College Choice Mechanism: The Respect of the Vagueness of Choices

Taking as a starting point the theory of matching applied in the case of a problem of college admissions, where one is interested only to strict preference profiles for students and colleges, a part of the literature has been oriented towards profiles of priorities for colleges. In this paper we will assume that students have also their own priorities to which is associated some 'fuzzy'. This vagueness designates the preference of an individual (resp. college) for a college relative to parameters that characterize the latter one (resp. individual). Thus, we talk about fuzzy priorities. Our purpose is to analyze this aspect and to propose a real-life mechanism which will take into consideration the fuzzy priority profiles of both students and colleges, in order to achieve the best possible matching that is stable, strategy-proof, Pareto efficient and fair.Education, Priorities, Preferences, Fuzzy, Algorithm, Matching

Le portrait de Che Guevara

Frédéric Maguet, Le portrait de Che Guevara. Comment la parole vient à l’icône – Depuis plus de quarante ans, le portrait de Che Guevara au béret étoilé a été une image très largement reproduite dans les contextes les plus divers, du militantisme politique à l’industrie du design. La perspective retenue ici est celle de sa réception en France et en Europe. Dès la mort du Che en 1967, ce portrait est massivement diffusé dans l’espace public et devint un symbole de la rébellion en général, disponible pour des interprétations contradictoires et des utilisations inattendues. En 2000, l’auteur de la photographie se révèle au grand public. Dès lors, l’image est brusquement réinvestie par un nouveau discours qui impulse une réorientation à sa signification globale. Cette histoire complexe décrit le parcours d’un portrait exceptionnel, qui tranche radicalement avec toutes les photographies « ordinaires » de Che Guevara. L’écart entre une image singulière et une série pose le problème de ce que l’on peut nommer la « ressemblance » lorsqu’on évoque l’image d’un grand homme.For more than forty years, the picture of Che Guevara wearing his starred beret has been reproduced and deployed in contexts ranging from political activism to the design industry. Here we look at the image’s reception in France and in Europe more widely. Immediately after Che Guevara’s death in 1967, the picture was disseminated throughout the public sphere, becoming a generalised symbol of rebellion, open to contradictory interpretations and put to unexpected uses. In 2000, the photographer made himself known to the wider public. From then on, the image was caught up in a new discourse that reoriented its wider meaning. This complex history describes the trajectory of an exceptional portrait which forms a radical contrast with other “ordinary” photographs of Che Guevara. In the case of a great man, the gap between a particular image and a series of them raises the problem of what one might call “likeness”

L’avenir en point de mire

Les coordinateurs de cet opuscule, Nicolas Delalande et Yvan Jablonka, dessinent leur projet éditorial au travers de cette de maxime : « imaginer les formes de l’avenir à partir des doutes du présent ». Sage précaution – nous y reviendrons – car le besoin d’explorer l’avenir semble avoir constitué une caractéristique intrinsèque à l’espèce humaine depuis qu’elle existe, disons environ cinquante mille ans. S’il est plus aléatoire d’en trouver des preuves tangibles chez homo sapiens – bien qu’i..

Remodelación del Estadio San Mamés, Bilbao

Not available.El proyecto de remodelación del Estadio de San Mamés, incluía la renovación total de las Tribunas Norte y Sur con su cobertura, el graderío inferior de la Tribuna Este y la sustitución de apoyos del Arco de sustentación de la cubierta de la Tribuna Oeste

Insufficient access to harm reduction measures in prisons in 5 countries (PRIDE Europe): a shared European public health concern

Background: Prisoners constitute a high-risk population, particularly for infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the level of infectious risk in the prisons of five different European countries by measuring to what extent the prison system adheres to WHO/UNODC recommendations. Methods: Following the methodology used in a previous French survey, a postal/electronic questionnaire was sent to all prisons in Austria, Belgium, Denmark and Italy to collect data on the availability of several recommended HIV-HCV prevention interventions and HBV vaccination for prisoners. A score was built to compare adherence to WHO/UNODC recommendations (considered a proxy of environmental infectious risk) in those 4 countries. It ranged from 0 (no adherence) to 12 (full adherence). A second score (0 to 9) was built to include data from a previous French survey, thereby creating a 5-country comparison. Results: A majority of prisons answered in Austria (100 %), France (66 %) and Denmark (58 %), half in Belgium (50 %) and few in Italy (17 %), representing 100, 74, 89, 47 and 23 % coverage of the prison populations, respectively. Availability of prevention measures was low, with median adherence scores ranging from 3.5 to 4.5 at the national level. These results were confirmed when using the second score which included France in the inter-country comparison. Overall, the adherence score was inversely associated with prison overpopulation rates (p = 0.08). Conclusions: Using a score of adherence to WHO/UNODC recommendations, the estimated environmental infectious risk remains extremely high in the prisons of the 5 European countries assessed. Public health strategies should be adjusted to comply with the principle of equivalence of care and prevention with the general community

