1,123 research outputs found
Charge Fractionalization on Quantum Hall Edges
We discuss the propagation and fractionalization of localized charges on the
edges of quantum Hall bars of variable widths, where interactions between the
edges give rise to Luttinger liquid behavior with a non-trivial interaction
parameter g. We focus in particular on the separation of an initial charge
pulse into a sharply defined front charge and a broader tail. The front pulse
describes an adiabatically dressed electron which carries a non-integer charge,
which is \sqrt{g} times the electron charge. We discuss how the presence of
this fractional charge can, in principle, be detected through measurements of
the noise in the current created by tunneling of electrons into the system. The
results are illustrated by numerical simulations of a simplified model of the
Hall bar.Comment: 15 page
The active metabolite of leflunomide, A77 1726, increases proliferation of human synovial fibroblasts in presence of IL-1β and TNF-α
Abstract.: Objective and design: Excessive synovial fibroblast (SF) proliferation is detrimental in rheumatoid arthritis. We therefore sought to determine the effects of A77 1726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, on SF proliferation. Methods: Human SFs were used. Cell proliferation was investigated using MTS assay, by 3H-thymidine incorporation and cell counts. Results: Whereas A77 1726 alone had no effects, it significantly increased the mitogenic effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Cyclooxygenase inhibition might be at least partly involved, since indomethacin displayed similar effects, and since prostaglandin E2 inhibited SF proliferation. In contrast, the effect of A77 1726 did not appear to be mediated through depletion of the pyrimidine pool or inhibition of tyrosine kinases. Conclusion: A77 1726 displays proliferative effects in presence of IL-1β and TNF-α. Further elucidation of involved mechanisms may prove useful for the utilization of leflunomide, the development of related compounds or elaboration of new therapeutic strategie
Detecting rare gene transfer events in bacterial populations
This Document is Protected by copyright and was first published by Frontiers. All rights reserved. it is reproduced with permissio
Incompressible Quantum Liquids and New Conservation Laws
In this letter we investigate a class of Hamiltonians which, in addition to
the usual center-of-mass (CM) momentum conservation, also have center-of-mass
position conservation. We find that regardless of the particle statistics, the
energy spectrum is at least q-fold degenerate when the filling factor is ,
where and are coprime integers. Interestingly the simplest Hamiltonian
respecting this type of symmetry encapsulates two prominent examples of novel
states of matter, namely the fractional quantum Hall liquid and the quantum
dimer liquid. We discuss the relevance of this class of Hamiltonian to the
search for featureless Mott insulators.Comment: updated version, to be published by PR
Tests and foreseen developments of fibered-OSLD gamma heating measurements in low-power reactors
International audienceIn this paper are presented test measurements of a fibered-OSLD system performed during a dedicated experimental phase in EOLE zero-power reactor. The measurement setup consists of an OSLD crystal connected onto the extremity of an optical fiber and a laser stimulation system, manufactured by the CEA/LIST in Saclay. The OSL sensor is remotely stimulated via an optical fiber using a diode-pumped solid-state laser. The OSL light is collected and guided back along the same fiber to a photomultiplier tube. Results obtained using this system are compared to usual gamma heating measurement protocol using OSLD pellets. The presence of induced radio-luminescence in the OSLD during the irradiation was also observed and could be used to monitor the gamma flux.The feasibility of remote measurements is achieved, whereas further developments could be conducted to improve this technique since the readout procedure still requires to withdraw the OSLD off the gamma flux (hence from the core) on account of the dose rate (around a few Gy.h-1), and the readout time remains quite long for on-line applications. Several improvements are foreseen, and will be tested in the forthcoming years
Level 0 trigger decision unit for the LHCb experiment
The Level-0 Decision Unit (L0DU) is the central part of the first trigger level of the LHCb detector. The L0DU receives information from the Calorimeter, Muon and Pile-Up sub-triggers, with fixed latencies, at 40 MHz via 24 high speed optical fiber links running at 1.6 Gb/s. The L0DU performs simple physics algorithm to compute the decision in order to reduce the data flow down to 1 MHz for the next trigger level and a L0Block is constructed. The processing is implemented in FPGA using a 40 MHz synchronous pipelined architecture. The algorithm can be easily configured with the Experiment Control System (ECS) without FPGA reprogramming. The L0DU is a 16 layer custom board
Algebra of Observables for Identical Particles in One Dimension
The algebra of observables for identical particles on a line is formulated
starting from postulated basic commutation relations. A realization of this
algebra in the Calogero model was previously known. New realizations are
presented here in terms of differentiation operators and in terms of
SU(N)-invariant observables of the Hermitian matrix models. Some particular
structure properties of the algebra are briefly discussed.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, uses epsf, 1 eps figure include
Evaluating the capacity of human gut microorganisms to colonize the zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio)
Indexación: Scopus.In this study we evaluated if zebrafish larvae can be colonized by human gut microorganisms. We tested two strategies: (1) through transplantation of a human fecal microbiota and (2) by successively transplanting aerotolerant anaerobic microorganisms, similar to the colonization in the human intestine during early life. We used conventionally raised zebrafish larvae harboring their own aerobic microbiota to improve the colonization of anaerobic microorganisms. The results showed with the fecal transplant, that some members of the human gut microbiota were transferred to larvae. Bacillus, Roseburia, Prevotella, Oscillospira, one unclassified genus of the family Ruminococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 3 days post fertilization (dpf) larvae; however only Bacillus persisted to 7 dpf. Successive inoculation of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Clostridioides did not improve their colonization, compared to individual inoculation of each bacterial species. Interestingly, the sporulating bacteria Bacillus clausii and Clostridioides difficile were the most persistent microorganisms. Their endospores persisted at least 5 days after inoculating 3 dpf larvae. However, when 5 dpf larvae were inoculated, the proportion of vegetative cells in larvae increased, revealing proliferation of the inoculated bacteria and better colonization of the host. In conclusion, these results suggest that it is feasible to colonize zebrafish larvae with some human bacteria, such as C. difficile and Bacillus and open an interesting area to study interactions between these microorganisms and the host. © 2018 Valenzuela, Caruffo, Herrera, Medina, Coronado, Feijóo, Muñoz, Garrido, Troncoso, Figueroa, Toro, Reyes-Jara, Magne and Navarrete.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01032/ful
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The Musical Abilities, Pleiotropy, Language, and Environment (MAPLE) framework for understanding musicality-language links across the lifespan
Using individual differences approaches, a growing body of literature finds positive associations between musicality and language-related abilities, complementing prior findings of links between musical training and language skills. Despite these associations, musicality has been often overlooked in mainstream models of individual differences in language acquisition and development. To better understand the biological basis of these individual differences, we propose the Musical Abilities, Pleiotropy, Language, and Environment (MAPLE) framework. This novel integrative framework posits that musical and language-related abilities likely share some common genetic architecture (i.e., genetic pleiotropy) in addition to some degree of overlapping neural endophenotypes, and genetic influences on musically and linguistically enriched environments. Drawing upon recent advances in genomic methodologies for unraveling pleiotropy, we outline testable predictions for future research on language development and how its underlying neurobiological substrates may be supported by genetic pleiotropy with musicality. In support of the MAPLE framework, we review and discuss findings from over seventy behavioral and neural studies, highlighting that musicality is robustly associated with individual differences in a range of speech-language skills required for communication and development. These include speech perception-in-noise, prosodic perception, morphosyntactic skills, phonological skills, reading skills, and aspects of second/foreign language learning. Overall, the current work provides a clear agenda and framework for studying musicality-language links using individual differences approaches, with an emphasis on leveraging advances in the genomics of complex musicality and language traits
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