The rule of academic commercialization: The Bayh Dole Act in Iran and USA

Purpose- Just before the approval of the Bayh dole Act, universities and colleges in the United States of America were used to be associations with the main aim focused on research and education and they could not imagine taking other missions. The approval of this act gave universities the right to submit and take advantage of their research results and academic achievements as intellectual properties which were done by governmental budget. Still over fifty years the Bayh dole Act is considered as the most inspiring act and significant factor in salient development of innovation and its consequent national productivity in the 1990s economy of America. With the encouraging economic and financial outcomes, many other countries like Iran got enthusiastic to authorize and implement the same act. Although Islamic Republic of Iran with developing economy has approved similar academic commercialization rules, they were not successful in practice. Consequently they could not result to similar effects of the Bayh dole Act such as the mutation in development of academic innovation or the commercialization of knowledge base products in universities and, apparently they could not even increase the transfer technology offices (TTO) or the number of university patents and products either. Design/methodology/approach- This article first introduces the background and the contexts of the Bayh dole passage in America and then explains the Act‟s main outcomes in America‟s innovation and academic commercialization system. Also it takes a brief look at the similar rules and regulations in other countries including Singapore, China and India. Findings- Moreover, this article contains the comparative study of these regulations and related acts in other countries, especially in America, and their similarities and differences. Finally, by interviewing the Iranian inventers and experts, the defect of internal acts, factors and reasons of their disappointed implementation are illustrated. Research paper Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Khosravi, S., Ahmadi, M., Barazandeh, M. (2014). “The rule of academic commercialization: The Bayh Dole Act in Iran and USA”, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 10–25

A Transfer Learning Approach for UAV Path Design with Connectivity Outage Constraint

The connectivity-aware path design is crucial in the effective deployment of autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have become the popular approach to solving this type of complex problem, but RL algorithms suffer slow convergence. In this paper, we propose a Transfer Learning (TL) approach, where we use a teacher policy previously trained in an old domain to boost the path learning of the agent in the new domain. As the exploration processes and the training continue, the agent refines the path design in the new domain based on the subsequent interactions with the environment. We evaluate our approach considering an old domain at sub-6 GHz and a new domain at millimeter Wave (mmWave). The teacher path policy, previously trained at sub-6 GHz path, is the solution to a connectivity-aware path problem that we formulate as a constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP). We employ a Lyapunov-based model-free Deep Q-Network (DQN) to solve the path design at sub-6 GHz that guarantees connectivity constraint satisfaction. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for different urban environment scenarios. The results demonstrate that our proposed approach is capable of reducing the training time considerably at mmWave.Comment: 14 pages,8 figures, journal pape

Anthropometric indices associated with dyslipidemia in obese children and adolescents: a retrospective study in isfahan

<p class="abstract"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Central obesity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Preventive interventions from childhood are necessary due to the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WSR) are anthropometric indices for measurement of obesity. This study aimed to assess the association between these anthropometric indices and dyslipidemia in obese children and adolescents.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; METHODS:</strong><strong> </strong>This retrospective study was done on the records of 2064 obese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years at the obesity clinic, in Isfahan Cardiovascular Research center. Age, gender, weight, height, WC, hip circumference (HC), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), Fasting blood sugar (FBS), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were taken from patients&rsquo; record. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS:</strong> 2064 girls and boys aged 6-18 years were divided into 3 age groups of 6-9.9 years, 10-13.9 years and 14-18 years. Prevalence of high LDL-C, TC, TG, FBS, SBP, DBP and low HDL-C was higher among the boys compared to the girls. There was a significant association between TC, LDL-C, TG and FBS with BMI, WC, WHR and WSR. However, no significant correlation was seen between HDL-C and the four anthropometric indices.<strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p class="abstract"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Our study showed a significant correlation between BMI, WC and WSR with high levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in children and adolescents. Correlation between WHR and dyslipidemia in this study was significant but its predictive value was weaker than other three indices.</p> <p class="abstract">&nbsp;</p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td width="35" height="12"><br /></td></tr> <tr><td><br /></td> <td>&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table> &nbsp; <strong>Keywords:</strong> Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Waist to Hip Ratio, Waist to Height Ratio, Dyslipidemia, Children, Adolescents

General dental practitioners' Knowledge and practice about the oral hygiene instruction to denture wearers

