Manual de cuidados às pessoas com diabetes e pé diabético: Construção por scoping study

Objetivo: construir um manual educativo para pessoas com diabetes mellitus com pé diabético. Método: scoping study, aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, realizado em um hospital escola do Estado de Santa Catarina (Brasil). A coleta de dados, foi realizada entre setembro e novembro de 2016, incluiu revisão narrativa e consulta a 14 participantes - 11 experts (oito enfermeiros, um professor de enfermagem e dois médicos) e três pessoas com diabetes e seus acompanhantes sobre os conteúdos do manual educativo. Utilizou-se a técnica Delphi, na consulta com os experts, e estabeleceu-se a necessidade de 70%, ou mais, de concordância total para permanência dos conteúdos no manual. Com as pessoas com diabetes e acompanhantes aplicou-se formulário avaliativo, contendo escala Likert para avaliação dos conteúdos e pergunta aberta questionando opinião sobre o manual. Resultados: a literatura existente e a consulta aos participantes subsidiou a elaboração dos conteúdos do manual. A partir da consulta na literatura e com os participantes, foi construído o manual, que foi revisado pelos experts. Na primeira rodada de consulta com experts, dos 21 conteúdos construídos, a partir do estudo de revisão, oito não atingiram 70% de concordância. Os percentuais oscilaram entre 45% e 90%. Na segunda rodada, todos os conteúdos foram considerados pertinentes. As pessoas com diabetes consideraram que o manual estava adequado e de fácil compressão. Conclusão: o método possibilitou a construção do manual que resultou em um produto de enfermagem para uso na educação em saúde, para o cuidado da pessoa com diabetes com pé diabético.Objective: to construct an educational manual for people with diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot. Method: a scoping study, approved by a Research Ethics Committee, and performed in a teaching hospital in the State of Santa Catarina (Brazil). Data collection was performed between September and November 2016, it included a narrative review and consultations of 14 participants - 11 experts (eight nurses, one nursing teacher and two physicians) and three diabetic people and their companions about the contents of the educational manual. The Delphi technique was used in the consultation with the experts, and 70% or more total agreement was established for the permanence of contents in the manual. An evaluation form was used with the diabetic people and their companions, containing a Likert scale for the content evaluation and open questions asking for their opinion about the manual. Results: the existing literature and consultation with the participants supported the preparation for the manual content. The manual was constructed from the consultation of literature and with the participants, and was reviewed by the experts. In the first round of consultation with the experts, eight out of the 21 constructed contents did not reach 70% agreement. The percentages ranged from 45% to 90%. In the second round, all content was considered relevant. diabetic people considered the manual to be adequate and easy to understand. Conclusion: the method made the construction of the manual possible which resulted in a nursing technology for use in health education in the care of people with diabetic patients with diabetic foot.Objetivo: construir un manual educativo para personas con diabetes mellitus con pie diabético. Método: scoping study, aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, realizado en un hospital escuela del Estado de Santa Catarina (Brasil). La recolección de datos, fue realizada entre septiembre y noviembre de 2016, incluyó revisión narrativa y consulta a 14 interesados (11 enfermeros, un profesor de enfermería y dos médicos) y tres personas con diabetes y sus acompañantes sobre los contenidos del manual educativo. Se utilizó la técnica Delphi, en la consulta con los expertos, y se estableció la necesidad del 70%, o más, de concordancia total para permanencia de los contenidos en el manual. Con las personas con diabetes y acompañantes se aplicó formulario evaluativo, conteniendo escala Likert para evaluación de los contenidos y pregunta abierta cuestionando opinión sobre el manual. Resultados: la literatura existente y la consulta a los interesados subsidió la elaboración de los contenidos del manual. A partir de la consulta en la literatura y con los interesados, fue construido el manual, que fue revisado por los expertos. En la primera ronda de consulta con expertos, de los 21 contenidos construidos, a partir del estudio de revisión, ocho no alcanzaron el 70% de concordancia. Los porcentuales oscilaron entre el 45% y el 90%. En la segunda ronda, todos los contenidos se consideraron pertinentes. Las personas con diabetes consideraron que el manual era adecuado y de fácil compresión. Conclusión: el método posibilitó la construcción del manual que resultó en un producto de enfermería para uso en la educación en salud, para el cuidado de la persona con diabetes con pie diabético.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Study of D0 --> K0(S) K0(S) X Decay Channels

