Acute Effects of Blood Flow Restriction on Leg Muscular Peak Power Across Different Variables

Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) has gained significant popularity in exercise training and rehabilitation. Several studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of training with BFR. However, the effect of BFR on muscular peak power was still unknown. Purpose: This study examined the influence of Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) on muscular peak power, considering leg lean mass, gender, athletic status, and body composition. Methods: Thirty-nine young male (N=20) and female (N=19) participants underwent two Wingate power tests, one with BFR and one without. Body composition was assessed using an InBody machine. Results: There was no significant difference in muscular peak power with or without BFR. Time to reach maximal speed was longer, and total energy output was higher without BFR. After adjusting for leg lean mass, these findings persisted. Males displayed greater peak power than females, which, after adjusting for leg lean mass, was significant only with BFR. Without BFR, strength/power and high-intensity athletes surpassed endurance athletes in absolute peak power, a gap that reduced with BFR. When adjusting to leg lean mass, strength/power athletes showed higher peak power/Kg lean mass in both conditions. No significant power difference existed between non-athletes and endurance athletes, regardless of BFR or lean mass adjustments. Peak power was positively correlated with leg lean mass, regardless of BFR, and negatively correlated with body fat percentage, a correlation that weakened after adjusting for lean mass. Conclusion: BFR doesn\u27t directly alter muscular peak power but impacts performance factors like the time to maximum speed. Factors like body composition and gender significantly affect power metrics, emphasizing their consideration in BFR training and rehabilitation. These insights underline the importance of considering individual physiological factors in applying BFR in rehabilitation and training programs

The surgical point of view of the geriatric patient — Urinary incontinence

Summary: Background: Urinary incontinence is one of the most frequent diseases in the ageing population. The aim of this manuscript is to present the current knowledge on urinary incontinence regarding (i) prevalence, (ii) pathogenesis, (iii) types, (iv) diagnostic assessment, and (v) treatment options. Methods: The current literature regarding urinary incontinence with special reference to the geriatric patient was reviewed. Results: According to a study performed recently in the Vienna area, 36.0% of women and 11.5% of men aged 70 years or older report urinary incontinence. Several factors, such as urodynamic changes, structural alterations of the lower urinary tract, increased sensory input, and impaired central control of the micturition reflex, contribute to the high prevalence of urinary incontinence with age. The four most common forms of urinary incontinence in the geriatric patient are combined stress/urge incontinence, pure urge incontinence, pure stress incontinence, and overflow incontinence. Diagnostic steps are classified into "mandatory”, "recommended”, and "indicated in selected cases only”. Particularly the "mandatory tests” are simple to perform and need no special equipment. Therapeutic options should be directed to the type of urinary incontinence as well as the physical and mental status of the patient. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence is highly prevalent with age. Conservative treatment is the therapy of choice for urge incontinence and mild to moderate forms of stress and overflow incontinence in the geriatric patien

Radical prostatectomies in Austria, 1997–2004

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The introduction of PSA testing in Austria led to a steep increase of the incidence of prostate cancer. We want to present the course of the number of newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer in Austria since 1997, and set these numbers in relation to the total of radical prostatectomies (with resection of lymph nodes) in the same time period. All numbers were retrieved from health statistics of Statistics Austria. The report period of cancer cases and of RPE comprises the years 1997–2004. All calculations were performed for totals as well as for 5-year age groups (40–89 years of age).</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The number of prostate cancer cases rose from 1997 to 2004 by 35%, while the number of RPE rose by 94% in the same time period. The proportion of RPE in relation to new cases rose from 41% in 1997 to 59% in 2004.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A slight decrease of prostate cancer mortality can already be observed in Austria, but the question of over-treatment still awaits analysis.</p