زمینه و اهداف:&nbsp;در آموزش و انگیزش بیماران بی‌دندان در مورد رعایت بهداشت دست دندان، دندانپزشکان نقش مهمی دارند. از این رو مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی آگاهی و عملکرد دندانپزشکان عمومی در خصوص ارائه‌ی آموزش‌های مربوط به رعایت بهداشت و نگهداری دست دندان به بیماران بی‌دندان انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی بر روی دندانپزشکان عمومی شهر یزد که درمان پروتز کامل انجام می‌دادند در سال ۱۳۹۹ انجام شد. در مطالعه، از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده گردید که روایی پرسشنامه توسط پنل خبرگان تایید شد و پایایی پرسشنامه با آلفای کرونباخ برای سوالات آگاهی معادل 8/0 و عملکرد 7/0 تایید شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS17 و آزمون‌‌های آماری T-test و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تجزیه و تحلیل شد. همچنین ملاحظات اخلاقی در تمام مراحل اجرای مطالعه رعایت شد. یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه 130 دندانپزشک عمومی با میانگین سنی 87/7 ±32/34 سال و میانگین سابقه کاری 04/7 ±67/8 شرکت نمودند. میانگین نمره آگاهی دندانپزشکان مورد بررسی 11/2 ±49/11 از 18 نمره بود. ارتباط آماری معنا‌داری بین میانگین نمره‌ی آگاهی با سن، جنسیت و سابقه کار دندانپزشکان وجود داشت (05/0&gt;P- value). تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری در عملکرد دندانپزشکان بر حسب میانگین سن و سابقه کار، جنسیت و همچنین شرکت در بازآموزی مرتبط مشاهده نشد (05/ 0&lt;P-value). نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به محدودیت‌های مطالعه، نتایج نشان داد، میزان آگاهی دندانپزشکان در مورد آموزش بهداشت دست دندان به بیماران متوسط بوده، آگاهی دندانپزشکان جوان‌تر با سابقه کار کمتر بیشتر از سایر دندانپزشکان بود؛ ولی عملکرد اکثر دندانپزشکان در حد مطلوب بود.Background and Aims: Drug compounds, including acetaminophen, enter the environment through urban and industrial wastewater. The presence of these substances in very small amounts causes adverse effects on health. The goal of this research is to investigate of acetaminophen removal from aqueous solution by batch proxy electrochemical reactor with using zinc-copper electrode and hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: This study is a laboratory experimental research. Water sample containing acetaminophen was prepared and removal efficiency in different conditions of variables pH (4-8), c reaction time (30-90 min), concentration of acetaminophen (50-200 mg/L), current density (3-9 mA/cm2), and concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.5-1.5 mg/L) were studied. Acetaminophen was determined by high performance liquid chromatography at 360. Ethical considerations were observed at all stages of the study. Results: In electrochemical reactor, the removal rate of 50 mg/L acetaminophen was obtained in the optimal conditions of 2 cm distance between electrodes, 9 mA/cm2 electric current density, 30 minutes electrolysis time, and pH equal to 4, 63%. In proxy electrochemical reactor, the amount of acetaminophen removal at a concentration of 1.5 mg/L hydrogen peroxide, 9 mA/cm2 electric current density, 30 minutes time reaction, an optimal pH equal to 4, and 50 mg/L acetaminophen concentration was obtained 100%. Conclusion: Based on these results, the peroxy electrochemical method, as a promising and environmentally friendly advanced oxidation technology, is effective in removing acetaminophen from aqueous solutions and the process implementation conditions are more cost-effective compared to electrochemical method

Dynamic time warping-based transfer learning for improving common spatial patterns in brain-computer interface

Objective. Common spatial patterns (CSP) is a prominent feature extraction algorithm in motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, CSP is computed using sample-based covariance-matrix estimation. Hence, its performance deteriorates if the number of training trials is small. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel regularized covariance matrix estimation framework for CSP (i.e. DTW-RCSP) based on dynamic time warping (DTW) and transfer learning. Approach. The proposed framework combines the subject-specific covariance matrix (Σss) estimated using the few available trials from the new subject, with a novelDTW-based transferred covariance matrix (ΣDTW) estimated using previous subjects' trials. In the proposedΣDTW, the available labelled trials from the previous subjects are temporally aligned to the average of the few available trials of the new subject from the same class using DTW. This alignment aims to reduce temporal variations and non-stationarities between previous subjects trials and the available few trials from the new subjects. Moreover, to tackle the problem of regularization parameter selection when only few trials are available for training, an online method is proposed, where the best regularization parameter is selected based on the confidence scores of the trained classifier on upcoming first few labelled testing trials. Main results. The proposed framework is evaluated on two datasets against two baseline algorithms. The obtained results reveal that DTW-RCSP significantly outperformed the baseline algorithms at various testing scenarios, particularly, when only a few trials are available for training. Significance. Impressively, our results show that successful BCI interactions could be achieved with a calibration session as small as only one trial per class