Using data from the FOCUS experiment (FNAL-E831), we report on the decay of $D^0$ mesons into final states containing more than one $K^0_S$. We present evidence for two Cabibbo favored decay modes, $D^0\to K^0_SK^0_S K^- \pi^+$ and $D^0\to K^0_SK^0_S K^+ \pi^-$, and measure their combined branching fraction relative to $D^0\to \bar{K} ^0\pi^+\pi^-$ to be $\frac{\Gamma(D^0\to K^0_SK^0_SK^{\pm}\pi^{\mp})}{\Gamma(D^0\to \bar{K} ^0\pi^+\pi^-)}$ = 0.0106 $\pm$ 0.0019 $\pm$ 0.0010. Further, we report new measurements of $\frac{\Gamma(D^0\to K^0_SK^0_SK^0_S)}{\Gamma(D^0\to \bar{K} ^0\pi^+\pi^-)}$ = 0.0179 $\pm$ 0.0027 $\pm$ 0.0026, $\frac{\Gamma(D^0\to K^0\bar{K} ^0)}{\Gamma(D^0\to \bar{K} ^0\pi^+\pi^-)}$ = 0.0144 $\pm$ 0.0032 $\pm$ 0.0016, and $\frac{\Gamma(D^0\to K^0_SK^0_S\pi^+\pi^-)}{\Gamma(D^0\to \bar{K} ^0\pi^+\pi^-)}$ = 0.0208 $\pm$ 0.0035 $\pm$ 0.0021 where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, typos correcte

Personality preference influences medical student use of specific computer-aided instruction (CAI)

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that personality preference, which can be related to learning style, influences individual utilization of CAI applications developed specifically for the undergraduate medical curriculum. METHODS: Personality preferences of students were obtained using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test. CAI utilization for individual students was collected from entry logs for two different web-based applications (a discussion forum and a tutorial) used in the basic science course on human anatomy. Individual login data were sorted by personality preference and the data statistically analyzed by 2-way mixed ANOVA and correlation. RESULTS: There was a wide discrepancy in the level and pattern of student use of both CAI. Although individual use of both CAI was positively correlated irrespective of MBTI preference, students with a "Sensing" preference tended to use both CAI applications more than the "iNtuitives". Differences in the level of use of these CAI applications (i.e., higher use of discussion forum vs. a tutorial) were also found for the "Perceiving/Judging" dimension. CONCLUSION: We conclude that personality/learning preferences of individual students influence their use of CAI in the medical curriculum

Phamerator: a bioinformatic tool for comparative bacteriophage genomics

Background: Bacteriophage genomes have mosaic architectures and are replete with small open reading frames of unknown function, presenting challenges in their annotation, comparative analysis, and representation.Results: We describe here a bioinformatic tool, Phamerator, that assorts protein-coding genes into phamilies of related sequences using pairwise comparisons to generate a database of gene relationships. This database is used to generate genome maps of multiple phages that incorporate nucleotide and amino acid sequence relationships, as well as genes containing conserved domains. Phamerator also generates phamily circle representations of gene phamilies, facilitating analysis of the different evolutionary histories of individual genes that migrate through phage populations by horizontal genetic exchange.Conclusions: Phamerator represents a useful tool for comparative genomic analysis and comparative representations of bacteriophage genomes. © 2011 Cresawn et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Social sciences research in neglected tropical diseases 2: A bibliographic analysis

The official published version of the article can be found at the link below.Background There are strong arguments for social science and interdisciplinary research in the neglected tropical diseases. These diseases represent a rich and dynamic interplay between vector, host, and pathogen which occurs within social, physical and biological contexts. The overwhelming sense, however, is that neglected tropical diseases research is a biomedical endeavour largely excluding the social sciences. The purpose of this review is to provide a baseline for discussing the quantum and nature of the science that is being conducted, and the extent to which the social sciences are a part of that. Methods A bibliographic analysis was conducted of neglected tropical diseases related research papers published over the past 10 years in biomedical and social sciences. The analysis had textual and bibliometric facets, and focussed on chikungunya, dengue, visceral leishmaniasis, and onchocerciasis. Results There is substantial variation in the number of publications associated with each disease. The proportion of the research that is social science based appears remarkably consistent (<4%). A textual analysis, however, reveals a degree of misclassification by the abstracting service where a surprising proportion of the "social sciences" research was pure clinical research. Much of the social sciences research also tends to be "hand maiden" research focused on the implementation of biomedical solutions. Conclusion There is little evidence that scientists pay any attention to the complex social, cultural, biological, and environmental dynamic involved in human pathogenesis. There is little investigator driven social science and a poor presence of interdisciplinary science. The research needs more sophisticated funders and priority setters who are not beguiled by uncritical biomedical promises