Österreichische und französische Widerstands-Lyrik im Vergleich

Vorliegende Diplomarbeit behandelt insgesamt zwölf Gedichte, davon sind sechs in deutscher, die anderen sechs in französischer Sprache. Es handelt sich bei allen Gedichten um „Widerstands-Lyrik“. Das bedeutet, Motivation und Ursprung für das Schreiben der Gedichte liegen im Widerstand gegen die Nationalsozialisten im Zweiten Weltkrieg in Österreich und Frankreich. Deshalb beinhaltet die Arbeit zwei historische Teile, in denen ein geschichtlicher Überblick über den Widerstand in Österreich, und die Résistance in Frankreich geboten wird. Dargestellte historische Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten spiegeln sich in den Gedichten wieder und begründen die These der Diplomarbeit, nämlich: Es gibt auf semantischer Ebene Ähnlichkeiten, wenn nicht identische Strukturen in den Gedichten, da sie zu einer Zeit in Österreich und Frankreich entstanden sind, als österreichische Nationalsozialisten in Österreich die Macht ergriffen, es militärisch durch deutsche Nationalsozialisten okkupiert und an Hitler- Deutschland annektiert wurde, und Frankreich von einer kollaborierenden deutsch- freundlichen Regierung im Süden und der deutschen Besatzungsmacht im Norden heim gesucht wurde, sodass in beiden Ländern ähnliche gesellschaftliche, politische und soziale Bedingungen herrschten. Die Gedichte werden strukturalistisch untersucht, in ihre Einzelteile zerlegt und wieder zusammen gebaut, sodass die unterschiedlichen Ebenen sichtbar werden und die Basis für einen gültigen typlogischen Vergleich am Schluss bilden

Caveats when interpreting intravenous urograms following ileal orthotopic bladder substitution

The aim of this study was to evaluate the appearance of the upper urinary tract following cystectomy and ileal orthotopic bladder substitution. Intravenous urograms (IVUs) performed preoperatively and at regular intervals postoperatively on 87 long-term survivors (minimum survival, 5 years) following ileal orthotopic bladder substitution were reviewed. Distention of the collecting system with blunted or rounded fornices was defined as dilatation. If in addition contrast medium excretion was delayed on the 5-min film, this was defined as obstruction. Collecting system dilatation was present on all IVU films obtained from most patients (80%) within 6 months of surgery, even in the absence of urinary tract obstruction. In contrast, dilatation was commonly seen only on the 20-min postinjection films (79%) on urograms performed more than 1 year following surgery, but not encountered on the other two postinjection radiographs (at 5 and 60min). Five years after surgery, permanent obstruction was observed in only five (3%) renoureteral units. Dilatation of the upper urinary tract after ileal orthotopic bladder substitution is a frequent finding on the 5-min, 20-min, and 60-min films during the early postoperative period but is found only on the 20-min film 1 year and later after surgery. These findings should not be overinterpreted as obstructio

Prostate histotripsy: evaluation of prostatic urethral treatment parameters in a canine model

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106151/1/bju12333.pd

Short-term pretreatment with a dual 5α-reductase inhibitor before bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (b-turp): evaluation of prostate vascularity and decreased surgical blood loss in large prostates

Objective: To investigate if short-term treatment with dutasteride (8 weeks) before bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (B-TURP) can reduce intraoperative bleeding, as dutasteride a dual 5α-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) blocks the conversion of testosterone into its active form dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and reduces prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, while increasing urinary flow rate. Patients and Methods: In all, 259 patients were enrolled and randomised to two groups: Group A, receiving placebo and Group B, receiving dutasteride (0.5mg daily for 8 weeks). Blood samples were taken before and after B-TURP for serum chemistry evaluation. In particular we evaluated blood parameters associated with blood loss [haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Ht)] and prostate vascularity [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoreactivity and microvessel density (MVD) using cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) immunoreactivity]. Results: Total testosterone, DHT, PSA level and prostate volume were evaluated and with the exception of DHT and PSA level there was no statistically significant differences between the groups. When comparing changes in Hb and Ht between Group A and Group B before and after B-TURP, there was a statistically significant difference only in patients with large prostates of ≥50mL (ΔHb 3.86 vs 2.05g/dL and ΔHt 4.98 vs 2.64%, in Groups A and B, respectively). There was no significant difference in MVD and VEGF index in prostates of &lt;50mL, conversely in large prostates the difference become statistically significant. Conclusions: Dutasteride was able to reduce operative and perioperative bleeding only in patients with large prostates (≥50mL) that underwent B-TURP. Our findings are confirmed by Hb and Ht values reported before and after the B-TURP and reductions in the molecular markers for VEGF and CD34 in the dutasteride-treated specimens

