40 research outputs found
A INVESTIGAÇÃO DE ACIDENTES AÉREOS E O PROCESSO DE RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO PENAL DOS ENVOLVIDOS
Surgem, como consequência de um acidente aéreo, diferentes investigações destinadas a apurar as causas da tragédia. Nesse contexto, destaca-se aquela realizada pela autoridade aeronáutica, que visa exclusivamente à prevenção de novas ocorrências. Porém, frequentemente ocorrem, na cadeia de eventos que culminou no acidente, condutas caracterizadas como crimes, fazendo-se necessário também a apuração de responsabilidade criminal, com a consequente punição dos culpados (se houver). À primeira vista, esse exame é antagônico e conflitante com aquele realizado pela autoridade aeronáutica, o qual se afasta completamente da busca por culpados, visando unicamente à prevenção de futuras ocorrências similares. No entanto, este conflito é apenas aparente, sendo este o principal objetivo do presente artigo: demonstrar a inexistência de real antagonismo entre os diferentes procedimentos investigatórios, bem como a possibilidade de serem executados de forma harmônica e coordenada. Para isso, a metodologia empregada consistiu da análise e estudo da literatura científica existente sobre o assunto e dos diplomas legais pertinentes, que permitiram o atingimento do objetivo proposto. Por fim, serviu de justificativa do presente artigo a necessidade de esclarecer e diferenciar os papéis exercidos pelas distintas autoridades competentes dentro da problemática abordada
A REPRESENTAÇÃO SOCIAL DO DIREITO DE LIBERDADE DE IMPRENSA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Press freedom is the focus of this article, emphasizing the search for social representation of certain subjects in relation to this fundamental principle in times of pandemic. The main objective was to study the thinking of academics, professors and health professionals in relation to the performance of the press during the Covid-19 period, analyzing the thoughts of these individuals regarding the work of the media. The survey had the participation of 150 respondents who answered two evocation questions. The first in which the inducing term was “Freedom of the Press” and the second in which the key expression was “Press and Pandemic. The results were treated in the Iramuteq system, the first question being verified through the frequency table showing the most evoked words. From this perspective, it was shown that representation turned to the existence of freedom, which is a right of democracy in the function of bringing the news to the people. In the second strand, the responses generated a maximum tree, in which the main trunks highlighted the Fake News, information, vaccine and society vernaculars. The idea showed that people think that the media in the pandemic should provide information, take care not to spread falsehoods and focus on social benefits in the dissemination of the vaccine. The final reflection led us to believe that journalism cannot be censored, as we live in a Democratic State of Law, true information must be disclosed in the public interest.La libertad de prensa es el foco de este artículo, enfatizando la búsqueda de la representación social de ciertos sujetos en relación a este principio fundamental en el contexto de la pandemia. El objetivo principal fue estudiar el pensamiento de académicos, profesores y profesionales de la salud en relación al desempeño de la prensa en el período de la Covid-19, analizando el pensamiento de estos individuos en relación al trabajo de los medios. La encuesta contó con la participación de 150 encuestados que respondieron dos preguntas de evocación. El primero en el que el término inductor fue “Libertad de Prensa” y el segundo en el que la expresión clave fue “Prensa y Pandemia. Los resultados fueron tratados en el sistema Iramuteq, comprobándose la primera pregunta a través de la tabla de frecuencias, que mostraba las palabras más evocadas. Se verificó en esa perspectiva que la representación se volvió hacia la existencia de la libertad, que es un derecho de la democracia y tiene la función de llevar la noticia al pueblo. En la segunda vertiente, las respuestas generaron un árbol máximo, en el que los troncos principales destacaron las vernáculas Fake News, Información, Vacuna y Sociedad. La reflexión final llevó a la creencia de que el periodismo no puede ser censurado, ya que vivimos en un estado democrático basado en el estado de derecho. Debe haber libre acceso a información veraz de interés público, especialmente en un contexto tan grave como la pandemia del Covid-19 y las vacunas.A liberdade de imprensa é o tema foco desse presente artigo, dando-se ênfase na busca pela representação social de determinados sujeitos, entre eles, acadêmicos, professores e servidores públicos, em relação a esse princípio fundamental no contexto da pandemia. O objetivo principal foi compreender o pensamento de acadêmicos, professores e profissionais da área da saúde em relação a atuação da imprensa no período da Covid-19, fazendo uma análise do pensamento desses indivíduos frente ao trabalho da mídia. A pesquisa contou com a participação de 150 entrevistados que responderam duas questões de evocação. A primeira em que o termo indutor foi “Liberdade de Imprensa” e a segunda em que a expressão chave foi “Imprensa e Pandemia. Os resultados foram tratados no sistema Iramuteq, sendo o primeiro questionamento verificado através da tabela de frequência, em que se mostrou as palavras mais evocadas. Verificou-se nessa perspectiva que a representação se voltou para a existência da liberdade, que é um direito da democracia e tem a função de levar ao povo as notícias. Na segunda vertente, as respostas geraram uma árvore máxima, em que os troncos principais destacaram os vernáculos Fake News, Informação, Vacina e Sociedade. A reflexão final levou a crer que não se pode censurar o jornalismo, pois se vive em um Estado Democrático de Direito. Deve haver acesso livre as informações verdadeiras em prol do interesse público, principalmente em um contexto tão sério como da pandemia de Covid-19 e as vacinas
Reporting an experience : recovering and recording residues of teaching laboratories of Chemical Institute of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.