Maternal position during the first stage of labor: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Policy makers and health professionals are progressively using evidence-based rationale to guide their decisions. There has long been controversy regarding which maternal position is more appropriate during the first stage of labor. This problem has been examined often and repeatedly and the optimal recommendation remains unclear. METHODS: This is a systematic review of the effect of maternal position during the first stage of labor. The main question addressed here is: Does encouraging women to adopt an upright position or to ambulate during the first stage of labor reduce the duration of this stage? All randomized controlled trials carried out to assess this effect were taken into consideration in this review. The following electronic databases were accessed to identify studies: MEDLINE, Popline, the Scientific Electronic Library On-line and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information. Citation eligibility was independently assessed by two reviewers. The methodological quality of each trial was also evaluated independently by two reviewers and a trial under consideration was included only when consensus had been attained. Allocation concealment and screening for the occurrence of attrition, performance and detection biases were considered when studies were appraised. The decision whether to perform data pooling was based on the clinical similarity of studies. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 260 citations, of which 18 were assessed in full-text. Nine eligible randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review. Randomization methods were not fully described in eight studies. The allocation concealment was considered adequate in four studies and unclear in five. The investigators pooled the data from seven studies in which the length of the first stage of labor and results were in favor of the intervention, but the high level of heterogeneity (I(2 )= 88.4%) impaired the meaning of this finding. The intervention did not affect other outcomes studied (mode of delivery, use of analgesia, labor augmentation and condition of the child at birth). CONCLUSION: Adoption of the upright position or ambulation during first stage of labor may be safe, but considering the available evidence and its consistency, it cannot be recommended as an effective intervention to reduce duration of the first stage of labor

Phytostabilization of metals in mine soils using Brassica juncea in combination with organic amendments

Background and aims The high metal bioavailability and the poor conditions of mine soils yield a low plant biomass, limiting the application of phytoremediation techniques. A greenhouse experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of organic amendments on metal stabilization and the potential of Brassica juncea L. for phytostabilization in mine soils. Methods Plants were grown in pots filled with soils collected from two mine sites located in Central Spain mixed with 0, 30 and 60 tha?1 of pine bark compost and horse- and sheep-manure compost. Plant biomass and metal concentrations in roots and shoots were measured. Metal bioavailability was assessed using a rhizosphere-based method (rhizo), which consists of a mixture of low-molecular-weight organic acids to simulate root exudates. Results Manure reduced metal concentrations in shoots (10?50 % reduction of Cu and 40?80 % of Zn in comparison with non-amended soils), bioconcentration factor (10?50 % of Cu and 40?80 % of Zn) and metal bioavailability in soil (40?50 % of Cu and 10?30 % of Zn) due to the high pH and the contribution of organic matter. Manure improved soil fertility and was also able to increase plant biomass (5?20 times in shoots and 3?30 times in roots), which resulted in a greater amount of metals removed from soil and accumulated in roots (increase of 2?7 times of Cu and Zn). Plants grown in pine bark treatments and in non-amended soils showed a limited biomass and high metal concentrations in shoots. Conclusions The addition of manure could be effective for the stabilization of metals and for enhancing the phytostabilization ability of B. juncea in mine soils. In this study, this species resulted to be a potential candidate for phytostabilization in combination with manure, differing from previous results, in which B. juncea had been recognized as a phytoextraction plant

Regulatory T Cells Suppress T Cell Activation at the Pathologic Site of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

Suppression of T cell response is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Regulatory T cell (Treg) mediated immune-suppression is reported in animal models of Leishmania infection. However, their precise role among human patients still requires pathologic validation. The present study is aimed at understanding the frequency dynamics and function of Treg cells in the blood and bone marrow (BM) of VL patients. The study included 42 parasitologically confirmed patients, 17 healthy contact and 9 normal bone marrow specimens (NBM). We show i) the selective accumulation of Treg cells at one of the disease inflicted site(s), the BM, ii) their in vitro expansion in response to LD antigen and iii) persistence after successful chemotherapy. Results indicate that the Treg cells isolated from BM produces IL-10 and may inhibit T cell activation in IL-10 dependent manner. Moreover, we observed significantly higher levels of IL-10 among drug unresponsive patients, suggesting their critical role in suppression of immunity among VL patients. Our results suggest that IL-10 plays an important role in suppression of host immunity in human VL and possibly determines the efficacy of chemotherapy