Comparando inteligência espiritual e inteligência emocional de enfermeiros gerentes com o comprometimento de enfermeiros da Universidade Yasuj de ciências médicas

Aim and literature: Nowadays, nursing is considered as one of the important occupations in the field of healthcare which also includes an important and great part of the population who are working in the field of treatment apart from its key importance. Therefore, the main aim of the present study is comparing spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence of nurse managers with commitment of nurses of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences.The present study is an applied and analytical research that was conducted in 1396 periodically. The statistical population of this study included the nurses of hospitals of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. They were 740 persons at the time of study. The sample size was 253 persons which were selected by a stratified- randomized method and Cochran formula. The standard questionnaire was used for gathering information. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed. Indexes such as mean and standard deviation,&nbsp;Multivariable Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) Pearson correlative coefficient and hierarchical analysis regression using SPSS 22.0 software of two parts of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data.results showed that emotional intelligence is prioritized while comparing spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence of nurse managers and there is a significant difference between the control component of emotions and feelings. The results also show that spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence have a positive and significant effect on nursing commitment.The results showed that spiritual and emotional intelligence could be an important factor in increasing nurses' commitment and increasing their job satisfaction consequently which necessitates nurses to be in a care and healthy environment.Objetivo y literatura: Hoy en día, la enfermería se considera una de las ocupaciones importantes en el campo de la salud, que también incluye a una parte importante y grande de la población que trabaja en el campo del tratamiento, además de su importancia clave. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal del presente estudio es comparar la inteligencia espiritual y la inteligencia emocional de los gerentes de enfermería con el compromiso de las enfermeras de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Yasuj.El presente estudio es una investigación aplicada y analítica que se realizó en 1396 periódicamente. La población estadística de este estudio incluyó a las enfermeras de los hospitales de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Yasuj. Eran 740 personas en el momento del estudio. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 253 personas, que se seleccionaron mediante un método estratificado aleatorizado y fórmula de Cochran. El cuestionario estándar se usó para recopilar información. La validez y fiabilidad de este&nbsp;cuestionario fue confirmada. Índices tales como media y desviación estándar, Análisis de varianza multivariable (MANOVA), coeficiente correlativo de Pearson y regresión de análisis jerárquico utilizando el software SPSS 22.0 de dos partes de estadística descriptiva y estadística inferencial se utilizaron para analizar los datos.los resultados mostraron que se prioriza la inteligencia emocional al comparar la inteligencia espiritual y la inteligencia emocional de los gerentes de enfermería, y existe una diferencia significativa entre el componente de control de las emociones y los sentimientos. Los resultados también muestran que la inteligencia espiritual y la inteligencia emocional tienen un efecto positivo y significativo en el compromiso de enfermería.Los resultados mostraron que la inteligencia espiritual y emocional podría ser un factor importante para aumentar el compromiso de las enfermeras y aumentar su satisfacción laboral, lo que exige que las enfermeras se encuentren en un entorno cuidado y saludable.Objectivo e literatura: Hoje, a enfermagem é considerada uma das principais ocupações no campo da saúde, que inclui também uma parte importante e grande da população que trabalha no campo do tratamento, além de sua importância fundamental. Portanto, o principal objetivo deste estudo é comparar a inteligência espiritual e inteligência emocional dos gerentes de enfermagem com o compromisso dos enfermeiros na Universidade de Ciências Médicas Yasuj.O presente estudo é uma pesquisa aplicada e analítico realizado regularmente em 1396. A população estatística deste estudo incluiu enfermeiros de hospitais de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Yasuj. Havia 740 pessoas no momento do estudo. O tamanho da amostra foi de 253 pessoas que foram escolhidos pelo método randomizado estratificada fórmula Cochran. O questionário padrão foi usado para coletar informações. A validade e confiabilidade deste questionário foram confirmadas. Índices, tais como média e desvio padrão, análise multivariada de variância (MANOVA), correlativo Pearson e regressão análise hierárquica utilizando SPSS 22.0 partes de duas estatística descritiva e estatística inferencial de software foram usadas para analisar os dados.Os resultados mostraram que a inteligência emocional quando se comparam inteligência espiritual e inteligência emocional dos gerentes de enfermagem é priorizada, e há uma diferença significativa entre o componente de emoções e sentimentos de controle. Os resultados também mostram que a inteligência espiritual e inteligência emocional têm um efeito positivo e significativo sobre o compromisso de enfermagem.Os resultados mostraram que a inteligência espiritual e emocional poderia ser um grande compromisso de aumentar enfermeiros e aumentar o seu fator de satisfação com o trabalho, o que exige que os enfermeiros estão em um ambiente de carinho e saudável

Organizational Climate of the COVID-19 Intensive Care Units: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study

Introduction: To manage the psychological consequences of providing services in the COVID-19 intensive care units (ICUs), it is necessary to identify the experience of nurses from the organizational climate. The current study was conducted to explain the nurses’ experience of the organizational climate of the COVID-19 ICUs. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in three teaching hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 17 individual and semi-structured interviews with 12 nurses working in three selected COVID-19 centers were included in the data analysis. The participants were selected by purposive sampling and interviewed in one or more sessions at a suitable time and place. Interviews lasted for 45 to 90 minutes and continued with conventional content analysis until data saturation. Data analysis was done using conventional content analysis of Graham and Leideman model. Guba and Lincoln criteria (including validity, transferability, consistency, and reliability) were used to ensure reliability and accuracy. Results: The results of data analysis were classified into 82 primary concept codes and 10 sub-categories in the form of 3 categories: "positive climate of attachment and professional commitment", "emotional resonance in the work environment" and "supportive environment of the organization". Conclusion: This study led to the identification of nurses’ experiences of the organizational climate during the COVID-19 which provides appropriate information to nursing managers to create a favorable organizational climate and increase the quality of work-life of nurses

T he Effectiveness of Group Counseling with Emphasis on Communication Skills on Midwifery Students' Sense of Belonging in Clinical Settings

Background: It seems that by improvement of communication skills among midwifery students, their sense of belonging in medical setting increases. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of group counseling with emphasis on communication skills on midwifery students’ sense of belonging in clinical settings. Methods: This interventional study with the pretest-posttest control group design was conducted on 78 midwifery students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, in 2016. The participants were selected using the census method. Of the total study population, sixty students with low level of mental health were screened using Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire and randomly included in an intervention and a control group. They filled out Belongingness Scale–Clinical Placement Experience (BES–CPE) as the pretest. The intervention consisted of eight group counseling sessions (two 2-hour sessions per week) with emphasis on communication skills that were held in their faculty. The final sample included well as fifty two students filling out the posttest instruments. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of demographic factors between two groups. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of total score (P<0.0001) as the self-esteem and self-efficacy subscales (p<0.05). Conclusion: Sense of belonging in clinical settings is required for midwifery students so that they can improve their communicaton skills in such settings. Therefore, it is recommended to include programs in midwifery curricula in order to improve students’ sense of belonging by enhancing their communication skills. Keywords: Counseling, Belonging, Communication, Clinical, Midwifery, Student

Bilateral Pulmonary Artery, Inferior Vena Cava, and Cardiac Echinococcosis: A Rare Presentation of Zoonotic Diseases

Introduction:Cystic hydatidosis is a zoonoticdisease thatis mostly observedin the Mediterranean region. This infectious disease may present throughdifferent manifestations that may delay the diagnosis and cause various complications for the patients. Most of the cases are usually diagnosed by imaging studies and the related management could be medical or surgical depending on the patient’s clinical condition and disease severity. Case presentation:In the present report, we present the case ofa 50-year-old female patient with a positive history of liver and splenichydatid cysts with hemoptysis and dyspnea. The diagnosis of pulmonary and cardiac involvement wasmade usingcomputed tomography angiography. Despite the immediate surgery, the patient died from hemorrhage after 3 days. Conclusion:Themanagement of pulmonary embolism due to Echinococcus highly depends on the clinical judgment and the outcomes are subject to the history and extent of the involvement