The effect of modeling lateral stiffness of pile foundations on numerical analyses of structural frames

Nowadays in Finland, there is an increasing interest in relying on the lateral resistance of pile foundation with less usage of raking piles. However, there is a current lack of understanding of soil-structure interaction and the cooperation between structural and geotechnical engineers is ineffective, which makes it difficult to fully rely on the current results. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the effects of modeling lateral stiffness of pile foundation on structural stability analysis. Additionally, a general overview of soil-structure interaction and a suggestion of improved cooperation between the two engineering fields are provided in this work. The analysis was carried out on a building frame with four different lateral stiffness models on the foundation, the goal was to measure the response of the building frame to the models. The results show that the deformations of the building and foundation as well as the load distribution on the foundation and on the load bearing structure were sensible to the stiffness of the foundation. It has been concluded from the results that it is important to have a precise lateral stiffness model in order to have a more realistic load distribution on the load bearing structure, and that soil analysis should be carried out accordingly to the deformations obtained on the structural stability analysis. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to reinforce the cooperation between structural and geotechnical engineers in the exchange of information and the check of results throughout the design process. By doing this, both soil and structural analysis can be carried out with more precision and reliability of results can be increased

Análise comparativa de diferentes métodos de cálculo para escadas de concreto armado

Artigo submetido ao Curso de Engenharia Civil da UNESC - como requisito parcial para obtenção do Título de Engenheiro Civil.O dimensionamento de escadas de concreto armado armadas longitudinalmente tradicionalmente é simplificado e considera o elemento como lajes bi apoiadas inclinadas, apresentando como resultado armadura principal de flexão na face inferior. Com o advento de softwares que possibilitam o cálculo de escadas juntamente com a estrutura, observa-se um detalhamento diferenciado na armação de flexão. A fim de avaliar e comparar diferentes modos de cálculo de escadas, adotou-se uma escada de concreto armado a qual foi dimensionada pelo modelo manual simplificado, por dois softwares de cálculo estrutural e pelo modelo manual obtendo os esforços com o SAP2000. Como resultado, observou-se que o modelo manual simplificado foi o mais vantajoso no quesito consumo de aço, sendo o mesmo validado pelas análises de esforços realizadas com o SAP2000. A armadura extra presente no detalhamento feito pelos softwares de cálculo estrutural é proveniente de uma análise completa do elemento escada, que gera armaduras necessárias para combate a outros esforços além dos momentos fletores. Com os resultados obtidos, é seguro afirmar que o modelo de cálculo utilizado e as considerações adotadas no mesmo podem alterar significantemente o resultado final, e estas decisões são de inteira responsabilidade do engenheiro calculista

ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE CÁLCULO PARA ESCADAS DE CONCRETO ARMADO

O dimensionamento de escadas de concreto armado armadas longitudinalmente, tradicionalmente é simplificado e considera o elemento como lajes bi apoiadas inclinadas, apresentando como resultado armadura principal de flexão na face inferior. Com o advento de softwares que possibilitam o cálculo de escadas juntamente com a estrutura, observou-se um detalhamento diferenciado na armação de flexão. Este trabalho visa analisar os diferentes modos de cálculo de escadas por meio de um estudo comparativo entre o dimensionamento realizado pelo modelo manual utilizando dois softwares de cálculo estrutural (CYPECAD e Eberick) e pelo modelo manual obtendo os esforços através do software SAP2000. Como resultado, observa-se que o modelo manual simplificado foi o melhor no quesito consumo de aço, sendo o mesmo validado pelas análises de esforços realizadas com o SAP2000. A armadura extra presente no detalhamento feito pelos softwares é proveniente de uma análise completa do elemento escada, que gera armaduras necessárias para combate a outros esforços além dos momentos fletores. Com os resultados obtidos é seguro dizer que o modelo de cálculo utilizado e as considerações adotadas no mesmo podem alterar significantemente o resultado final, e estas decisões são de inteira responsabilidade do engenheiro calculista

Many Labs 5:Testing pre-data collection peer review as an intervention to increase replicability

Replication studies in psychological science sometimes fail to reproduce prior findings. If these studies use methods that are unfaithful to the original study or ineffective in eliciting the phenomenon of interest, then a failure to replicate may be a failure of the protocol rather than a challenge to the original finding. Formal pre-data-collection peer review by experts may address shortcomings and increase replicability rates. We selected 10 replication studies from the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P; Open Science Collaboration, 2015) for which the original authors had expressed concerns about the replication designs before data collection; only one of these studies had yielded a statistically significant effect (p < .05). Commenters suggested that lack of adherence to expert review and low-powered tests were the reasons that most of these RP:P studies failed to replicate the original effects. We revised the replication protocols and received formal peer review prior to conducting new replication studies. We administered the RP:P and revised protocols in multiple laboratories (median number of laboratories per original study = 6.5, range = 3?9; median total sample = 1,279.5, range = 276?3,512) for high-powered tests of each original finding with both protocols. Overall, following the preregistered analysis plan, we found that the revised protocols produced effect sizes similar to those of the RP:P protocols (?r = .002 or .014, depending on analytic approach). The median effect size for the revised protocols (r = .05) was similar to that of the RP:P protocols (r = .04) and the original RP:P replications (r = .11), and smaller than that of the original studies (r = .37). Analysis of the cumulative evidence across the original studies and the corresponding three replication attempts provided very precise estimates of the 10 tested effects and indicated that their effect sizes (median r = .07, range = .00?.15) were 78% smaller, on average, than the original effect sizes (median r = .37, range = .19?.50)

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008–11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003–13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 × 10−10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 × 10−8 DHFR p=8·37 × 10−7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 × 10−9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 × 10−4 DHFR p=8·45 × 10−4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 × 10−3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 × 10−8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16–0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06–0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation

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Resumos concluídos - História

Resumos concluídos - Históri