Analysis of plastic surgery in adolescents in Brazil

Introduction: Brazil is one of the countries that most resort to plastic surgeries, performing a total of 1.5 million procedures in 2016, 57% of which are cosmetic. However, one fact that really draws attention is the fact that adolescents seek professionals to perform reparative surgeries. This fact reflects the dissatisfaction with body image, being a problem associated with factors such as female gender, overweight and physical activity. To analyze the search of adolescents for plastic procedures, taking into account data from the year 2016 and 2014, based on the literature. Methodology: Literature review based on articles available in SciELO and data from the 2016 Census described by the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery (SBCP), carried out by means of an electronic form answered by SBCP members. Results: According to the SBCP census, in the year 2016, 47.5% of the procedures were non-surgical and 52.5% surgical, compared to 17.4% non-surgical and 82.6% surgical in 2014. In addition, It was concluded that among the surgeries performed in 2016, 57% were aesthetic and 43% were restorative, while in 2014, 60% of the surgeries performed were aesthetic and 40% were restorative. It is known, however, that among the procedures performed in 2014, 3% were performed in patients up to 12 years of age, while 5.7% were performed in patients 13 to 18 years of age, while in the year of 2016, 1.8% were performed in patients up to 12 years of age, and 4.8% were performed in patients 13 to 18 years of age, with a clear reduction in the demand for plastic surgeries by adolescents, although statistics remain considerable. Another data collected by the census was the use of social media by plastic surgeons, it was revealed that 55.5% of professionals use Facebook, 42.1% use Whatsapp and 35.9% use Instagram. Discussion and conclusion of the results: The use of social media to publicize their work is a reality today for many professionals, however, it is important to remember that such habits bring professionals closer to adolescents, since access to information usually occurs indiscriminately in this environment. Plastic surgery is a procedure with risks and requires physical and psychological maturation. Although there is a legal reality behind plastic surgery in minors, there is not a formal SBCP guidance on this subject, however there is a social charge, increasing medical responsibility when evaluating each case

GERAÇÃO E COMPOSIÇÃO GRAVIMÉTRICA DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EM MUNICÍPIOS DO SEMIÁRIDO DE ALAGOAS

The generation of solid urban waste (MSW) has grown significantly in recent decades, mainly due to the increase in population and urban areas. Thus, it is necessary to know the quantity and composition of these materials, especially in small municipalities, where the management of this waste is still deficient. In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the production of solid urban waste and its gravimetry in eight municipalities in the sertão of Alagoas. As a source of data, the State Solid Waste Plan of the State of Alagoas - Sertão Region and economic information from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed. The municipalities were characterized by a low urban population and low GDP per capita values. High variability was observed for the daily generation of MSW, with the predominance of the organic fraction, followed by plastic. On the other hand, low percentages of metals were observed. The ACP explained 69.2% of the original variance of the data in the first two axes and evidenced the strong association between economic aspects and the gravimetric composition of the residues. In view of the large amount of organic material present in the residues of the study area, actions for the use and proper disposal of this fraction, such as composting, should be encouraged.A geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) tem crescido de forma expressiva nas últimas décadas, principalmente devido ao aumento populacional e das áreas urbanas. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário conhecer a quantidade e a composição desses materiais, principalmente em pequenos municípios, onde a gestão desses resíduos ainda é deficitária. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetiva analisar a produção de resíduos sólidos urbanos e a sua gravimetria em oito municípios do sertão de Alagoas. Como fonte de dados, utilizou-se o Plano  Estadual  de  Resíduos  Sólidos  do  Estado  de Alagoas – Região Sertão e informações econômicas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Uma Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) foi empregada. Os municípios se caracterizaram por apresentar baixa população urbana e baixos valores de PIB per capita. Foi observada elevada variabilidade para geração diária de RSU, com a predominância da fração orgânica, seguida pelo plástico. Em contrapartida, observou-se baixos percentuais de metais.  A  ACP explicou  69.2%  da  variância  original  dos  dados  nos  dois primeiros  eixos e evidenciou a forte associação entre aspectos econômicos e a composição gravimétrica dos resíduos. Visto a grande quantidade de material orgânico presente nos resíduos da área de estudo, ações de aproveitamento e destinação adequada dessa fração, como a compostagem, devem ser incentivadas

Atualizações na abordagem terapêutica da hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA): uma revisão integrativa

A hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) ainda é uma das principais emergências cirúrgicas, com elevada taxa de mortalidade mesmo em países desenvolvidos. As ocorrências por HDA não varicosa estão associadas a mortalidade que varia entre 4% e 10%, enquanto que os casos de origem varicosa apresentam até 30% de mortalidade mesmo com os avanços diagnósticos e terapêuticos na área. O presente estudo de revisão buscou avaliar novos avanços e atualizações na abordagem terapêutica da hemorragia digestiva alta, documentados por meio de estudos clínicos e randomizados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio da base de dados PubMed, que levou em consideração os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos e testes controlados e aleatórios; artigos publicados nos últimos três anos; que possuíam texto completo disponível e que abordassem acerca da terapêutica da hemorragia digestiva alta. Ficou constatado que a endoscopia precoce para HDA aguda em pacientes com SCA recente demonstrou ser um procedimento eficiente e seguro para controle de hemorragia com menor necessidade de transfusão de sangue. Além disso, o sistema over-the-scope (OTSC) reduziu significativamente as taxas de ressangramento, complicações graves e transfusões de hemácias pós-randomização. Outra medida adotada é a estratégia de transfusão restritiva, a qual demonstrou ser uma estratégia tão segura e eficaz quanto a transfusão liberal em tais pacientes. Por fim, o ácido tranexâmico não possui evidências na redução das mortes por sangramento gastrointestinal e ainda foi associado a um risco aumentado de eventos tromboembólicos venosos e convulsões

Patrimônio e desenvolvimento: as políticas de patrimônio cultural nos anos 1960

This article aims at analyzing aspects of 1960s Brazilian cultural heritage policies, highlighting changes related to the articulation of concepts such as development, culture and heritage within the Directory of National Historical and Artistic Heritage - DPHAN, today Institute of National Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN). It discusses the effects of industrialization, urban growth and development improvement measures on heritage concepts and policies, analyzing initiatives that focus on preserving cultural assets acknowledged as national historical and artistic heritage and enhancing their economical potential. The discussion emphasizes notions and understandings on heritage and preservation that had substantial bearing on preservation measures carried on by DPHAN from the 1960s on regarding the identification, valorization and protection of cultural heritage, as well as the disciplinary and institutional debates this Directory proposed.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar especificidades dos anos 1960 no que diz respeito às políticas de patrimônio, destacando algumas mudanças de entendimentos, noções e propostas, notadamente referentes às relações entre desenvolvimento, cultura e patrimônio trabalhadas pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, então Diretoria do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (DPHAN). Para tanto, vai-se partir das discussões e debates desse momento acerca dos efeitos da industrialização, do crescimento urbano e das políticas desenvolvimentistas sobre as políticas de patrimônio a partir dessa década, analisando as iniciativas voltadas à patrimonialização de bens culturais, à preservação do acervo que compunha o patrimônio histórico e artístico nacional e ao fomento de suas potencialidades econômicas. Na discussão proposta neste artigo, priorizar-se-ão os entendimentos e ações de preservação da DPHAN relacionados a identificação, valoração e proteção dos bens culturais, assim como os diálogos disciplinares e institucionais que a diretoria procurou estabelecer

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Modelagem geo-ambiental e interdisciplinar para ordenamento do território com corredores florestais ecológico-econômicos.

Desmatamento intensivo veio a ser um procedimento histórico na ocupação territorial e também a prática corrente em nossos dias de projetos de agricultura intensiva. Os impactos sobre o bioma de tipo savana, Cerrado, são inequívocos. Há evidências de conceitos errôneos na administração pública, sua ineficiência e pouco esclarecimento acerca das relações da agricultura com a bacia hidrográfica. A questão principal é: como expandir a frente agrícola, com algum desmatamento necessário e reflorestamento estratégico sem produzir-se irreversibilidade que possa afetar o bioma como um todo? Esta questão é um problema atual que exerce pressão social, política e econômica tanto quanto mais se demanda por bens agrícolas em um crescimento de população já previsto para os próximos 50 anos. Pelo mesmo fato a possibilidade de atuar corretamente na gestão agrícola e geo-ambiental com modelos consistentes, ecológica e economicamente, é a tese deste artigo.Intensive deforesting came to be not only a historical procedure in territorial occupation but also a current practice in present day context of intensive agricultural projects. Impacts over a biome like the savannah Cerrado are unequivocal. There are evidences of erroneous conceptions of the public administration, its inefficiency and the lack of knowledge about the relations of agriculture with watersheds. The main question is - how to expand the agricultural front, with some necessary deforesting and strategically reforesting without producing irreversibility, which may affect the biome itself as a whole? This question is an up to date pressing social, politics and economic problem as far as the demand for agricultural goods are increasing with population’s increment as modelled for the next 50 years. By the same token the possibility of correctly acting in agricultural and geo-environmental management with consistent ecological and economical models, is the thesis this paper presents