos indicadores de qualidade educacional e do estudo longitudinal das médias de desempenho, bem como a influência dos fatores escolares para identificar as variáveis contextuais que melhor diferenciam o desempenho obtido pelos estudantes das escolas públicas. Aproximando os dados quantitativos com o ponto de vista dos diversos atores da comunidade escolar, será possível correlacionar as contribuições destes dois campos de investigação na busca pelo ensino-aprendizagem de qualidade. Para subsidiar as discussões, adotamos como metodologia a abordagem etnográfica visando integrar os dados quantitativos das avaliações externas e os dados qualitativos do cotidiano escolar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um modelo de organização e planejamento que incorpore, ao cotidiano escolar, os resultados das avaliações externas do âmbito das escolas estaduais em Fortaleza. Visa também, dar subsídios para a criação de uma Comissão Própria de Avaliação – CPA, em cada unidade escolar, que a priori, acreditamos alavancaria os índices e melhoraria a avaliação ensino-aprendizagem.

IMPACTO DE LAS INTERVENCIONES NO FARMACOLÓGICAS EN EL SUENO DE INDIVIDUOS COM ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON - REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA

Objetivos: A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva caracterizada por uma extensa disfunção nos sistemas monoaminérgicos. Ela é marcada pelo aparecimento de sintomas motores e não motores. Dentre esses sintomas, é comum que os pacientes com DP apresentem algum distúrbio do sono, o que pode ocasionar diminuição da qualidade de vida. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, elaborada segundo as recomendações do protocolo PRISMA. Resultados: Foram encontrados 527 trabalhos, dos quais 15 foram eliminados por duplicatas. Os 512 foram submetidos a leitura de título e resumo para a identificação dos critérios de inclusão, resultando em 9 trabalhos para compor a revisão, abordando como intervenções não farmacológicas: acupuntura, eletroacupuntura, yoga, exercício Qigong, estimulação magnética transcraniana repetitiva, estimulação cerebral profunda subtalâmica e intervenção cirúrgica. Conclusões: As intervenções não farmacológicas se apresentam como uma terapêutica complementar que pode colaborar com a minimização da medicalização do tratamento dos distúrbios do sono em pacientes com Parkinson. Entretanto, há poucos estudos que orientem a aplicação sistematizada destas práticas nos indivíduos com Parkinson.Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by extensive dysfunction in monoaminergic systems. It is marked by the appearance of motor and non-motor symptoms. Among these symptoms, it is common for patients with PD to have some kind of sleep disorder, which can lead to a decrease in quality of life. Methods: This is a systematic review of the literature, prepared according to the recommendations of the PRISMA protocol. Results: 527 papers were found, of which 15 were eliminated due to duplicates. The 512 were submitted to reading the title and abstract to identify the inclusion criteria, resulting in 9 works to compose the review, addressing as non-pharmacological interventions: acupuncture, electroacupuncture, yoga, Qigong exercise, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, subthalamic deep brain stimulation and surgical intervention. Conclusions: Non-pharmacological interventions are presented as a complementary therapy that can help minimize the medicalization of the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson's. However, there are few studies that guide the systematic application of these practices in individuals with Parkinson's.  Objetivos: La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa progresiva caracterizada por una extensa disfunción en los sistemas monoaminérgicos. Se caracteriza por la aparición de síntomas motores y no motores. Entre estos síntomas, es común que los pacientes con EP tengan algún tipo de trastorno del sueño, lo que puede llevar a una disminución en la calidad de vida. Métodos: Esta es una revisión sistemática de la literatura, realizada de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del protocolo PRISMA. Resultados: Se encontraron 527 documentos, de los cuales se eliminaron 15 debido a duplicados. Los 512 se sometieron a la lectura del título y resumen para identificar los criterios de inclusión, lo que resultó en 9 trabajos para componer la revisión, que aborda intervenciones no farmacológicas como: acupuntura, electroacupuntura, yoga, ejercicio Qigong, estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva, estimulación cerebral profunda subtalámica y cirugía. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones no farmacológicas se presentan como una terapia complementaria que puede ayudar a minimizar la medicalización del tratamiento de los trastornos del sueño en pacientes con Parkinson. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que orienten la aplicación sistemática de estas prácticas en personas con Parkinson.Objetivos: A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva caracterizada por uma extensa disfunção nos sistemas monoaminérgicos. Ela é marcada pelo aparecimento de sintomas motores e não motores. Dentre esses sintomas, é comum que os pacientes com DP apresentem algum distúrbio do sono, o que pode ocasionar diminuição da qualidade de vida. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, elaborada segundo as recomendações do protocolo PRISMA. Resultados: Foram encontrados 527 trabalhos, dos quais 15 foram eliminados por duplicatas. Os 512 foram submetidos a leitura de título e resumo para a identificação dos critérios de inclusão, resultando em 9 trabalhos para compor a revisão, abordando como intervenções não farmacológicas: acupuntura, eletroacupuntura, yoga, exercício Qigong, estimulação magnética transcraniana repetitiva, estimulação cerebral profunda subtalâmica e intervenção cirúrgica. Conclusões: As intervenções não farmacológicas se apresentam como uma terapêutica complementar que pode colaborar com a minimização da medicalização do tratamento dos distúrbios do sono em pacientes com Parkinson. Entretanto, há poucos estudos que orientem a aplicação sistematizada destas práticas nos indivíduos com Parkinson.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Global variations in heart failure etiology, management, and outcomes

Importance: Most epidemiological studies of heart failure (HF) have been conducted in high-income countries with limited comparable data from middle- or low-income countries. Objective: To examine differences in HF etiology, treatment, and outcomes between groups of countries at different levels of economic development. Design, Setting, and Participants: Multinational HF registry of 23 341 participants in 40 high-income, upper–middle-income, lower–middle-income, and low-income countries, followed up for a median period of 2.0 years. Main Outcomes and Measures: HF cause, HF medication use, hospitalization, and death. Results: Mean (SD) age of participants was 63.1 (14.9) years, and 9119 (39.1%) were female. The most common cause of HF was ischemic heart disease (38.1%) followed by hypertension (20.2%). The proportion of participants with HF with reduced ejection fraction taking the combination of a β-blocker, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist was highest in upper–middle-income (61.9%) and high-income countries (51.1%), and it was lowest in low-income (45.7%) and lower–middle-income countries (39.5%) (P < .001). The age- and sex- standardized mortality rate per 100 person-years was lowest in high-income countries (7.8 [95% CI, 7.5-8.2]), 9.3 (95% CI, 8.8-9.9) in upper–middle-income countries, 15.7 (95% CI, 15.0-16.4) in lower–middle-income countries, and it was highest in low-income countries (19.1 [95% CI, 17.6-20.7]). Hospitalization rates were more frequent than death rates in high-income countries (ratio = 3.8) and in upper–middle-income countries (ratio = 2.4), similar in lower–middle-income countries (ratio = 1.1), and less frequent in low-income countries (ratio = 0.6). The 30-day case-fatality rate after first hospital admission was lowest in high-income countries (6.7%), followed by upper–middle-income countries (9.7%), then lower–middle-income countries (21.1%), and highest in low-income countries (31.6%). The proportional risk of death within 30 days of a first hospital admission was 3- to 5-fold higher in lower–middle-income countries and low-income countries compared with high-income countries after adjusting for patient characteristics and use of long-term HF therapies. Conclusions and Relevance: This study of HF patients from 40 different countries and derived from 4 different economic levels demonstrated differences in HF etiologies, management, and outcomes. These data may be useful in planning approaches to improve HF prevention and treatment globally