PIGMENTATION OF THE HEART IN THE BICHIR, POLYPTERUS SENEGALUS

El resumen aparece en el Program & Abstracts of the 10th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology, Barcelona 2013. Anatomical Record, Volume 296, Special Feature — 1: P-078.The presence of melanin-containing cells in the heart has been documented in tetrapods, but not in fish. It has been even suggested that dark pigmented cells are exclusively associated with hearts having two atria and two ventricles. The aim here is to report the occurrence of pigment cells in the heart of the bichir, an extant representative of the polypteriformes, an ancient ray-finned fish lineage that split from the stem of the actinopterygians soon after their divergence from the sarcopterygians. The bichir heart is composed of sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, conus arteriosus and bulbus arteriosus arranged sequentially within the pericardial cavity. Dendritic-shaped cells containing melanosomes were found in the five cardiac components of the 12 bichirs included in this study. Numerous melanophores were distributed regularly over the surface of all segments having myocardium in their walls, thus resulting in a marked pigmentation of the whole heart. The bulbus arteriosus, which in the bichir is reduced in size, showed an even more intense pigmentation. In all instances, the melanophores were localized in the subepicardial space. Pigment cells also occurred in the pericardium and ventral aorta. The functional role of melanocytes in the tetrapod heart remains obscure. Antiinflamatory activity, cytoprotection and effects on the viscoelastic properties of the cardiac tissue have been adduced as possible actions of such cells. The role of pigment cells in the bichir heart constitutes a new open question. Interestingly, however, the only cells that have been shown to form melanin-containing cells in the heart derive from the neural crest. If the melanophores of the bichir heart are indeed of neural crest origin, it would suggest a much more extensive contribution and persistence of elements from the neural crest in the primitive heart of jawed vertebrates as assumed so far in most papers devoted to vertebrate heart embryology.Proyecto CGL2010-16417/BOS; Fondos FEDER; Beca FPI ref. BES-2011-046901

Aceptabilidad y efectos secundarios del implante subdérmico en mujeres de edad fértil del Consultorio Especializado De La Mujer Obstetric Care - La Molina en el año 2021

El implante subdérmico es un método anticonceptivo que otorga protección durante 3 años después de la inserción, su principal mecanismo de acción es impedir el proceso de la ovulación provocando cambios en el moco cervical. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el nivel de aceptabilidad y efectos secundarios del implante subdérmico en mujeres de edad fértil del consultorio especializado de la mujer Obstetric Care – La Molina. Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo con un diseño transversal, observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo, consideró una muestra de 97 mujeres en edad fértil que acuden al servicio de planificación familiar, el instrumento empleado fue un cuestionario. Los resultados indicaron que existe un nivel alto de aceptabilidad (67.7%), los efectos secundarios más presentados corresponden a la alteración menstrual (80%), acné (47.7%), cefalea (56.2%), alteración en el peso (36.2%) y mastalgia (35.4%). En conclusión, el implante subdérmico tiene un nivel de aceptabilidad alto, presenta efectos adversos como alteraciones menstruales, acné, cefalea, alteración en el peso y dolor de mamas.The subdermal implant is a contraceptive method that provides protection for 3 years after insertion, its main mechanism of action is to prevent the ovulation process by causing changes in cervical mucus. The objective of the research was to determine the level of acceptability and side effects of the subdermal implant in women of childbearing age at the specialized office for women Obstetric Care - La Molina. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and prospective design was presented, exceptionally a sample of 97 women of childbearing age who attend the family planning service, the employee was a questionnaire. The results indicated that there is a high level of acceptability (67.7%), the most frequent side effects correspond to menstrual disturbance (80%), acne (47.7%), headache (56.2%), alteration in weight (36.2%). and breast pain (35.4%). In conclusion, the subdermal implant has a high level of acceptability in users aged 20 to 23 years, it has adverse effects such as menstrual disorders, acne, headache, diabetes in weight and breast pain

Snail1 controls bone mass by regulating Runx2 and VDR expression during osteoblast differentiation

