Customer-to-Customer Interactions within Online Review Sites: A Typology of Contributors

As the Internet has become an increasingly relevant communication and exchange platform, social interactions exist online in multiple forms. Based on the literature on electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) communication, social exchange theory and transformative consumer research, we conduct latent profile analysis to understand who engages in eWOM communication as well as how and why they do so. In addition to the traditional dichotomy of \u27posters\u27 and \u27lurkers\u27, we show that another group is included, which multiplies the scope of the WOM through transmission. By identifying and describing two active customer groups in addition to lurkers, our study provides insights into important user groups. Both groups are central for the service provider to manage the community and for understanding who contributes to social capital. Reciprocity as important mechanism in virtual environments presents a key condition for the development of social capital. Our research contributes to the growing field of consumer articulations online by empirically investigating why individuals engage online in social capital generation

BIG DATA-DRIVEN MARKETING: AN ABSTRACT

Customer information plays a key role in managing successful relationships with valuable customers. Big data customer analytics use (BD use), i.e., the extent to which customer information derived from big data analytics guides marketing decisions, helps firms better meet customer needs for competitive advantage. This study addresses three research questions: What are the key antecedents of big data customer analytics use? How, and to what extent, does big data customer analytics use influence firm performance? Is competitive advantage, if any, achieved through big data customer analytics use contingent upon its prevalence within an industry? Drawing primarily from market information use theory, we advance a theoretical framework to examine how informational and organizational factors act to enhance big data customer analytics use, which in turn influences customer relationship and financial performance. More specifically, we identify and show how information quality (IQ), big data analytics culture, and customer orientation act as key antecedents of big data customer analytics use, which in turn is the critical mechanism to achieve superior CRM outcomes. Finally, we investigate whether the performance implications of big data customer analytics use vary depending on the prevalence of big data customer analytics use in the firm’s industry. Empirical findings from a survey of 301 senior marketing executives, representing large US-based firms in B2C industries, support our conceptualization of the performance outcomes and antecedents of BD use. First, the results highlight that the characteristics of the customer information (IQ) and the characteristics of the user organization (customer orientation and big data analytics culture) strongly predict BD use. The findings also reveal the relative importance of different customer information characteristics to marketing decision-makers. Second, the results confirm BD use as a key predictor of firm performance, and more specifically, that big data customer analytics use primarily influences financial performance indirectly via customer relationship performance. Third, this study suggests that the performance impacts of BD use are highly contingent on its prevalence among industry rivals. References Available Upon Request

Short-term e-cigarette vapour exposure causes vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction: evidence for a close connection to brain damage and a key role of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2)

AIMS: Electronic (e)-cigarettes have been marketed as a \u27healthy\u27 alternative to traditional combustible cigarettes and as an effective method of smoking cessation. There are, however, a paucity of data to support these claims. In fact, e-cigarettes are implicated in endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the vasculature and the lungs. The mechanisms underlying these side effects remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of e-cigarette vapour on vascular function in smokers and experimental animals to determine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Acute e-cigarette smoking produced a marked impairment of endothelial function in chronic smokers determined by flow-mediated dilation. In mice, e-cigarette vapour without nicotine had more detrimental effects on endothelial function, markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation than vapour containing nicotine. These effects of e-cigarette vapour were largely absent in mice lacking phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2) or upon treatment with the endothelin receptor blocker macitentan or the FOXO3 activator bepridil. We also established that the e-cigarette product acrolein, a reactive aldehyde, recapitulated many of the NOX-2-dependent effects of e-cigarette vapour using in vitro blood vessel incubation. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette vapour exposure increases vascular, cerebral, and pulmonary oxidative stress via a NOX-2-dependent mechanism. Our study identifies the toxic aldehyde acrolein as a key mediator of the observed adverse vascular consequences. Thus, e-cigarettes have the potential to induce marked adverse cardiovascular, pulmonary, and cerebrovascular consequences. Since e-cigarette use is increasing, particularly amongst youth, our data suggest that aggressive steps are warranted to limit their health risks

