An approach to stakeholders involvement in the preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergency response & recovery in Spain

The elaboration of a generic decision-making strategy to address the evolution of an emergency situation, from the stages of response to recovery, and including a planning stage, can facilitate timely, effective and consistent decision making by the response organisations at every level within the emergency management structure and between countries, helping to ensure optimal protection of health, environment, and society. The degree of involvement of stakeholders in this process is a key strategic element for strengthening the local preparedness and response and can help a successful countermeasures strategy. A significant progress was made with the multi-national European project EURANOS (2004-2009) which brought together best practice, knowledge and technology to enhance the preparedness for Europe's response to any radiation emergency and long term contamination. The subsequent establishment of a European Technology Platform and the recent launch of the research project NERIS-TP ("Towards a self sustaining European Technology Platform (NERIS-TP) on Preparedness for Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Response and Recovery") are aimed to continue with the remaining tasks for gaining appropriate levels of emergency preparedness at local level in most European countries. One of the objectives of the NERIS-TP project is: Strengthen the preparedness at the local/national level by setting up dedicated fora and developing new tools or adapting the tools developed within the EURANOS projects (such as the governance framework for preparedness, the handbooks on countermeasures, the RODOS system, and the MOIRA DSS for long term contamination in catchments) to meet the needs of local communities. CIEMAT and UPM in close interaction with the Nuclear Safety Council will explore, within this project, the use and application in Spain of such technical tools, including other national tools and information and communication strategies to foster cooperation between local, national and international stakeholders. The aim is identify and involve relevant stakeholders in emergency preparedness to improve the development and implementation of appropriate protection strategies as part of the consequence management and the transition to recovery. In this paper, an overview of the "state of the art" on this area in Spain and the methodology and work Plan proposed by the Spanish group within the project NERIS to grow the stakeholder involvement in the preparedness to emergency response and recovery is presented

El sistema JRODOS: una herramienta moderna y eficaz para la gestión y preparación de emergencias nucleares y radiológicas y la rehabilitación. Implementación en España.

En los últimos años se ha producido un significativo avance en el área de la gestión de las emergencias nucleares y radiológicas y la rehabilitación. Proyectos de alcance europeo como EURANOS han contribuido a mejorar los procesos de gobernanza participativa iniciados durante los anteriores Programas Marco Europeos y el desarrollo de técnicas y metodologías en todos los niveles operativos en materia nuclear y radiológica. El sistema de ayuda a la decisión (SAD) RODOS es uno de los productos desarrollados durante este periodo y que ha ido siendo mejorado hasta convertirse en un sistema de uso operacional ampliamente difundido y asumido en todo el ámbito europeo y que empieza a extenderse también a otras zonas del mundo. En España, ha sido implementado y adaptado a las características nacionales en el contexto del Proyecto ISIDRO, patrocinado por el CSN, con la participación del CIEMAT y la UPM. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer la última versión de este sistema, denominado JRODOS, centrándose en su adaptación al entorno nacional y su aplicación como herramienta operacional en la gestión y preparación de las emergencias y la rehabilitación de zonas contaminadas

Procedimiento de potabilización de aguas con elevada carga de amonio para consumo público.

Procedimiento de potabilización de aguas con elevada carga de amonio para consumo público. Se refiere la presente invención a un procedimiento de tratamiento de aguas destinadas al consumo público con altas concentraciones de amonio por la oxidación de ´este mediante peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2). También forman parte del procedimiento los métodos de control analítico y en continuo del peróxido de hidrógeno residual en las aguas tratadas. La existencia de altos niveles de amonio en las aguas de abastecimiento aparece con bastante frecuencia debido a la contaminación de los acuíferos por infiltración de las aguas de lluvia. Estas arrastran los compuestos nitrogenados procedentes de las explotaciones agropecuarias. La necesidad de solucionar estos problemas de contaminación y la falta de sistemas de tratamiento viables económicamente y eficaces, llevan a la búsqueda de nuevos métodos de eliminación de estas especies contaminantes.Españ

Recommendations for National Risk Assessment for Disaster Risk Management in EU

Decision No 1313/2013/EU on a Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM) calls Participating States to develop risk assessments periodically and make the summary of their National Risk Assessment (NRA) available to the European Commission as a way to prevent disaster risk in Europe. In order to facilitate countries on this task, the European Commission developed the Guidelines on risk assessment and mapping. In spite of these, the summaries received have revealed several challenges related to the process and the content of the assessments. The current report aims to provide scientific support to the UCPM participant countries in their development of NRA, explaining why and how a risk assessment could be carried out, how the results of this could be used for Disaster Risk Management planning and in general, how science can help civil protection authorities and staff from ministries and agencies engaged in NRA activities. The report is the result of the collaborative effort of the Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre team and nine Joint Research Centre expert groups which provided their insight on tools and methods for specific risk assessment related to certain hazards and assets: drought, earthquakes, floods, terrorist attacks, biological disasters, critical infrastructures, chemical accidents, nuclear accidents and Natech accidents. The current document would be improved by a next version that would include scientific guidance on other risks and the collaboration of potential users.JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Managemen