Bone undergoes continuous remodelling throughout adult life, and the equilibrium between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts defines the final bone mass. Here we show that Snail1 regulates this balance by controlling osteoblast differentiation. Snail1 is necessary for the early steps of osteoblast development, and it must be downregulated for their final differentiation. At the molecular level, Snail1 controls bone mass by repressing the transcription of both the osteoblast differentiation factor Runx2 and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes in osteoblasts. Sustained activation of Snail1 in transgenic mice provokes deficient osteoblast differentiation, which, together with the loss of vitamin D signalling in the bone, also impairs osteoclastogenesis. Indeed, the mineralisation of the bone matrix is severely affected, leading to hypocalcemia-independent osteomalacia. Our data show that the impact of Snail1 activity on the osteoblast population regulates the course of bone cells differentiation and ensures normal bone remodelling

House´s Workers

La presente idea de negocio está basada en cubrir la necesidad de reparación en los hogares en Lima Metropolitano, House's Workers, busca brindar la solución a las reparaciones domiciliarias en los rubros de electricidad, gasfitería, carpintería y limpieza y/o desinfección, que pueden suceder en el día a día. La presente idea de negocios está adaptada al contexto en el que nos encontramos actualmente, Covid-19, los cuales nos solicitan contar con los protocolos de bioseguridad; salvaguardando la vida de nuestros clientes y colaboradores. Asimismo, el proyecto busca formalizar un servicio que por muchos años se ha desarrollado de manera informal y, bajo escasos estándares de calidad, de esta manera, también buscamos impulsar la formalidad de las pequeñas empresas en nuestro país. Contamos con un equipo con experiencia en el rubro de servicios y con un personal técnico con experiencia en cada rubro. Finalmente, luego de haber desarrollado el presente proyecto de investigación, podemos indicar que House’s Workers es una idea de negocio rentable, pues cuenta con una utilidad positiva desde el primer año y al término del quinto año contaremos con una utilidad neta de S/. 157,281 soles, con un crecimiento de 10% del segundo al quinto año.This business idea is based on meeting the need for home repair in Lima Metropolitan, House's Workers seeks to provide the solution to home repairs in the areas of electricity, plumbings, carpentry and cleaning and/or disinfection, which can happen on a day-to-day life. This business idea is adapted to the context in which we are currently in, Covid-19, which ask us to have biosecurity protocols; safeguarding the lives of our customers and collaborators In addition, the project seeks to formalize a service that for many years has been developed informally and, under low quality standards,in this way, we also seek to boost the formality of small businesses in our country We have a team with experience in the field of services and a technical staff with experience in each area. Finally, having developed this research project, we can indicate that House's Workers is a profitable business idea because it has a positive profit from the first year and at the end of the fifth year, we will have a net profit of S/. 157,281 soles with growth of 10% from the second to the fifth year.Trabajo de investigació

Defined neuronal populations drive fatal phenotype in a mouse model of leigh syndrome

Altres ajuts: Seattle Children's Research Institute: Seed Funds;NINDS: R01 NIH/NS 102796; University of Washington Neurological Surgery Department: Ellenbogen Neurological Surgery Research Funds; University of Washington: The Ryan J. Murphy SUDEP Research Funds; Mitochondrial Research Guild: Seed FundsMitochondrial deficits in energy production cause untreatable and fatal pathologies known as mitochondrial disease (MD). Central nervous system affectation is critical in Leigh Syndrome (LS), a common MD presentation, leading to motor and respiratory deficits, seizures and premature death. However, only specific neuronal populations are affected. Furthermore, their molecular identity and their contribution to the disease remains unknown. Here, using a mouse model of LS lacking the mitochondrial complex I subunit Ndufs4, we dissect the critical role of genetically-defined neuronal populations in LS progression. Ndufs4 inactivation in Vglut2expressing glutamatergic neurons leads to decreased neuronal firing, brainstem inflammation, motor and respiratory deficits, and early death. In contrast, Ndufs4 deletion in GABAergic neurons causes basal ganglia inflammation without motor or respiratory involvement, but accompanied by hypothermia and severe epileptic seizures preceding death. These results provide novel insight in the cell type-specific contribution to the pathology, dissecting the underlying cellular mechanisms of MD