An experience aiming to promote a residue interchange and recovery between the teaching laboratories of the Chemistry Institute of this University is described. At the present, several residues interchange have already appeared as advantageous. To make the work easier, a software has been developed in order to keep a record of all the residues generated by the teaching laboratories. Standard labels have been developed for the residues in order to organize them. The software and the label design are described
Study protocol for the multicentre cohorts of Zika virus infection in pregnant women, infants, and acute clinical cases in Latin America and the Caribbean: The ZIKAlliance consortium
Background: The European Commission (EC) Horizon 2020 (H2020)-funded ZIKAlliance Consortium designed a multicentre study including pregnant women (PW), children (CH) and natural history (NH) cohorts. Clinical sites were selected over a wide geographic range within Latin America and the Caribbean, taking into account the dynamic course of the ZIKV epidemic. Methods: Recruitment to the PW cohort will take place in antenatal care clinics. PW will be enrolled regardless of symptoms and followed over the course of pregnancy, approximately every 4 weeks. PW will be revisited at delivery (or after miscarriage/abortion) to assess birth outcomes, including microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities according to the evolving definition of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). After birth, children will be followed for 2 years in the CH cohort. Follow-up visits are scheduled at ages 1-3, 4-6, 12, and 24 months to assess neurocognitive and developmental milestones. In addition, a NH cohort for the characterization of symptomatic rash/fever illness was designed, including follow-up to capture persisting health problems. Blood, urine, and other biological materials will be collected, and tested for ZIKV and other relevant arboviral diseases (dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever) using RT-PCR or serological methods. A virtual, decentralized biobank will be created. Reciprocal clinical monitoring has been established between partner sites. Substudies of ZIKV seroprevalence, transmissio
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We
estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from
1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and
weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate
trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children
and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the
individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference)
and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median).
Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in
11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed
changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and
140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of
underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and
countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior
probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse
was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of
thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a
posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%)
with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and
obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for
both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such
as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged
children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls
in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and
42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents,
the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining
underweight or thinness.
Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an
increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy
nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of
underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit
Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial
Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials.
Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure.
Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen.
Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049
LA U INVESTIGA: Revista Científica. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud. Volumen 3. Número 1
Los ámbitos de investigación expuestos en este número corresponden a salud, educación, comunicación; temática relacionados íntimamente con la problemática social, que trata de visibilizarla a través de la difusión científica. Desde una visión de caso clínico, como son aquellos artículos investigados en los centros asistenciales del país; o de análisis colectivo evidente en los artículos elaborados por académicos de la Universidad Técnica del Norte.• Adenoma pleomorfo metastásico a mama y pulmón.
• Evaluación clínica y atención temprana de la potencialidad cerebromotriz innata en los recién nacidos vivos con factores de riesgo neonatal del hospital general San Vicente de Paúl.
• Embarazo ectopico cervical a proposito de un caso
• Ganglio centinela en cáncer de mama uso de azul patente en unidades de segundo nivel.
• Morbimortalidad en recién nacidos pretérminos menores de 36 semanas, hospital IESS Ibarra año 2014.
• Ruptura esplénica asociada con preeclampsia severa presentacion de un caso.
• Enfermedad de Addison de etiología tuberculosa: presentación de caso clínico.
• Estado de la independencia funcional en personas con discapacidad del cantón Otavalo.
• Síntesis analítica sobre las bondades medicinales de la jícama (smallanthus sonchifolius) 2015.
• Prevención de infecciones puerperales con Churiyuyo (kalanchoe pinnata), una experiencia de las parteras tradicionales en Napo Ecuador.
• Valoración de las habilidades comunicativas en la relación fisioterapeuta paciente.
• Objeto de aprendizaje móvil en el aula, para estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición y salud comunitaria, Universidad Técnica del Norte.
• Infecciones de vías urinarias asociadas a catéter vesical en mujeres embarazadas. Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, 2015.
• Proceso enfermero en la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas en usuario colecistectomizado.
• Satisfacción laboral de los profesionales de enfermerí
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
A Representação Social de Governo e a Teoria do Estado
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Previous issue date: 2006-02-22This research was developed with the objective to contribute to a bather
understanding of the state and knowledge of social representations over the government.