Fiche technique : Anthonome du pommier en AB

Le contrôle des ravageurs dits secondaires pré-occupe de plus en plus les arboriculteurs. La plus grande sélectivité des méthodes de protection phytosanitaire utilisées explique en partie l’augmentation de leur présence. Dans le contexte phytosanitaire actuel, il est primordial de caractériser les risques et d’identifier les solutions disponibles pour contrôler ces ravageurs.L’anthonome du pommier est un ravageur dont l’intensité des dégâts en verger a augmenté au cours des dernières décennies dans de nombreuses régions en Europe. Plusieurs travaux rapportent une intensité des dégâts pouvant atteindre 90%, remettant en cause la rentabilité économique à moyen terme de la culture

Limited access to HIV prevention in French prisons (ANRS PRI2DE): implications for public health and drug policy

International audienceABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Overpopulation, poor hygiene and disease prevention conditions in prisons are major structural determinants of increased infectious risk within prison settings but evidence-based national and WHO guidelines provide clear indications on how to reduce this risk. We sought to estimate the level of infectious risk by measuring how French prisons adhere to national and WHO guidelines. METHODS: A nationwide survey targeting the heads of medical (all French prisons) and psychiatric (26 French prisons) units was conducted using a postal questionnaire and a phone interview mainly focusing on access to prevention interventions, i.e. bleach, opioid substitution treatment (OST), HBV vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for French prisoners. Two scores were built reflecting adherence to national and WHO international guidelines, ranging from 0 (no adherence) to 10 (maximum adherence) and 0 to 9 respectively. RESULTS: A majority (N=113 (66%)) of the 171 prisons answered the questionnaires, representing 74% coverage (46,786 prisoners) of the French prison population: 108 were medical units and 12 were psychiatric units. Inmate access to prevention was poor. The median[IQR] score measuring adherence to national guidelines was quite low (4.5[2.5; 5.5]) but adherence to WHO guidelines was even lower 2.5[1.5; 3.5]; PEP was absent despite reported risky practices. Unsuitable OST delivery practices were frequently observed. CONCLUSIONS: A wide gap exists between HIV prevention policies and their application in prisons. Similar assessments in other countries may be needed to guide a global policy reform in prison settings. Adequate funding together with innovative interventions able to remove structural and ideological barriers to HIV prevention are now needed to motivate those in charge of prison health, to improve their working environment and to relieve French prisoners from their currently debilitating conditions

Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd

Feasibility and reliability of frailty assessment in the critically ill: a systematic review

Background. For healthcare systems, an ageing population poses challenges in the delivery of equitable and effective care. Frailty assessment has the potential to improve care in the intensive care setting, but applying assessment tools in critical illness may be problematic. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate evidence for the feasibility and reliability of frailty assessment in critical care. Methods. Our primary search was conducted in Medline, Medline In-process, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science (January 2001 to October 2017). We included observational studies reporting data on feasibility and reliability of frailty assessment in critical care setting in patients 16 years and older. Feasibility was assessed in terms of timing of evaluation, the background, training and expertise required for assessors, and reliance upon proxy input. Reliability was assessed in terms of inter-rater reliability. Results. Data from 11 study publications are included, representing eight study cohorts and 7761 patients. Proxy involvement in frailty assessment ranged from 58- 100%. Feasibility data were not well-reported overall, but the exclusion rate due to lack of proxy availability ranged from 0 to 45%, the highest rate observed where family involvement was mandatory and the assessment tool relatively complex (Frailty Index, FI). Conventional elements of Frailty Phenotype (FP) assessment required modification prior to use in two studies. Clinical staff tended to use a simple judgement-based tool, the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Inter-rater reliability was reported in one study using the CFS and although a good level of agreement was observed between clinician assessments, this was a small and single centre study. Conclusion. Though of unproven reliability in the critically ill, CFS was the tool used most widely by critical care clinical staff. Conventional FP assessment required modification for general application in critical care, and a FI-based assessment may be difficult to deliver by the critical care team on a routine basis. There is a high reliance on proxies for frailty assessment, and the reliability of frailty assessment tools in critical care needs further evaluation. PROSPERO CRD42016052073