Salmonella enterica Subclinical Infection: Bacteriological, Serological, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles-Longitudinal Study in a Three-Site Farrow-to-Finish Farm

Fil: Vigo, German B. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Laboratorio de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Bacteriológicas; Argentina.Fil: Cappuccio, J. A. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Cátedra de Patología Especial; Argentina.Fil: Pineyro, Pablo E. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Cátedra de Patología Especial; Argentina.Fil: Salve, Angela. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología; Argentina.Fil: Machuca, Mariana A. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Cátedra de Patología Especial; Argentina.Fil: Quiroga, Maria A. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Cátedra de Patología Especial; Argentina.Fil: Moredo, Fabiana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Laboratorio de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Bacteriológicas; Argentina.Fil: Giacoboni, Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Laboratorio de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Bacteriológicas; Argentina.Fil: Cancer, Jose L. Private practitioner; Argentina.Fil: Caffer, María Ines. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología; Argentina.Fil: Binsztein, Norma. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología; Argentina.Fil: Pichel, Mariana. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología; Argentina.Fil: Perfumo, Carlos J. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Cátedra de Patología Especial; Argentina.The aim of this surveillance was to study both Salmonella spp. shedding patterns and the time course of serological response in farrow-to-finish reared pigs from a subclinically infected farm. Antimicrobial resistance profile, molecular subtyping, and the relationship among the isolates were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A farrow-to-finish farm of 6000 sows, with a history of Salmonella Typhimurium septicemia, was selected. A longitudinal bacteriological and serological study was conducted in 25 sows before farrowing (M=S1) and in 50 offspring at 21 (M=S2), 35 (M=S3), 65 (M=S4), 86 (M=S5), 128 (M=S6), and 165 (M=S7) days of age. Serum antibodies were tested using Herdcheck Swine Salmonella antibody test kit (Idexx Laboratories, ME). Bacteria were isolated from pooled fecal samples. Suspected isolates were confirmed by conventional biochemical assays, and those identified as Salmonella spp. were serotyped. A variation between seropositive percentages and positive fecal samples was observed. Serologically positive pigs decreased from S1 to S4, and subsequently increased from S4 to S7. The percentages of fecal positive culture increased from M1 to M3, and then declined in M4, increased in M5, and were negative in M6 and M7. In the study three serovars, Salmonella 3,10:e,h:-, Salmonella Muenster, and Salmonella Bovismorbificans, were identified with low pathogenicity for swine. Three multidrug resistance strains (one belonged to Salmonella 3,10:e,h:- and two belonged to Salmonella Muenster) were found. PFGE results showed three different but closely related patterns among the 13 isolates of Salmonella Bovismorbificans, and two patterns for the three Salmonella Muenster and Salmonella 3,10:e,h:- isolates. This longitudinal study established critical points of Salmonella spp. infection in the farm and the production stages, where appropriate control measures must be taken. PFGE showed clonal relationships in each serovar. Antibiotic resistance profiles should be periodically included due to public health concerns

Salmonella enterica Subclinical Infection: Bacteriological, Serological, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles-Longitudinal Study in a Three-Site Farrow-to-Finish Farm

