Locating Photography

The specter of global dissemination haunted photography from its very beginning. This chapter explains two aspects of photography's “globalization”: its use as a “western” technique to document an increasingly colonized world and its dissemination around the world and its adoption by local practitioners. In rural and small‐town central India, the studio retains a central place in most people's encounters with photography. Martín Chambi would retain a lifelong adherence to the purity of the photographic image but other indigenista photographers, such as Juan Manuel Figueroa Aznar, would increasingly use paint alongside photography. A World System Photography, seen in networks that fold locally articulated practices into trajectories that fuse technics, history, and culture, can help people think in new ways about the “location” of photography. Locations have to be re‐imagined as “Terra Infirma”, unstable and complex positions which may have more of the quality of linking sections of a network than of territories

ALFRED SEILAND. IMPERIVM ROMANVM Fotografie 2005-2020

Con Imperium Romanum, il progetto che porta avanti da quindici anni, Alfred Seiland accompagna il lettore inun grande ideale viaggio transcontinentale, toccando luoghi mitici della romanità, siti emblematici come Roma,Palmira, Samaria o Epidauro, in quaranta paesi diversi. Con fotografie talvolta iperrealiste e pop, talvolta simboliste e minimal, indaga l’inestricabile e vitale rapportotra le antichità romane e i luoghi della modernità. Le rovine del passato emergono così in tutta chiarezza come ilgrande patrimonio di un’identità visiva europea, una sorta di minimo comune denominatore dell’arte modernae dell’architettura contemporanea, la prima forma di globalizzazione dello sguardo. Il lettore è accompagnato ascoprire le trasformazioni delle città e del paesaggio: l’occhio del fotografo ne esalta il riuso – talvolta consapevole,talvolta casuale – e ironizza sul surreale dialogo tra le antiche glorie monumentali e i moderni tessuti urbanistici,gli spazi del turismo di massa, dello sport e della cultura del tempo libero

Contrasting phylogeographic patterns of earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Lumbricidae) on near-shore mediterranean islands.

Comparative phylogeography is a powerful methodological approach to understand the particular evolutionary phenomena that occur in islands. This method has been rarely applied to insular earthworm communities. These soil animals show a striking dichotomy in their phylogeographic patterns: deeply divergent, regionally structured linages and widely distributed, genetically homogeneous lineages. An intensive earthworm sampling campaign in the Southern France archipelago of Hyères served as an opportunity to check for the existence of these patterns in the framework of a near-shore, continental archipelago. Molecular barcoding (COI sequencing) was performed for earthworm communities of 31 localities, and the seven with more informative distributions were chosen for phylogenetic inference and genetic diversity evaluation. A time-calibrated phylogeny was obtained to estimate a temporal framework for colonization and divergence within the islands, and haplotype networks were used to visualize relationships between populations in detail. Four species (Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea nocturna, Scherotheca cf. dugesi and Scherotheca rhodana) showed clades restricted to the archipelago and hints of Plio-Pleistocene in situ divergence. The other three species (Aporrectodea rosea, Aporrectodea trapezoides and Eiseniella tetraedra) lacked geographic structure, being nested in clades with individuals from distant countries; their arrival to the archipelago appeared consistent with human-mediated introduction. These contrasting phylogeographic patterns are discussed in the context of paleogeographic events affecting the Mediterranean in the Late Tertiary-Quaternary and biological traits of earthworms, with biparental sexual vs parthenogenetic reproduction as the main factor explaining them

An online adaptive approach to alert correlation

Abstract. The current intrusion detection systems (IDSs) generate a tremendous number of intrusion alerts. In practice, managing and analyzing this large number of low-level alerts is one of the most challenging tasks for a system administrator. In this context alert correlation techniques aiming to provide a succinct and high-level view of attacks gained a lot of interest. Although, a variety of methods were proposed, the majority of them address the alert correlation in the off-line setting. In this work, we focus on the online approach to alert correlation. Specifically, we propose a fully automated adaptive approach for online correlation of intrusion alerts in two stages. In the first online stage, we employ a Bayesian network to automatically extract information about the constraints and causal relationships among alerts. Based on the extracted information, we reconstruct attack scenarios on-the-fly providing network administrator with the current network view and predicting the next potential steps of the attacker. Our approach is illustrated using both the well known DARPA 2000 data set and the live traffic data collected from a Honeynet network

DNA Metabarcoding of Amazonian Ichthyoplankton Swarms

International audienceTropical rainforests harbor extraordinary biodiversity. The Amazon basin is thought to hold 30% of all river fish species in the world. Information about the ecology, reproduction, and recruitment of most species is still lacking, thus hampering fisheries management and successful conservation strategies. One of the key understudied issues in the study of population dynamics is recruitment. Fish larval ecology in tropical biomes is still in its infancy owing to identification difficulties. Molecular techniques are very promising tools for the identification of larvae at the species level. However, one of their limits is obtaining individual sequences with large samples of larvae. To facilitate this task, we developed a new method based on the massive parallel sequencing capability of next generation sequencing (NGS) coupled with hybridization capture. We focused on the mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase I (COI). The results obtained using the new method were compared with individual larval sequencing. We validated the ability of the method to identify Amazonian catfish larvae at the species level and to estimate the relative abundance of species in batches of larvae. Finally, we applied the method and provided evidence for strong temporal variation in reproductive activity of catfish species in the Ucayalí River in the Peruvian Amazon. This new time and cost effective method enables the acquisition of large datasets, paving the way for a finer understanding of reproductive dynamics and recruitment patterns of tropical fish species, with major implications for fisheries management and conservation