Analysis of Prescriptions of Alpha-Blockers and Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors from the Urology Department and Other Departments

PurposeWe analyzed the prescriptions of alpha-blockers and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) in the urology department as well as in other departments of the general hospital.MethodsWe investigated the frequency of prescription of alpha-blockers and PDE5Is from 3 general hospitals from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009. For alpha-blockers, data were collected from patients to whom alpha-blockers were prescribed from among patients recorded as having benign prostatic hyperplasia according to the 5th Korean Standard Classification of Diseases. For PDE5Is, data were collected from patients to whom PDE5Is were prescribed by the urology department and by other departments. Alpha-blockers were classified into tamsulosin, alfuzosin, doxazosin, and terazosin, whereas PDE5Is were classified into sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, udenafil, and mirodenafil.ResultsAlpha-blockers were prescribed to 11,436 patients in total over 3 years, and the total frequency of prescriptions was 68,565. Among other departments, the nephrology department had the highest frequency of prescription of 3,225 (4.7%), followed by the cardiology (3,101, 4.5%), neurology (2,576, 3.8%), endocrinology (2,400, 3.5%), pulmonology (1,102, 1.6%), and family medicine (915, 1.3%) departments in order. PDE5Is were prescribed to 2,854 patients in total over 3 years, and the total frequency of prescriptions was 10,558. The prescription frequency from the urology department was 4,900 (46.4%). Among other departments, the endocrinology department showed the highest prescription frequency of 3,488 (33.0%), followed by the neurology (542, 5.1%), cardiology (467, 4.4%), and family medicine (407, 3.9%) departments in order.ConclusionsA high percentage of prescriptions of alpha-blockers and PDE5Is were from other departments. For more specialized medical care by urologists is required in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction

Natural course of lower urinary tract symptoms following discontinuation of alpha-1-adrenergic blockers in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

alpha 1-adrenergic blockers (alpha b) remain the first-line therapy in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The current published work advocates continued use of alpha b for their effect to be maintained. However, some patients decide to discontinue use of the medication after their symptoms are relieved and can keep good conditions. In this study, we investigated the natural course of LUTS after the discontinuation of successful treatment of alpha b. Methods: Among 75 patients with LUTS who stopped alpha b medication once their symptoms improved, 60 patients (age, 50-87 years; median, 70) who could be followed for at least 12 months after discontinuation of alpha b were analyzed in this study. Evaluations included a clinical determination of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), peak flow rate (Qmax) and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR). Upon patient request or in cases of PVR more than 100 mL, administration of alpha b was resumed. Results: Eighteen out of the 60 patients (30%) asked for re-treatment within 12 months after discontinuation (re-treatment group). The other 42 patents were able to maintain good condition without medication (discontinuation group). The IPSS was 15.9, 8.7, 10.1, 10.2, 9.7, 8.8 and 9.0, on the first visit, just before discontinuation, and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after stopping treatment among the discontinuation group, respectively. Similarly, Qmax was 10.6, 14.8, 14.2, 14.3, 14.7, 13.2 and 13.6 mL/ s, respectively. Treatment periods, prostatic volume and peak flow rates just before discontinuation of medication differed significantly between the re-treatment and discontinuation group. Conclusions: In spite of the short follow-up periods, these results suggest that selected patients with relatively small prostatic volume and good flow rates after therapy can discontinue alpha b medication after their symptoms improve.</p