Fil: Vigo, German B. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Laboratorio de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Bacteriológicas; Argentina.Fil: Cappuccio, J. A. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Cátedra de Patología Especial; Argentina.Fil: Pineyro, Pablo E. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Cátedra de Patología Especial; Argentina.Fil: Salve, Angela. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología; Argentina.Fil: Machuca, Mariana A. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Cátedra de Patología Especial; Argentina.Fil: Quiroga, Maria A. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Cátedra de Patología Especial; Argentina.Fil: Moredo, Fabiana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Laboratorio de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Bacteriológicas; Argentina.Fil: Giacoboni, Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Laboratorio de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Bacteriológicas; Argentina.Fil: Cancer, Jose L. Private practitioner; Argentina.Fil: Caffer, María Ines. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología; Argentina.Fil: Binsztein, Norma. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología; Argentina.Fil: Pichel, Mariana. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología; Argentina.Fil: Perfumo, Carlos J. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Cátedra de Patología Especial; Argentina.The aim of this surveillance was to study both Salmonella spp. shedding patterns and the time course of serological response in farrow-to-finish reared pigs from a subclinically infected farm. Antimicrobial resistance profile, molecular subtyping, and the relationship among the isolates were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A farrow-to-finish farm of 6000 sows, with a history of Salmonella Typhimurium septicemia, was selected. A longitudinal bacteriological and serological study was conducted in 25 sows before farrowing (M=S1) and in 50 offspring at 21 (M=S2), 35 (M=S3), 65 (M=S4), 86 (M=S5), 128 (M=S6), and 165 (M=S7) days of age. Serum antibodies were tested using Herdcheck Swine Salmonella antibody test kit (Idexx Laboratories, ME). Bacteria were isolated from pooled fecal samples. Suspected isolates were confirmed by conventional biochemical assays, and those identified as Salmonella spp. were serotyped. A variation between seropositive percentages and positive fecal samples was observed. Serologically positive pigs decreased from S1 to S4, and subsequently increased from S4 to S7. The percentages of fecal positive culture increased from M1 to M3, and then declined in M4, increased in M5, and were negative in M6 and M7. In the study three serovars, Salmonella 3,10:e,h:-, Salmonella Muenster, and Salmonella Bovismorbificans, were identified with low pathogenicity for swine. Three multidrug resistance strains (one belonged to Salmonella 3,10:e,h:- and two belonged to Salmonella Muenster) were found. PFGE results showed three different but closely related patterns among the 13 isolates of Salmonella Bovismorbificans, and two patterns for the three Salmonella Muenster and Salmonella 3,10:e,h:- isolates. This longitudinal study established critical points of Salmonella spp. infection in the farm and the production stages, where appropriate control measures must be taken. PFGE showed clonal relationships in each serovar. Antibiotic resistance profiles should be periodically included due to public health concerns

Thermoascus aurantiacus (cepa brasileira) : aspectos do crescimento, produção enzimatica e utilização no tratamento de materiais lignocelulosicos