Six hundred subjects participated in this study, university students studying law, social
services and economy from one of the universities in Goiânia. To know the description
presented by these three groups, the Center for Social Representations Nucleus theory
was used. This research was dividend into two parts with the intention of collecting
data, there hundred subjects at first and another three hundred after. For the
decomposition of the results from the inductor term. In the second s stage, the results
were submitted to an investigation called the similitude analysis that results in joining
salient and less salient words presented by the subjects researched in the first stage.
These results produced a synthetic picture of relevant words in reference to each one of
the groups. Founded upon this information. Pairs of words were presented to the
subjects in whom they had to construct phrases, the results hound wire the object of
analysis of the context that presented a superficial and functional perspective in relation
to social representation of the government. The subjects are all still active academic
students therefore not having a structured knowledge, giving the impression that they
didn t perceive the government as being important. The resulting conclusion was that
there was no social representation in the exact meaning of the word, it is dispersed or is
part of another representation.Essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de contribuir para um melhor
entendimento do Estado e o conhecimento das representações sociais sobre o governo.
Participaram deste estudo seiscentos sujeitos, estudantes universitários dos cursos de
Direito, Serviço Social e Economia de uma Universidade de Goiânia. Para conhecer a
descrição apresentada por esses três grupos, foi utilizado o método da Teoria do Núcleo
Central das representações sociais. Essa pesquisa foi dividida em duas partes no intuito
de coletar dados, trezentos sujeitos em um primeiro momento e outros trezentos em um
segundo momento. Para a decomposição dos resultados da primeira etapa, foi utilizado
o método de análise das evocações, que se resume em um processo de associação livre
de palavras ou expressões a partir de um termo indutor. Na segunda etapa, os resultados
foram submetidos a uma investigação chamada de análise de similitude, que resulta na
reunião de palavras salientes e menos salientes apresentadas pelos sujeitos pesquisados
na primeira etapa. Esses resultados produziram um quadro sintético de palavras
relevantes referentes a cada um dos grupos. Fundamentado nesses dados, foram
apresentados aos sujeitos duplas de palavras para que fossem construídas frases a partir
das mesmas, as respostas encontradas foram objeto de análise de conteúdo que
apresentaram uma perspectiva funcional e superficial em relação à representação social
de governo. Os sujeitos têm uma prática acadêmica, porém, não estruturada ao
conhecimento, dando a impressão que eles não percebem o governo como sendo
importante. A conclusão a que se chegou, foi que, não há uma representação social no
sentido exato da palavra, ela esta dispersa ou fazem parte de uma outra representação
A investigação de acidentes aéreos e o processo de responsabilização penal dos envolvidos
As a result of an aircraft accident, different investigations are brought about with the aim of
elucidating the causes of the crash. In this context, there’s a special relevance to the
investigation performed by the aviation authority, which has as its exclusive goal to prevent
similar disasters from taking place. However, there frequently are, in the chain of events that led to the accident, conducts characterized as crimes, thus making it necessary for an
investigation to be done specifically to assess criminal responsibility of those involved with
the accident, consequently punishing those found guilty. At first, this investigation seems to
oppose and conflict with the investigation performed by the aviation authority, as the latter
seeks only to prevent the occurrence of similar accidents. Even so, this conflict is only
apparent, and so the main goal of this article is to demonstrate the inexistence of a real conflict between the different investigation procedures, as well as the possibility of these being performed in a harmonious, coordinated way. In order to achieve that, the methodology consisted of analysis and study of the existing scientific literature on the subject, as well as the pertinent laws, which made possible to accomplish this article’s main goal. Finally, the main justification for producing this article was the necessity to clarify and differentiate the roles exerted by the various competent authorities in the problematic addressed in this article.Surgem, como consequência de um acidente aéreo, diferentes investigações destinadas a apurar as causas da tragédia. Nesse contexto, destaca-se aquela realizada pela autoridade aeronáutica, que visa exclusivamente à prevenção de novas ocorrências. Porém, frequentemente ocorrem, na cadeia de eventos que culminou no acidente, condutas caracterizadas como crimes, fazendo-se necessário também a apuração de responsabilidade criminal, com a consequente punição dos culpados (se houver). À primeira vista, esse exame é antagônico e conflitante com aquele realizado pela autoridade aeronáutica, o qual se afasta completamente da busca por culpados, visando unicamente à prevenção de futuras ocorrências similares. No entanto, este conflito é apenas aparente, sendo este o principal objetivo do presente artigo: demonstrar a inexistência de real antagonismo entre os diferentes procedimentos investigatórios, bem como a possibilidade de serem executados de forma harmônica e coordenada. Para isso, a metodologia empregada consistiu da análise e estudo da literatura científica existente sobre o assunto e dos diplomas legais pertinentes, que permitiram o atingimento do objetivo proposto. Por fim, serviu de justificativa do presente artigo a necessidade de esclarecer e diferenciar os papéis exercidos pelas distintas autoridades competentes dentro da problemática abordada