Arqueo-escuela: reflexiones tras cinco años de divulgación en Arqueología

Arqueo-escuela es un equipo independiente y autogestivo constituido por arqueólogos y arqueólogas (la mayoría becarios y becarias del CONICET) con formación docente, enfocado en la divulgación de los métodos empleados por la arqueología para la interpretación de nuestro pasado. En 2021 cumplimos cinco años de actividad. En este tiempo hemos desarrollado distintas propuestas didácticas, y participado en múltiples y diversos espacios del ámbito público y privado relativos a la educación y la comunicación de la ciencia, en Jujuy y Buenos Aires. En este trabajo, a modo de primera objetivación colectiva, presentamos nuestros lineamientos pedagógicos y las diferentes propuestas de taller que diseñamos. A su vez, a partir de cuatro experiencias transformadoras, planteamos una serie de reflexiones y balances respecto de la divulgación de nuestra disciplina.Arqueo-escuela is an independent and self-managed team made up of archaeologists (mostly CONICET scholarship holders) with teaching training and focused on the dissemination of the methods used by archaeology for the interpretation of our past. In 2021 we celebrated our 5th anniversary. During this time we have developed different didactic proposals, and participated in multiple and diverse public and private spaces related to education and science communication, in Jujuy and Buenos Aires. In this work, as a first collective objectification, we present our pedagogical guidelines and the different workshop proposals we designed. At the same time, based on four transforming experiences, we propose a series of reflections and balances regarding the dissemination of our discipline.Fil: Pey, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Carreras, Jesica Tamara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario Tilcara; ArgentinaFil: Eguia, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Petit de Murat, Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario Tilcara; ArgentinaFil: Bocelli, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca; ArgentinaFil: Carranza, Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Gentile, María Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Orsi, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Tulissi, Leticia. Universidad de Belgrano. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales.; Argentin

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception

Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Integración latinoamericana: hegemonía, Estado y populismo

Este libro es resultado de la compilación de las ponencias más destacadas del II Congreso de Pensamiento Político Latinoamericano, al cual se presentaron ciento veintidós trabajos. La publicación tiene como objetivo difundir el trabajo de investigadores comprometidos con la necesidad de afirmar un discurso propiamente latinoamericano, definiendo en ese mismo recorrido el concepto mismo de americanidad.-La comunicación popular para la batalla cultural por Josefina Adrover. -El cuento de la ley. Relaciones entre derecho y literatura por Arabia Federico & Boco Gastón. -O surgimento tardio da comissão da verdade no brasil e a predominância militar na política brasileira de direitos humanos por Msc. Camila Tribess & Msc. Sandra Avi Dos Santos. -La muerte y la mordaza. El doble silenciamiento de las Intelectuales desaparecidas: el caso de Alicia Eguren por Graciela Barbieri. -La influencia de la revolución bolivariana en América Latina y el Caribe por Alejando Beade. -Baldosas de la memoria como intervención político subjetiva por Diego Benegas Loyo, Ayelén Colosimo & Antonella Dalessio. -Ciudadanía del consumidor por Julián Bertachi. -Constitucionalismo latinoamericano y d.e.s.c. por Pablo Blanco. -Empresas estatales en el proceso de reforma neoliberal: los casos de YPF y Petrobrás por Cachés Javier & Garibaldi Pablo. -Tecnología y movimientos sociales: el caso del movimiento #yosoy132 en México por Juan José Carrillo Nieto. -Judicialização e questão social: as ações do estadona garantia de direitos por Hellen Soares Santana Carneiro. -Una lectura fanoniana de los conflictos de subjetividad en el siglo xxi por Juan Pablo Cedriani. -El pensamiento filosófico, político y pedagógico de Arturo Andrés Roig por Mónica Cerruti. -El discurso socio-político en torno a la construcción de memoria colectiva e identidad política de víctimas en el Cono Sur a partir del contexto de implementación de la doctrina de seguridad nacional por Marcos Cruz Ladino & Martha Isabel Gómez. -Claves de interpretación de la iglesia disidente frente a la dictadura en España (1970-1978). Las concomitancias con la teología de liberación y su proyección de los derechos humanos por Juan Antonio Delgado de la Rosa & Gredos San Diego. -As comunidades eclesiais de base e o movimento popular em volta redonda: o espaço urbano como lugar de luta por direitos sociais por Camila Faria. -Sindicalismo e força de trabalho no período desenvolvimentista em volta redonda (1940-1950)por Camila Faria. -Algunas consideraciones acerca de las brechas de género en la universidad: La UNRC. por Lilian Fernández del Moral, colaboradores: Diego Benegas Loyo & Nicolás Valverde. -Discursos y prácticas de resistencia del feminismo indígena: desafíos para el feminismo académico y aportes para un diálogo intercultural por Martín Forciniti & Mercedes Palumbo. -De los derechos humanos a los derechos posimperiales: La interpelacion de los pueblos originarios a la universalidad juridica por Martín Forciniti & Soledad Ramati. -La forja de un puente entre dos movimientos nacionales. La fuerza de orientación radical de la joven argentina (forja), eje entre el yrigoyenismo y peronismo por Juan Godoy. -Arte y política: semejanzas y diferencias por Elina Ibarra. -¿La investigación como práctica política? por Silvia María Kelly , Ruth Rajchenberg & Carolina Wajnerman. -¿Posneoliberalismo en América latina? transformaciones políticas y económicas en la última década por Agustín Lewit & Luis Wainer. -Descolonizando el desarrollo: aportes del MST y del MO.CA.SE.- VC.por Gabriel Rodrigues Lopes -El federalismo alternativo por Martín López & Pedro Ferré. -Ottobah Cugoano: pensar la libertad y la igualdad desde las víctimas por Juan Francisco Martinez Peria -Los poderes innominados del constitucionalismo latinoamericano. La necesidad de un nuevo marco de comprensión y comparación crítico situado por Alejandro Medici. -La falta de vocación exportadora en el productor PYME argentino y la colonización de actitudes empresariales por Ana María Mendoza. -El marxismo español contemporáneo: Francisco Fernández Buey in memoriam por Marta Nogueroles Jové -Del crisol de razas a la olla popular notas para este bicentenario de la patria por Juan José Olivera. -La conflictiva relación entre hambre y libertad por Rodolfo Enrique Peláez. -Deslocamento populacional brasileiro frente á hegemonia do capital, uma questão social por Vilma Pereira da Silva. -El rol de los sonidos en el funcionamiento de los centros clandestinos de detención por Facundo Petit de Murat. -¿Qué ignora el maestro ignorante de Ranciere? una lectura en clave descolonial por Ezequiel Pinacchio. -La construcción de identidades políticas durante el proceso de provincialización del territorio nacional de Chubut (1954-1955): reconfiguración de un discurso sobre el status político-institucional de los territorios nacionales por Anaclara Raffaele. -Arte terapia y decolonialización: una práctica para la liberación por Ruth Alejandra Rajchenberg -La política de los barrios ciudad en la provincia de Córdoba: territorio, política y poder por Saccucci, Erika Ave Oria. -Sexo, gênero e sexualidade: encontros e desencontros Benevento por Claudia Toffano. -Abrir la agenda e integrar otras voces: debates y compromisos del feminismo contemporáneo en América latina por Vanesa Vázquez Laba. -Polémicas culturales, política y poder en cuba: el caso de la creación y cierre de la revista Pensamiento Crítico por Vergara María Ximena. -¿Integración vs. crecimiento? algunas notas para la integración de Argentina en el MERCOSUR por MG. Juan Von Zeschau. -Aportes para (re) pensar el uso de la cuestión nacional en los discursos de la argentina kirchnerista por María Virginia Quiroga & Aarón Attias -Arte y participación: una relación estratégica y del buen vivir. Alcances y dimensiones del arte transformador por Carolina Wajnerman

Delayed colorectal cancer care during covid-19 pandemic (decor-19). Global perspective from an international survey

Background The widespread nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been unprecedented. We sought to analyze its global impact with a survey on colorectal cancer (CRC) care during the pandemic. Methods The impact of COVID-19 on preoperative assessment, elective surgery, and postoperative management of CRC patients was explored by a 35-item survey, which was distributed worldwide to members of surgical societies with an interest in CRC care. Respondents were divided into two comparator groups: 1) ‘delay’ group: CRC care affected by the pandemic; 2) ‘no delay’ group: unaltered CRC practice. Results A total of 1,051 respondents from 84 countries completed the survey. No substantial differences in demographics were found between the ‘delay’ (745, 70.9%) and ‘no delay’ (306, 29.1%) groups. Suspension of multidisciplinary team meetings, staff members quarantined or relocated to COVID-19 units, units fully dedicated to COVID-19 care, personal protective equipment not readily available were factors significantly associated to delays in endoscopy, radiology, surgery, histopathology and prolonged chemoradiation therapy-to-surgery intervals. In the ‘delay’ group, 48.9% of respondents reported a change in the initial surgical plan and 26.3% reported a shift from elective to urgent operations. Recovery of CRC care was associated with the status of the outbreak. Practicing in COVID-free units, no change in operative slots and staff members not relocated to COVID-19 units were statistically associated with unaltered CRC care in the ‘no delay’ group, while the geographical distribution was not. Conclusions Global changes in diagnostic and therapeutic CRC practices were evident. Changes were associated with differences in health-care delivery systems, hospital’s preparedness, resources availability, and local COVID-19 prevalence rather than geographical factors. Strategic planning is required to optimize CRC care