Orientador : Nelson Eduardo Duran CaballeroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: A cepa brasileira de Thermoascus aurantiacus,. um fungo termófilo. foi estudada quanto as condiçeies de crescimento. produção de enzimas e ação sobre materiais lignocelulósicos. O fungo mostrou capacidade para crescer em meios de cul tivo que continham materiais lignocelulósicos como bagaço de cana, casca de arroz e serragem de Eucaliptus grandis. como únicas fontes de carbono. O crescimento do fungo nestes substratos foi melhor do que em substratos celulósicos. As condições ótimas de crescimento do fungo foram determinadas através de métodos estatisticos de otimização. As condiçõs ótimas obtidas em meio Czapek modificado foram: 0.8% (8.0 g/l) de glicose como fonte de carbono, 37.8 mEq/l (3.2 g/l) de NaN03 como fonte de nitrogênio em pH 6,0 a 48C. Nestas condições o fungo alcançou uma velocidade máxima de crescimento ae 4.74 -0.02 (mm/h). Um teor de 27.4% (p/p) de proteina foi obtida do micélio de Thermoascus aurantiacus aos 10 dias de crescimento em meio contendo 1,5% de glicose sob condições estacionárias. A proteina micelial foi hidrolisada e sua composição em aminoácidos foi determinada. A qualidade da proteina de T.aurantiacus é semelhante à proteína da soja e à sugerida pela FAO. Apresentando uma alta concentração de aminoácidos essenciais Na cultura contendo 1,5% de glicose, sob condições estacionárias e de agitação foi detectada a presença de etanol e metanol provavelmente produtos da fermentação de glicose pelo fungo. O fungo produzi enzimas celuloliti cas, hemiceluloliticas e ligninoliticas em maior ou menor quantidade, quando cultivado em meios que continham diferentes substratos de crescimento. As máximas atividades de endo-glicanase (1.49 UI/ml) e xilanase (1.20 UI/ml), foram obtidas em meio contendo 1.5% de glicose. Os máximos valores foram obtidos quando a glicose alcançou uma concentração de 0.3%. no sexto dia de crescimento. sob condições estacionárias. A atividade celulolitica de Thermoascus aurantiacus foi comparável à do fungo Trichoderma reesei (cepa selvagem), o fungo apresentou, atividade enzimática capaz de descolorir Remazol brilliant blue R. sendo que a máxima descoloração ocorreu quando foram adicionados ao meio 1.5% de glicose e 0.5% de serragem de Eucaliptus grandis, simultaneamente. Uma ligeira descoloração ocorreu quando o meio continha somente glicose. Uma alta atividade fenol oxidase foi obtida quando o fungo foi culivado em meio que continha 1,5% de serragem de Eucaliptus grandis e 0,5% de glicose. Nenhuma atividade foi obtida utilizou-se apenas glicose como fonte de carbono. Foi estudada a biodegradação dos componentes da madeira de Eucaliptus grandis (serragem e cavacos) . Após 21 dias de tratamento da madeira com Thermoascus aurantiacus, sob condições estacionárias e 50°C. obteve-se uma perda de peso de 6,7% para serragem e de 6,2% para cavacos, em cultura contendo 0.5% de glicose. Em ambos os casos (serragem e cavacos), o fungo atacou, principalmente, os componentes extraiveis em etanol/benzeno, provovando uma perda em peso de 64.4% na serragem e 59.0% nos cavacosAbstract: Growth conditions, enzime production and lignocellulosic materials degradation by Brazilian strain of Thermoascus aurantiacus, were studied. The fungus showed ability to grow on lignocellulosic materials such as sugar cane bagasse, rice hull and Eucaliptus grandis sawdust, as single carbon sources. Growth of the fungus in these subtrates was better than cellulosic one. Statistical methods were applied for optimization of the growth conditions in Czapek-glucose (0,8%) modified medium in ph 6.0 at 48 degree degree and a NaN09 concentration of 37.8 mEq/1 (3.2 g/1) were observed. The growth rate value obtained in these conditions was 4.74 +- 0.02mm/h. Cultures of Thermoascus aurantiacus using glucose (1.50%) showed a 27.4% (w/w) of mycelila protein after 10 days incubation. Mycelial protein showed essential amino acids content similar to soybean protein and FAO standard requirements. Ethanol and methanol were detected in the extracellular medium of Thermoascus aurantiacus agitated as well as in stationary cultures using glucose 1.5%. Cellulolytic, hemicellilolytic and ligninolytic activities were produced when the fungus grown on a variety of substrates High endo-glucanase (1.49 UI/ml) and xylanase (1.20 UI/ml) activities were detected on glucose 1.5%. A higher enzyme activity was reached when the glucose concentration was reduced to 0.3% (sixth day) Thermoascus aurantiacus exhibits cellulolytic similar to Trichoderma reesei (wild strain). The higher decoloriation of Remazol brilliant blue (RBB-R) by cultures of Thermoascus aurantiacus in the presence of glucose (0.5% ) and Eucaliptus grandis sawdust (1.5%) simultaneously was observed. A light decolorization was observed when glucose was used as single carbon source. High phenol-oxidase activirty was reached when the fungal growth was on Eucaliptus grandis sawdust (1.5%) plus glucose (0.5%). No phenol-oxidase activity was observed when glucose was used as single carbon source. Sawdust and chips of Eucaliptus grandis biodegradation was studied. Growth of Theromoascus aurantiacus on Eucaliptus grandis resulted in a weight loss of 6.7% and 6.2%, for sawdust and chips respectively after 21 days of incubation at 50 degree on glucose 0.5% Fungal attack was more efficient on the extractives than other wood components. An extractive loss of 64.4% in sawdust and 59.0% in chips was obtained.MestradoBioquimicaMestre em Ciências Biológica