Nachtlärminduzierte Schlafstörungen und Herz-Kreislauf-Risiko

Impairment of sleep in the sense of insomnias, i.e. difficulties falling asleep and staying asleep, early morning awakening and chronical unrestful sleep is widespread in the population and are associated with a variety of physical and mental health disorders. The environmental causes of insomnia include a number of factors, with nighttime noise being an important cause. Recent data from the European Environment Agency shows that environmental noise (road traffic, railway, aircraft and industrial noise) causes severe sleep disorders among 6.5 million people in Europe. New epidemiological and mechanistic field studies show that in particular night traffic noise can lead, among other things, to impaired vascular function, thrombo-inflammatory changes, an increase in stress hormones and increased blood pressure, representing significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. According to the European Environment Agency, environmental noise causes 48000 additional cases of ischemic heart disease and 12000 premature deaths each year

Lärm und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Environmental noise is a significant environmental risk factor for public health. The European Environment Agency states that at least 20% of the European population are exposed to harmful day-evening-night noise levels of 55 decibels (dB), whereas the World Health Organization recommends up to 10 dB lower limit values, depending on the noise source, for the protection of the population. Chronic noise can interfere with daily activities and sleep and trigger mental and physiological stress reactions that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in the long term. Therefore, preventive measures at the source including noise-reducing structural changes are essential to ensure compliance with noise limits and to protect the population from the negative health effects of noise

BIG DATA RESOURCES, MARKETING CAPABILITIES, AND FIRM PERFORMANCE.

RESEARCH QUESTION Big data may significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the firm's marketing capabilities. However, firms must overcome technological, skill-based and organisational challenges to become data-driven. Academic research has not empirically investigated how strategic big data resources, and to what extent, influence strategic marketing capabilities and, by extension, firm performance. The primary objective of this research is to remedy this crucial knowledge gap. METHOD & DATA We employed a survey study methodology and administered online questionnaires for data collection. Our sampling frame focuses on strategic business units (SBUs) in large (>1000 employees), US-based, B2C manufacturing and service firms who have invested in big data technologies to support marketing decision making. Using a commercial research panel provider, we targeted senior marketing executives in SBUs across a range of B2C industries. The survey was sent to senior marketing executives and 301 usable responses were received in return to form the final sample. Partial Least Squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used as the primary analysis method. KEY CONTRIBUTIONS The study makes two important theoretical contributions with managerial relevance. Firstly, this study makes a novel theoretical contribution with the parsimonious conceptualisation of big data resources (BDR). While all three dimensions (big data technology resources, big data analytics skills, organisational big data resources) are necessary and distinct facets of BDR, big data analytics skills are most important in enhancing marketing capabilities (MC). Based on these findings, we advise managers to ensure that all aspects of the firm’s overall big data asset are sufficient. Second, the results show that MC fully mediates the relationship between BDR and firm performance, indicating that BDR is a source of competitive advantage when leveraged in complementary marketing processes. We therefore urge managers to ensure that big data resources are properly aligned with the firm’s marketing processes. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS In this paper, we posit that strategic big data resources (BDR) play a key role in improving strategic marketing capabilities (MC) to achieve competitive advantage. Empirical findings from a survey of 301 senior marketing executives, representing large US-based firms in B2C industries, support the proposed model. The results highlight that BDR, encompassing technological, human and organizational IT resources, is a critical antecedent of MC. The findings also show that BDR is a source of competitive advantage when leveraged by MC

Ex-vivo- und In-vivo-Evaluierung einer modifizierten Klauenpflege auf unterschiedlichen Böden bei Milchkühen

Mittels folienbasierter Druckmessensoren wurde die Druckverteilung unter Rinderklauen auf unterschiedlichen Bodenbelägen ermittelt. Gleichzeitig wurde eine modifizierte Klauenpflegemethode entwickelt und evaluiert

3D-CAD-Modelle und deren Implementierung in Kundendokumentationen: Nutzen und Verwendungsmöglichkeiten im Bereich des Anlagen- und Maschinenbaus (KMU)

Wie lassen sich 3D-MCAD-Modelle im Bereich der Technischen Dokumentation als Teil des Produktentstehungsprozesses effizient nutzen? Themenschwerpunkt der Arbeit ist die Bereitstellung der 3D-MCAD-Modelle durch die Konstruktion und der damit verbundene 3D-Datenaustausch zwischen Konstruktion und Technischer Dokumentation. Auf Basis umfangreicher Recherchen zu den von 3D-MCAD-Systemen unterstützten 3D-Datenformaten werden die am häufigsten verfügbaren nativen und neutralen/standardisierten Formate gelistet, aus redaktioneller Sicht bewertet und Schlussfolgerungen für den Prozessablauf gezogen