Earthworms (Oligochaeta, Clitellata) of the Mitaraka range (French Guiana): commented checklist with description of one genus and eighteen species new to science

International audienceLes vers de terre (Oligochaeta, Clitellata) du massif du Mitaraka (Guyane): liste commentée avec description d'un genre nouveau et de dix-huit espèces nouvelles pour la science. Un échantillonnage intensif des vers de terre de Guyane est en cours depuis plusieurs années. Les premiers résultats publiés ont mis en évidence une diversité régionale très importante, un turnover géographique considérable dans la composition des communautés, ainsi qu'une proportion très importante d'espèces nouvelles pour la science. Cependant le travail de description de ces espèces nouvelles n'avait pas été entrepris jusqu'à maintenant. Dans ce travail, nous présentons les résultats de l'échantillonnage réalisé en mars 2015 à l'occasion de la mission terrestre de la « Planète Revisitée» dans le massif du Mitaraka. Nous avons pour cela utilisé une approche de taxonomie intégrative combinant l'utilisation de codes-barres ADN et de caractères morpho-anatomiques. Nous avons ainsi identifié la présence de 31 espèces, dont neuf ne sont représentées dans nos échantillons que par des juvéniles, et quatre correspondent à des espèces d'ores et déjà connues (Nouraguesia parare Csuzdi & Pavlícek, 2011, Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1856), Dichogaster andina Cognetti de Martiis, 1904 et Dichogaster bolaui (Michaelsen, 1891)). Les 18 espèces restantes se sont révélées nouvelles pour la science et sont décrites dans ce travail. Elles appartiennent aux genres Andiorrhinus Cognetti de Martiis, 1908 (une espèce), Martiodrilus Michaelsen, 1936 (neuf espèces), Urobenus Benham, 1886 (une espèce), Atatina Righi, 1971 (une espèce), Neogaster Cernosvitov, 1934 (deux espèces), Omodeoscolex Csuzdi, 1993 (trois espèces), et un nouveau genre d'Ocnerodrilidae Beddard, 1891 que nous décrivons sous le nom de Guianodrilus Bartz & Decaëns n. gen. Nous discutons ensuite le déficit linnéen qui caractérise les vers de terre de Guyane ainsi que les implications taxonomiques de nos résultats

Transcriptome data from three endemic Myrtaceae species from New Caledonia displaying contrasting responses to myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) [Data paper]

The myrtle rust disease, caused by the fungus Austropuccinia psidii, infects a wide range of host species within the Myrtaceae family worldwide. Since its first report in 2013 in New Caledonia, it was found on various types of native environments where Myrtaceae are the dominant or codominant species, as well as in several commercial nurseries. It is now considered as a significant threat to ecosystems biodiversity and Myrtaceae-related economy. The use of predictive molecular markers for resistance against myrtle rust is currently the most cost-effective and ecological approach to control the disease. Such an approach for neo Caledonian endemic Myrtaceae species was not possible because of the lack of genomic resources. The recent advancement in new generation sequencing technologies accompanied with relevant bioinformatics tools now provide new research opportunity for work in non-model organism at the transcriptomic level. The present study focuses on transcriptome analysis on three Myrtaceae species endemic to New Caledonia (Arillastrum gummiferum, Syzygium longifolium and Tristaniopsis glauca) that display contrasting responses to the pathogen (non-infected vs infected). Differential gene expression (DGE) and variant calling analysis were conducted on each species. We combined a dual approach by using 1) the annotated reference genome of a related Myrtaceae species (Eucalyptus grandis) and 2) a de novo transcriptomes of each species

Validation of estimated species frequencies.

<p>Correlation between frequencies of species as a function of the sequencing method. The frequencies estimated with the Sanger method and the frequencies estimated with the Mock-NGS and Bulk-NGS methods from the Napo and Maranon samples were correlated.</p

Data on the alignment of the <i>COI</i> sequences for the Napo and Maranon samples.

<p>The table summarizes the results and estimated frequencies of each species identified using next generation sequencing (NGS) and the Sanger approach. For the next generation approaches, a "Mock" was prepared with equimolar DNA from each larva and a "Bulk" with DNA extracted from a batch of larvae. The number of reads, the percentage of mismatches, the percentage of base coverage, the average coverage depth, maximum coverage and estimated frequency are given for each species. For the Sanger approach (Nap-S, Mar-S), the number of individuals sequenced and the frequency of the species is given. Species are denoted including the family name “Family_Genus_species”. When coverage was considered low (below 60%), the data are underlined and the identification is only given at the genus level (denoted Family_Genus_(species)_spX).</p