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Dispersion and ground deposition of radioactive material according to airflow patterns for enhancing the preparedness to N/R emergencies

The intent of minimizing the impact of the large amount of radioactive material potentially released into the atmosphere in a nuclear event implies preparedness activities. In the early phase and in absence of field observations, countermeasures beyond the Emergency Planning Zone would largely rely on a previous characterization of the transport and dispersion of radioactive particles and the potential levels of radioactive contamination. This study presents a methodology to estimate the atmospheric transport, dispersion and ground deposition of radioactive particles based on an ensemble approach. The methodology starts identifying the main airflow directions by means of the air mass trajectories calculated by the HYSPLIT model, and, secondly, the dispersion and the ground deposition characteristics associated with each airflow pattern by running the RIMPUFF atmospheric dispersion model. From the basis of these results, different products for protective measures in early phases of a nuclear emergency can be obtained, such as the most probable transport direction, spatial probability distribution of deposits and the geographical probability distribution of deposits above certain predefined threshold. The method is tested based on the HYSPLIT trajectories and RIMPUFF simulations during five consecutive years (2012-2016) at the Almaraz Nuclear Power Plant, in Spain. 3644 forward air mass trajectories were calculated (at 00 and 12 UTC, and with duration of 36 hours). Eight airflow patterns were identified, and within each pattern, the “pure days”, i.e. those days in which trajectories at 00 and 12 UTC grouped into the same airflow pattern, were extracted to simulate for each day the atmospheric dispersion and ground deposition following a hypothetical ISLOCA accident sequence of 35 hours. In total, 833 simulations were carried out, in which ground contamination was estimated at cell level on a non-homogeneous geographical grid spacing up to 800 km from Almaraz. The corresponding outcomes show a large variability in the area covered and in deposits between airflow patterns, which provide comprehensive and oriented information and resources to decision makers to emergency management.JRC.G.10-Knowledge for Nuclear Security and Safet

Educación para la salud con personas adultas : concienciación sobre el consumo de drogas

Los objetivos son analizar los hábitos de comportamiento saludable o no saludable y la repercusión en la calidad de vida; favorecer la adopción de una actitud crítica ante el consumo de drogas; mejorar las habilidades sociales y favorecer el autoconocimiento; reflexionar sobre los hábitos de salud en la familia y aprender a construir alternativas que no impliquen consumo de drogas. Las actividades realizadas consisten en la lectura comprensiva de textos informativos y prensa, debates, vídeo forum, elaboración de estudios monográficos y de recetarios de bebidas no alcohólicas.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Dirección General de Salud Pública, Alimentación y ConsumoMadridNo disponibleES

Sé valiente, cuida el medioambiente

El trabajo obtuvo un Premio Tomás García Verdejo a las buenas prácticas educativas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura para el curso 2020/2021. Modalidad ASe describe un proyecto internivelar e interdisciplinar llevado a cabo en el CEIP Máximo Cruz Rebosa de Piornal (Cáceres) que trata sobre el cuidado del entorno, la conciencia sobre el medioambiente y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, con el fin de aprender la importancia de llevar a cabo acciones de vida, tanto individuales como colectivas, que garanticen un futuro saludable y sostenible. Otros objetivos del proyecto fueron: promover valores de igualdad de género, de convivencia y de trabajo en equipo; identificar modelos de vida y acciones para la promoción de la salud; favorecer que los alumnos usasen las TIC como medio para la búsqueda de información; fomentar la lectura a través de diferentes medios como la biblioteca del centro; impulsar la capacidad emprendedora de los alumnos; realizar actividades al aire libre y fomentar la actividad física y favorecer el bienestar emocional tomando conciencia de uno mismo y del entorno en el que se desarrollaExtremaduraES

Efficacy and safety of daclatasvir-based antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation. Role of cirrhosis and genotype 3. A multicenter cohort study.

Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) combining daclatasvir (DCV) have reported good outcomes in the recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after liver transplant (LT). However, its effect on the severe recurrence and the risk of death remains controversial. We evaluated the efficacy, predictors of survival, and safety of DAC-based regimens in a large real-world cohort. A total of 331 patients received DCV-based therapy. Duration of therapy and ribavirin use were at the investigator's discretion. The primary end point was sustained virological response (SVR) at week 12. A multivariate analysis of predictive factors of mortality was performed. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol SVR were 93.05% and 96.9%. ITT-SVR was lower in cirrhosis (n = 163) (96.4% vs. 89.6% P = 0.017); the SVR in genotype 3 (n = 91) was similar, even in advanced fibrosis (96.7% vs. 88%, P = 0.2). Ten patients (3%) experienced virological failure. Therapy was stopped in 18 patients (5.44%), and ten died during treatment. A total of 22 patients (6.6%) died. Albumin (HR = 0.376; 95% CI 0.155-0.910) and baseline MELD (HR = 1.137; 95% CI: 1.061-1.218) were predictors of death. DCV-based DAA treatment is efficacious and safe in patients with HCV infection after LT. Baseline MELD score and serum albumin are predictors of survival irrespective of viral response

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization